English
English version: If someone merely practices according to the Dharma (law) taught (by others), acts in accordance with the Dharma, conducts themselves with harmony and respect, and follows the Dharma, but their speech is not skillful, their words are not complete, and they cannot achieve superior speech, beautiful speech, clear speech, or easily understandable speech, and even for the sake of making others understand the meaning, they cannot demonstrate, cannot teach, cannot praise and encourage, cannot congratulate and comfort, cannot admire, and for those who demonstrate, teach, praise, and encourage the practice of good deeds, they cannot diligently preach the Dharma to the four assemblies (bhikkhus, bhikkhunis, upasakas, and upasikas), this is called a person who has neither self-benefiting actions nor other-benefiting actions. The four types of individuals who go from darkness to darkness, etc.: One, there is an individual who goes from darkness to darkness; two, there is an individual who goes from darkness to light; three, there is an individual who goes from light to darkness; four, there is an individual who goes from light to light. What is an individual who goes from darkness to darkness? Answer: As the World-Honored One said: 'Bhikkhus (monks), you should know that in the world there is a type of individual who is born into a poor and lowly family, such as a Candala (Candala, executioner) family, a Pukkasa (Pukkasa, scavenger) family, an artisan family, a musician family, or any other family of base and poor lineage, suffering from poverty and lack of food and clothing, with an ugly appearance, despised by people, and driven by the masses.' This is called darkness. Relying on this darkness, they commit evil deeds with their body, evil deeds with their speech, and evil deeds with their mind. Due to these evil deeds, after their body breaks and their life ends, they fall into dangerous and evil realms, and are born in hell. You should know that such an individual is like someone who goes from a dark place to a dark place, falls from a filthy toilet into a filthy toilet, flows from a bad waterfall into a bad waterfall, escapes one prison and enters another prison, washes filthy blood with filthy blood. One who relies on a poor and lowly body to commit evil deeds is also like this. This is called an individual who goes from darkness to darkness. What is an individual who goes from darkness to light? Answer: As the World-Honored One said: 'Bhikkhus, you should know that in the world there is a type of individual who is born into a poor and lowly family, such as a Candala family... (explained extensively as before)... This is called darkness. Relying on this darkness, they commit virtuous deeds with their body, virtuous deeds with their speech, and virtuous deeds with their mind. Due to these virtuous deeds, after their body breaks and their life ends, they transcend and ascend to good realms, and are born in the heavens.' You should know that such an individual is like... --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
如有人从地上隥从隥上座、从座上舆从舆上马、从马上象、从象升殿，依贫贱身造妙行者亦复如是，是名从闇趣明补特伽罗。云何从明趣闇补特伽罗？答：如世尊说：苾刍当知，世有一类补特伽罗生富贵家，谓刹帝利大族姓家、或婆罗门大族姓家、或诸长者大族姓家、或诸居士大族姓家、或余随一大族姓家。其家多有种种珍宝、衣服饮食奴婢作使、象马牛羊库藏财谷，及余资具无不充满。生是家已，形相端严言词威肃众所敬爱，是名为明。彼依此明，造身恶行、造语恶行、造意恶行。彼由如是恶行因缘，身坏命终堕险恶趣生地狱中。当知如是补特伽罗，譬如有人下殿乘象、下象乘马、下马乘舆、下舆居座、下座居隥、从橙堕地，依富贵身造恶行者亦复如是，是名从明趣闇补特伽罗。云何从明趣明补特伽罗？答：如世尊说：苾刍当知，世有一类补特伽罗生富贵家，谓刹帝利大族姓家，广说乃至是名为明。彼依此明，造身妙行、造语妙行、造意妙行。彼由如是妙行因缘，超升善趣生于天中。当知如是补特伽罗，譬如有人从隥趣隥、从座趣座、从舆趣舆、舍马乘马、舍象乘象、从殿趣殿，依富贵身造妙行者亦复如是，是名从明趣明补特伽罗。如世尊说： “诸有贫贱人， 无信有瞋忿， 悭贪乐作恶， 好妄想邪见 现代汉语译本：如果有人从地上登上台阶，从台阶上坐到座位上，从座位上坐到轿子上，从轿子上骑上马，从马上骑上象，从象上登上殿堂，像这样依靠贫贱之身而行妙行的人也是如此，这叫做从黑暗走向光明的补特伽罗（pudgala，人）。 什么是从光明走向黑暗的补特伽罗（pudgala，人）？回答：正如世尊所说：‘比丘们应当知道，世上有一类补特伽罗（pudgala，人）出生在富贵之家，比如刹帝利（kshatriya，贵族）大家族、或婆罗门（brahman，祭司）大家族、或诸长者（wealthy householder）大家族、或诸居士（lay follower）大家族、或其余任何一个大家族。他们家中多有种种珍宝、衣服饮食、奴婢仆役、象马牛羊、库藏财谷，以及其余资具，无不充满。出生在这样的家庭后，形貌端正庄严，言语威严肃穆，为众人所敬爱，这叫做光明。他们依靠这种光明，造作身恶行、造作语恶行、造作意恶行。他们由于这样的恶行因缘，身坏命终后堕入险恶的去处，生于地狱之中。应当知道这样的补特伽罗（pudgala，人），譬如有人从殿堂下来乘坐象，从象上下来乘坐马，从马上下来乘坐轿子，从轿子上下来坐在座位上，从座位上下来走到台阶上，从台阶上掉到地上，像这样依靠富贵之身而造作恶行的人也是如此，这叫做从光明走向黑暗的补特伽罗（pudgala，人）。’ 什么是从光明走向光明的补特伽罗（pudgala，人）？回答：正如世尊所说：‘比丘们应当知道，世上有一类补特伽罗（pudgala，人）出生在富贵之家，比如刹帝利（kshatriya，贵族）大家族，（内容同上）这叫做光明。他们依靠这种光明，造作身妙行、造作语妙行、造作意妙行。他们由于这样的妙行因缘，超越提升到善的去处，生于天界之中。应当知道这样的补特伽罗（pudgala，人），譬如有人从台阶走向台阶，从座位走向座位，从轿子走向轿子，舍弃马而乘坐马，舍弃象而乘坐象，从殿堂走向殿堂，像这样依靠富贵之身而造作妙行的人也是如此，这叫做从光明走向光明的补特伽罗（pudgala，人）。’正如世尊所说： ‘那些贫穷困苦的人，没有信仰而且充满嗔恨愤怒，悭吝贪婪喜欢作恶，爱好妄想和邪见。’
English
English version: If someone ascends from the ground to a platform, from the platform to a seat, from the seat to a palanquin, from the palanquin to a horse, from the horse to an elephant, and from the elephant to a palace, one who, relying on a poor and humble body, performs excellent deeds is also like this. This is called a 'pudgala' (person) who goes from darkness to light. What is a 'pudgala' (person) who goes from light to darkness? Answer: As the World-Honored One said: 'Bhikkhus, know that in the world there is a type of 'pudgala' (person) born into a wealthy family, such as a great family of Kshatriyas (kshatriya, warrior caste), or a great family of Brahmins (brahman, priestly caste), or a great family of wealthy householders (wealthy householder), or a great family of lay followers (lay follower), or any other great family. Their homes are filled with various treasures, clothing, food and drink, servants, elephants, horses, cattle, sheep, storehouses of wealth and grain, and other resources. Having been born into such a family, they are handsome and dignified in appearance, their words are authoritative and respected by all, this is called light. Relying on this light, they commit evil deeds with their body, evil deeds with their speech, and evil deeds with their mind. Due to these evil deeds, when their body breaks and their life ends, they fall into evil realms and are born in hell. Know that such a 'pudgala' (person) is like someone who descends from a palace to ride an elephant, descends from an elephant to ride a horse, descends from a horse to ride a palanquin, descends from a palanquin to sit on a seat, descends from a seat to stand on a platform, and falls from the platform to the ground. One who, relying on a wealthy and noble body, commits evil deeds is also like this. This is called a 'pudgala' (person) who goes from light to darkness.' What is a 'pudgala' (person) who goes from light to light? Answer: As the World-Honored One said: 'Bhikkhus, know that in the world there is a type of 'pudgala' (person) born into a wealthy family, such as a great family of Kshatriyas (kshatriya, warrior caste), (content as above) this is called light. Relying on this light, they perform excellent deeds with their body, excellent deeds with their speech, and excellent deeds with their mind. Due to these excellent deeds, they transcend and ascend to good realms and are born in the heavens. Know that such a 'pudgala' (person) is like someone who goes from platform to platform, from seat to seat, from palanquin to palanquin, abandons a horse to ride a horse, abandons an elephant to ride an elephant, and goes from palace to palace. One who, relying on a wealthy and noble body, performs excellent deeds is also like this. This is called a 'pudgala' (person) who goes from light to light.' As the World-Honored One said: 'Those who are poor and destitute, lack faith and are full of anger and resentment, are miserly and greedy, delight in doing evil, and are fond of delusion and wrong views.' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 。 见沙门梵志， 具戒多闻者， 不恭敬呵毁， 言我无可施。 毁施受施具， 彼死生随业， 堕恶趣地狱， 是从闇趣闇。 诸有贫贱人， 有信无瞋忿， 具惭愧正见， 乐施离悭贪。 见沙门梵志， 具戒多闻者， 欢喜而迎奉， 等供养恭敬。 赞施受施具， 彼死生随业， 升善趣天处， 是从闇趣明。 诸有富贵人， 无信有瞋忿， 悭贪乐作恶， 好妄想邪见。 见沙门梵志， 具戒多闻者， 不恭敬呵毁， 言我无可施。 毁施受施具， 彼死生随业， 堕恶趣地狱， 是从明趣闇。 诸有富贵人， 有信无瞋忿， 具惭愧正见， 乐施离悭贪。 见沙门梵志， 具戒多闻者， 欢喜而迎奉， 等供养恭敬。 赞施受施具， 彼死生随业， 升善趣天处， 是从明趣明。”
Chinese
自苦等四补特伽罗者，一、有补特伽罗自苦自勤苦非苦他非勤苦他；二、有补特伽罗苦他勤苦他非自苦非自勤苦；三、有补特伽罗自苦自勤苦亦苦他勤苦他；四、有补特伽罗非自苦非自勤苦亦非苦他非勤苦他。云何自苦自勤苦非苦他非勤苦他补特伽罗？答：如世尊说：苾刍当知，世有一类补特伽罗，受持苦行恶自存活，露 现代汉语译本 看见沙门（Śramaṇa，出家修行者）和梵志（Brāhmaṇa，婆罗门）， 具备戒律且博学多闻的人， 不恭敬他们，还加以呵斥毁谤， 说：‘我没有什么可以布施的。’ 毁谤布施的行为和接受布施的器具， 这些人死后会随着自己的业力， 堕入恶趣和地狱之中， 这是从黑暗走向黑暗。 那些贫穷困苦的人， 有信心，没有嗔恨和忿怒， 具备惭愧心和正确的见解， 乐于布施，远离悭吝和贪婪。 看见沙门（Śramaṇa，出家修行者）和梵志（Brāhmaṇa，婆罗门）， 具备戒律且博学多闻的人， 欢喜地迎接和供奉他们， 平等地供养和恭敬他们。 赞叹布施的行为和接受布施的器具， 这些人死后会随着自己的业力， 升到善趣和天界之中， 这是从黑暗走向光明。 那些富有尊贵的人， 没有信心，充满嗔恨和忿怒， 悭吝贪婪，喜欢作恶， 爱好妄想和邪恶的见解。 看见沙门（Śramaṇa，出家修行者）和梵志（Brāhmaṇa，婆罗门）， 具备戒律且博学多闻的人， 不恭敬他们，还加以呵斥毁谤， 说：‘我没有什么可以布施的。’ 毁谤布施的行为和接受布施的器具， 这些人死后会随着自己的业力， 堕入恶趣和地狱之中， 这是从光明走向黑暗。 那些富有尊贵的人， 有信心，没有嗔恨和忿怒， 具备惭愧心和正确的见解， 乐于布施，远离悭吝和贪婪。 看见沙门（Śramaṇa，出家修行者）和梵志（Brāhmaṇa，婆罗门）， 具备戒律且博学多闻的人， 欢喜地迎接和供奉他们， 平等地供养和恭敬他们。 赞叹布施的行为和接受布施的器具， 这些人死后会随着自己的业力， 升到善趣和天界之中， 这是从光明走向光明。 关于自我折磨等四种补特伽罗（Pudgala，人）：第一种补特伽罗（Pudgala，人）是自己折磨自己，自己勤奋苦修，但不折磨他人，也不让他人勤奋苦修；第二种补特伽罗（Pudgala，人）是折磨他人，让他人勤奋苦修，但不折磨自己，也不让自己勤奋苦修；第三种补特伽罗（Pudgala，人）是自己折磨自己，自己勤奋苦修，也折磨他人，也让他人勤奋苦修；第四种补特伽罗（Pudgala，人）是不折磨自己，也不让自己勤奋苦修，也不折磨他人，也不让他人勤奋苦修。什么是自己折磨自己，自己勤奋苦修，但不折磨他人，也不让他人勤奋苦修的补特伽罗（Pudgala，人）呢？回答：正如世尊（Śākyamuni，释迦牟尼）所说：比丘（Bhiksu，出家男众）们应当知道，世上有一类补特伽罗（Pudgala，人），受持苦行，以恶劣的方式维持生命，露天而...