English
English version They are born relying on heaps of refuse, or relying on filthy toilets, or relying on rotten meat, or relying on stale congee, or relying on clumps of grass, or relying on dense forests, or relying on thatched huts, or relying on leaf caves, or relying on ponds, or relying on lakeshores, or relying on rivers, or relying on moist places such as the great ocean. What is this again? It refers to crickets, moths, mosquitoes, gnats, hemp-born insects, etc., as well as a class of Nagas (dragons), a class of Garudas (mythical birds), and a class of humans. Furthermore, those remaining sentient beings who are born from mutual warmth, broadly speaking, even relying on moist places such as the great ocean, are all called moisture-born. What is transformation-birth? Answer: If sentient beings have complete limbs and their senses are not deficient, they are born suddenly without relying on anything. What is this again? It refers to all Devas (gods), all hell beings, all intermediate beings (antarabhava), as well as a portion of Nagas, a portion of Garudas, a portion of ghosts, and a portion of humans. Furthermore, those remaining sentient beings who have complete limbs and their senses are not deficient, and are born suddenly without relying on anything, are all called transformation-born. The four ways of obtaining a self: First, there are those who obtain a self that can only harm themselves and cannot be harmed by others; second, there are those who obtain a self that can only be harmed by others and cannot harm themselves; third, there are those who obtain a self that can be harmed by both themselves and others; fourth, there are those who obtain a self that can be harmed by neither themselves nor others. What is it to obtain a self that can only harm oneself and cannot be harmed by others? Answer: If sentient beings have the power to end their own lives, but others do not have the power to end their lives. What is this again? It refers to the Devas of Playful Forgetfulness in the desire realm, who sometimes play and enjoy themselves to the extreme, and after a long time, their bodies become tired and they lose mindfulness, and for this reason, they die. There are also the Devas of Mental Anger in the desire realm, who sometimes become angry and extremely resentful, staring at each other for a long time, and for this reason, they perish. Furthermore, those remaining sentient beings who have the power to end their own lives, but others do not have the power to end their lives, this is called obtaining a self that can only harm oneself and cannot be harmed by others. What is it to obtain a self that can only be harmed by others and cannot harm oneself? Answer: If sentient beings do not have the power to end their own lives, but others have the power to end their lives. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
复云何？谓处卵㲉或母胎中，若羯剌蓝、若頞部昙、若闭尸、若键南、若钵罗奢佉，诸根未满诸根未熟。复有所余诸有情类，自无势力能断自命，他有势力能断其命，是名有得自体唯可他害非可自害。云何有得自体自他俱可害？答：若诸有情自有势力能断自命，他亦有势力能断其命。此复云何？谓象马驼、牛驴羊鹿、水牛猪等。复有所余诸有情类，自有势力能断自命，他亦有势力能断其命，是名有得自体自他俱可害。云何有得自体自他俱不可害，答：若诸有情自无势力能断自命，他亦无势力能断其命。此复云何？谓一切色无色界天，住无想定、灭定、慈定中有有情，住最后有诸有情类，佛使佛记诸转轮王，及轮王母怀彼胎时，后身菩萨及菩萨母怀彼胎时，殑耆罗嗢怛罗婆罗痆斯长者子、王舍城长者子、耶舍童命哀罗伐拏龙王、善住龙王、婆罗呼马王、琰摩王等一切地狱。复有所余诸有情类，自无势力能断自命，他亦无势力能断其命，是名有得自体自他俱不可害。 第五嗢柁南曰： 五四法有八， 谓流利趣苦， 四语恶妙行， 四非圣圣言。 有顺流行等四补特伽罗、自利行等四补特伽罗、从闇趣闇等四补特伽罗、自苦等四补特伽罗、四语恶行、四语妙行、四非圣言、四圣言。 顺流行 现代汉语译本： 什么是‘复’呢？指的是处于卵壳中或母胎中的生命，例如羯剌蓝（kalala，受精卵）、頞部昙（arbuda，凝结期）、闭尸（peshi，肉团期）、键南（ghana，硬结期）、钵罗奢佉（prashakha，肢体分化期），此时诸根尚未完满，诸根尚未成熟。还有其他一些有情众生，自身没有能力了断自己的生命，而其他众生有能力了断他们的生命，这叫做‘有得自体唯可他害非可自害’。 什么是‘有得自体自他俱可害’呢？回答：指的是那些有情众生，自身有能力了断自己的生命，其他众生也有能力了断他们的生命。这是指什么呢？指的是象、马、骆驼、牛、驴、羊、鹿、水牛、猪等。还有其他一些有情众生，自身有能力了断自己的生命，其他众生也有能力了断他们的生命，这叫做‘有得自体自他俱可害’。 什么是‘有得自体自他俱不可害’呢？回答：指的是那些有情众生，自身没有能力了断自己的生命，其他众生也没有能力了断他们的生命。这是指什么呢？指的是一切色无色天（arupadhatu，无色界），处于无想定、灭尽定、慈定中的有情，处于最后有（bhavagra，有顶天）的那些有情众生，佛陀派遣的使者，佛陀授记的那些转轮王（chakravartin，统治世界的君王），以及轮王之母怀着他们胎儿的时候，后身菩萨（bodhisattva，未来的佛陀）以及菩萨之母怀着他们胎儿的时候，殑耆罗（Kingoila）的嗢怛罗婆罗痆斯（Uttaravaranasi）长者之子、王舍城（Rajagriha）的长者之子、耶舍（Yasha）童子、哀罗伐拏（Airavana）龙王、善住（Sudatta）龙王、婆罗呼马（Balahuma）王、琰摩（Yama）王等一切地狱。还有其他一些有情众生，自身没有能力了断自己的生命，其他众生也没有能力了断他们的生命，这叫做‘有得自体自他俱不可害’。 第五品纲要说： 五种、四种法有八类，指的是顺流、利行、趣苦、自苦，四种语恶行、四种语妙行、四种非圣言、四种圣言。 有顺流行等四种补特伽罗（pudgala，人），自利行等四种补特伽罗，从暗趣暗等四种补特伽罗，自苦等四种补特伽罗，四种语恶行，四种语妙行，四种非圣言，四种圣言。 顺流行
English
English version: Furthermore, what is it? It refers to beings in eggshells or in the womb, such as kalala (conception stage), arbuda (embryo stage), peshi (flesh stage), ghana (solid stage), prashakha (limb differentiation stage), where the organs are not yet complete and not yet mature. Furthermore, there are other sentient beings who do not have the power to end their own lives, while others have the power to end their lives. This is called 'having obtained a self that can only be harmed by others, not by oneself'. What is 'having obtained a self that can be harmed by both oneself and others'? Answer: It refers to those sentient beings who have the power to end their own lives, and others also have the power to end their lives. What does this refer to? It refers to elephants, horses, camels, cattle, donkeys, sheep, deer, water buffaloes, pigs, and so on. Furthermore, there are other sentient beings who have the power to end their own lives, and others also have the power to end their lives. This is called 'having obtained a self that can be harmed by both oneself and others'. What is 'having obtained a self that can be harmed by neither oneself nor others'? Answer: It refers to those sentient beings who do not have the power to end their own lives, and others also do not have the power to end their lives. What does this refer to? It refers to all beings in the Formless Realm (arupadhatu), those in the state of non-perception, cessation, and loving-kindness meditation, those sentient beings in the highest realm of existence (bhavagra), the messengers sent by the Buddha, those Chakravartins (world-ruling monarchs) prophesied by the Buddha, and when the mothers of Chakravartins are pregnant with them, future Bodhisattvas (Buddhas-to-be) and when the mothers of Bodhisattvas are pregnant with them, the son of the elder of Kingoila's Uttaravaranasi, the son of the elder of Rajagriha, the boy Yasha, the dragon king Airavana, the dragon king Sudatta, King Balahuma, King Yama, and all hells. Furthermore, there are other sentient beings who do not have the power to end their own lives, and others also do not have the power to end their lives. This is called 'having obtained a self that can be harmed by neither oneself nor others'. The fifth summary says: There are eight categories of five and four dharmas, referring to going with the flow, benefiting others, heading towards suffering, self-inflicted suffering, four verbal misdeeds, four verbal good deeds, four non-noble words, and four noble words. There are four types of pudgalas (persons) such as going with the flow, four types of pudgalas such as benefiting oneself, four types of pudgalas such as going from darkness to darkness, four types of pudgalas such as self-inflicted suffering, four verbal misdeeds, four verbal good deeds, four non-noble words, and four noble words. Going with the flow --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
等四补特伽罗者，一、顺流行补特伽罗；二、逆流行补特伽罗；三、自住补特伽罗；四、到彼岸补特伽罗。云何顺流行补特伽罗？答：如世尊说：苾刍当知，世有一类补特伽罗，染习诸欲造不善业，是名顺流行补特伽罗。问：何故名顺流行补特伽罗？答：爱是生死流，此补特伽罗顺彼趣，彼临至于彼，是彼道路、是彼行迹，故名顺流行补特伽罗。云何逆流行补特伽罗？答：如世尊说：苾刍当知，世有一类补特伽罗，于贪瞋痴为性猛利，数数厌患贪瞋痴生作意忧苦。彼由厌患作意忧苦，乃至命终常勤修习，纯一圆满清白梵行，是名逆流行补特伽罗。问：何故名逆流行补特伽罗？答：爱是生死流，此补特伽罗于断爱法，随顺趣向临至于彼，是彼道路、是彼行迹，故名逆流行补特伽罗。云何自住补特伽罗？答：如世尊说：苾刍当知，世有一类补特伽罗，住阿练若或居树下或处空闲，若习若修若多所作若正思惟，证得如是寂静心定。随此定心断五顺下分结当受化生，即于彼处得般涅槃，不复退还生此欲界，是名自住补特伽罗。问：何故名自住补特伽罗？答：此补特伽罗自住化生界得般涅槃，不复退还生此欲界，故名自住补特伽罗。云何到彼岸补特伽罗？答：如世尊说：苾刍当知，世有一类补特伽罗，住阿练若或居树下或处空闲 现代汉语译本 有四种补特伽罗（pudgala，人）：一、顺流行补特伽罗；二、逆流行补特伽罗；三、自住补特伽罗；四、到彼岸补特伽罗。 什么是顺流行补特伽罗？答：如世尊所说：‘比丘们，当知世上有一类补特伽罗，染习各种欲望，造作不善之业，这叫做顺流行补特伽罗。’ 问：为什么叫做顺流行补特伽罗？答：爱是生死之流，此补特伽罗顺着它而行，临近于它，那是他的道路、他的行迹，所以叫做顺流行补特伽罗。 什么是逆流行补特伽罗？答：如世尊所说：‘比丘们，当知世上有一类补特伽罗，以贪、嗔、痴为本性，非常强烈，屡屡厌患因贪、嗔、痴生起的作意忧苦。他们由于厌患作意忧苦，乃至生命终结，常常勤奋修习，纯一圆满清白的梵行，这叫做逆流行补特伽罗。’ 问：为什么叫做逆流行补特伽罗？答：爱是生死之流，此补特伽罗对于断爱之法，随顺趣向，临近于它，那是他的道路、他的行迹，所以叫做逆流行补特伽罗。 什么是自住补特伽罗？答：如世尊所说：‘比丘们，当知世上有一类补特伽罗，住在阿练若（araṇya，寂静处），或居住在树下，或处于空闲之处，若习若修，若多所作，若正思惟，证得如此寂静的心定。随此定心断除五顺下分结（pañcāvarabhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni，导致众生投生于欲界的五种烦恼），当受化生，即于彼处得般涅槃（parinirvāṇa，完全的涅槃），不再退还而生于此欲界，这叫做自住补特伽罗。’ 问：为什么叫做自住补特伽罗？答：此补特伽罗自住于化生界，得般涅槃，不再退还而生于此欲界，所以叫做自住补特伽罗。 什么是到彼岸补特伽罗？答：如世尊所说：‘比丘们，当知世上有一类补特伽罗，住在阿练若（araṇya，寂静处），或居住在树下，或处于空闲之处
English
English version There are four types of pudgalas (persons): 1. The one who goes with the flow; 2. The one who goes against the flow; 3. The one who dwells by himself; 4. The one who reaches the other shore. What is the 'one who goes with the flow'? Answer: As the World-Honored One said: 'Bhikkhus (monks), know that in the world there is a type of pudgala who indulges in various desires and commits unwholesome deeds. This is called the 'one who goes with the flow'.' Question: Why is he called the 'one who goes with the flow'? Answer: Craving is the stream of samsara (cycle of birth and death). This pudgala goes along with it, approaches it, that is his path, his track. Therefore, he is called the 'one who goes with the flow'. What is the 'one who goes against the flow'? Answer: As the World-Honored One said: 'Bhikkhus, know that in the world there is a type of pudgala who is intensely characterized by greed, hatred, and delusion, and frequently loathes the suffering arising from the mental activity (作意) of greed, hatred, and delusion. Because of loathing this suffering, until the end of his life, he constantly diligently practices the pure and complete Brahmacharya (梵行, holy life). This is called the 'one who goes against the flow'.' Question: Why is he called the 'one who goes against the flow'? Answer: Craving is the stream of samsara. This pudgala, with regard to the Dharma (法, law/teachings) of abandoning craving, follows and approaches it, that is his path, his track. Therefore, he is called the 'one who goes against the flow'. What is the 'one who dwells by himself'? Answer: As the World-Honored One said: 'Bhikkhus, know that in the world there is a type of pudgala who dwells in the araṇya (阿练若, secluded place), or lives under a tree, or stays in an empty place, whether practicing, cultivating, doing much, or rightly contemplating, attains such a tranquil samadhi (定, concentration). Following this samadhi, he cuts off the five lower fetters (pañcāvarabhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni, the five fetters that bind beings to the realm of desire), is born spontaneously, and attains parinirvāṇa (般涅槃, complete Nirvana) in that very place, never returning to be born in this desire realm. This is called the 'one who dwells by himself'.' Question: Why is he called the 'one who dwells by himself'? Answer: This pudgala dwells by himself in the realm of spontaneous birth, attains parinirvāṇa, and never returns to be born in this desire realm. Therefore, he is called the 'one who dwells by himself'. What is the 'one who reaches the other shore'? Answer: As the World-Honored One said: 'Bhikkhus, know that in the world there is a type of pudgala who dwells in the araṇya (阿练若, secluded place), or lives under a tree, or stays in an empty place --------------------------------------------------------------------------------