English
English version: To praise oneself and conceal the good deeds of others, causing others to be slandered, is a Pārājika (fundamental transgression) for a Bodhisattva. 'If a Buddha-son! Being stingy oneself, instigating others to be stingy, due to the cause of stinginess, the condition of stinginess, the method of stinginess, the action of stinginess. And when a Bodhisattva sees all poor people coming to beg, they should give whatever the person needs. But if a Bodhisattva, with an evil mind and an angry mind, does not give even a penny, a needle, or a blade of grass, and does not speak a single sentence, a single verse, or a particle of Dharma to those who seek it, but instead scolds and insults them, this is a Pārājika for a Bodhisattva.' 'If a Buddha-son! Being angry oneself, instigating others to be angry, due to the cause of anger, the condition of anger, the method of anger, the action of anger. And a Bodhisattva should generate good roots among all sentient beings, engage in matters without conflict, and always have a compassionate heart. But instead, towards all sentient beings, and even towards non-sentient beings, they use abusive language to scold and insult, adding physical blows, and even using knives and sticks, their anger still not subsiding. Even if the other person seeks repentance and apologizes with kind words, they still remain angry and unforgiving, this is a Pārājika for a Bodhisattva.' 'If a Buddha-son! Slandering the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha) oneself, instigating others to slander the Three Jewels, due to the cause of slander, the condition of slander, the method of slander, the action of slander. And when a Bodhisattva hears a single word of slander against the Buddha from heretics or evil people, it is as painful as three hundred spears piercing their heart. How much more so if they themselves utter slander, do not generate faith and filial piety, but instead help evil people and those with wrong views to slander, this is a Pārājika for a Bodhisattva.' 'Virtuous learners! These are the ten Prātimokṣa (fundamental precepts) of a Bodhisattva, which should be learned. Among them, one should not violate even one, even as small as a dust particle, let alone fully violate all ten precepts. If someone violates them, they cannot generate Bodhicitta (the mind of enlightenment) in this life, and they will also lose the position of a king, the position of a Chakravartin (wheel-turning king), and they will also lose the position of a Bhikṣu (monk), a Bhikṣuṇī (nun), and they will also lose the ten stages of developing aspiration, the ten stages of growth, the ten Vajra stages, the ten Bhūmi (grounds) of Buddhahood, the wonderful fruit of permanent abiding, all will be lost. They will fall into the three evil realms (hell, hungry ghost, animal), and for two or three kalpas (eons) they will not hear the names of their parents and the Three Jewels. Therefore, one should not violate any of the precepts. All of you Bodhisattvas are now learning, should be learning, and have already learned, these ten precepts should be upheld with reverence. The eighty thousand rules of conduct will be explained in detail in the chapter on 'Dignified Conduct.' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
佛告诸菩萨言：“已说十波罗提木叉竟，四十八轻今当说。” 佛言：“若佛子！欲受国王位时、受转轮王位时、百官受位时，应先受菩萨戒。一切鬼神救护王身、百官之身，诸佛欢喜。既得戒已，生孝顺心、恭敬心，见上座、和上、阿阇梨、大同学、同见同行者，应起承迎礼拜问讯。而菩萨反生憍心、慢心、痴心，不起承迎礼拜，一一不如法供养，以自卖身国城男女七宝百物而供给之。若不尔者，犯轻垢罪。 “若佛子！故饮酒而生酒过失无量。若自身手过酒器与人饮酒者，五百世无手，何况自饮。不得教一切人饮，及一切众生饮酒，况自饮酒。若故自饮、教人饮者，犯轻垢罪。 “若佛子！故食肉。一切肉不得食，断大慈悲性种子，一切众生见而舍去，是故一切菩萨不得食一切众生肉，食肉得无量罪。若故食者，犯轻垢罪。 “若佛子！不得食五辛：大蒜、革葱、慈葱、兰葱、兴蕖。是五种，一切食中不得食。若故食者，犯轻垢罪。 “若佛子！见一切众生犯八戒、五戒、十戒，毁禁、七逆八难一切犯戒罪，应教忏悔。而菩萨不教忏悔，共住同僧利养，而共布萨同一众住说戒，而不举其罪教悔过者，犯轻垢罪。 “若佛子！见大乘法师、大乘同学、同见同行，来入僧 现代汉语译本 佛陀告诉诸位菩萨说：‘我已经讲完了十条波罗提木叉（Pratimoksha，戒律），现在应当讲四十八条轻戒。’ 佛说：‘如果佛子想要接受国王的王位时、接受转轮王的王位时、百官接受官位时，应该先受菩萨戒。一切鬼神都会救护国王之身、百官之身，诸佛也会欢喜。既然得到了戒律，就应该生起孝顺心、恭敬心，见到上座、和尚（He Shang，指戒师或住持）、阿阇梨（Acharya，导师）、大学同学、同见同行的人，应该起身迎接、礼拜问候。但是菩萨反而生起骄傲心、傲慢心、愚痴心，不肯起身迎接礼拜，不按照佛法供养，甚至用出卖自身、国家城池、男女、七宝百物来供给自己。如果不这样做，就犯了轻垢罪。 ‘如果佛子，明知故犯地饮酒，饮酒会产生无量的过失。如果亲手递酒器给别人饮酒，就会五百世没有手，更何况是自己饮酒。不得教唆任何人饮酒，以及一切众生饮酒，更何况自己饮酒。如果明知故犯地自己饮酒、教唆别人饮酒，就犯了轻垢罪。 ‘如果佛子，明知故犯地吃肉。一切肉都不得食用，因为会断绝大慈悲的种子，一切众生见了都会舍弃远离。因此一切菩萨都不得食用一切众生的肉，吃肉会得到无量的罪过。如果明知故犯地吃肉，就犯了轻垢罪。 ‘如果佛子，不得食用五辛：大蒜、革葱、慈葱、兰葱、兴蕖（Xing Qu）。这五种东西，在一切食物中都不得食用。如果明知故犯地食用，就犯了轻垢罪。 ‘如果佛子，见到一切众生犯八戒、五戒、十戒，毁坏禁戒、犯七逆罪、八难等一切犯戒的罪过，应该教导他们忏悔。但是菩萨不教导他们忏悔，与他们共同居住在僧团中，接受供养，一起参加布萨（Pu Sa，一种佛教仪式），在同一处住所说戒，却不揭发他们的罪过，教导他们悔改，就犯了轻垢罪。 ‘如果佛子，见到大乘法师、大乘同学、同见同行的人，来到僧团中
English
English version The Buddha told the Bodhisattvas: 'I have already spoken about the ten Pratimokshas (Pratimoksha, precepts), now I shall speak about the forty-eight minor precepts.' The Buddha said: 'If a son of the Buddha wishes to receive the position of king, the position of a Chakravartin king, or when the hundred officials receive their positions, they should first receive the Bodhisattva precepts. All ghosts and spirits will protect the king's body and the bodies of the hundred officials, and all Buddhas will rejoice. Having received the precepts, they should generate filial piety and respect. When they see senior monks, He Shang (He Shang, refers to the preceptor or abbot), Acharyas (Acharya, teacher), fellow students, those with the same views and practices, they should rise to greet them, bow, and inquire after their well-being. However, if a Bodhisattva instead generates pride, arrogance, and ignorance, refuses to rise to greet them, bow, and does not provide offerings according to the Dharma, even to the point of selling themselves, their country, cities, men and women, the seven treasures, and hundreds of items to provide for themselves, if they do not do so, they commit a minor offense.' 'If a son of the Buddha knowingly drinks alcohol, the faults of drinking alcohol are immeasurable. If one personally hands a drinking vessel to another, they will be without hands for five hundred lifetimes, let alone drinking themselves. One must not teach anyone to drink, nor any sentient being to drink alcohol, let alone drink it oneself. If one knowingly drinks oneself or teaches others to drink, one commits a minor offense.' 'If a son of the Buddha knowingly eats meat. All meat must not be eaten, as it cuts off the seeds of great compassion. All sentient beings will see and abandon them. Therefore, all Bodhisattvas must not eat the meat of any sentient being. Eating meat incurs immeasurable offenses. If one knowingly eats it, one commits a minor offense.' 'If a son of the Buddha must not eat the five pungent plants: garlic, scallions, chives, leeks, and Xing Qu (Xing Qu). These five types must not be eaten in any food. If one knowingly eats them, one commits a minor offense.' 'If a son of the Buddha sees all sentient beings violating the eight precepts, five precepts, ten precepts, breaking prohibitions, committing the seven heinous crimes, the eight difficulties, and all offenses against the precepts, they should teach them to repent. However, if a Bodhisattva does not teach them to repent, lives with them in the Sangha, receives offerings, participates in the Uposatha (Pu Sa, a Buddhist ceremony) together, speaks the precepts in the same residence, but does not expose their offenses and teach them to repent, they commit a minor offense.' 'If a son of the Buddha sees a Mahayana Dharma master, a Mahayana fellow student, someone with the same views and practices, entering the Sangha' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
坊舍宅城邑。若百里千里来者，即起迎来送去、礼拜供养。日日三时供养，日食三两金，百味饮食床座医药供事法师，一切所须尽给与之。常请法师三时说法，日日三时礼拜，不生瞋心、患恼之心，为法灭身请法不懈。若不尔者，犯轻垢罪。 “若佛子！一切处有讲毗尼经律，大宅舍中讲法处，是新学菩萨应持经律卷至法师所听受咨问。若山林树下、僧地房中，一切说法处悉至听受。若不至彼听受者，犯轻垢罪。 “若佛子！心背大乘，常住经律言非佛说，而受持二乘声闻、外道恶见、一切禁戒邪见经律者，犯轻垢罪。 “若佛子！见一切疾病人，常应供养如佛无异，八福田中看病福田第一福田。若父母师僧弟子疾病，诸根不具、百种病苦恼，皆养令差。而菩萨以恶心瞋恨，不至僧房中，城邑旷野山林道路中，见病不救者，犯轻垢罪。 “若佛子！不得畜一切刀杖弓箭鉾斧斗战之具，及恶网罗杀生之器，一切不得畜。而菩萨乃至杀父母尚不加报，况余一切众生。若故畜一切刀杖者，犯轻垢罪。如是十戒，应当学敬心奉持。下六品中当广明。” 佛言：“佛子！不得为利养恶心故，通国使命军阵合会，兴师相伐杀无量众生。而菩萨不得入军中往来，况故作国贼。若故作者，犯轻垢罪。 现代汉语译本 房屋住宅城镇乡村，如果有人从百里千里之外前来，就应该起身迎接，恭敬送别，礼拜供养。每天三个时辰供养，每天供给三两黄金，各种美味饮食、床铺座位、医药用品来供养法师，一切所需都尽量给予。经常请法师三个时辰说法，每天三个时辰礼拜，不生起嗔恨心、烦恼之心，为了求法不惜牺牲生命，请法不懈怠。如果不是这样，就犯了轻垢罪。 ‘如果佛弟子！在任何地方有讲说毗尼（Vinaya，戒律）经律的地方，或者在大的宅舍中讲法的地方，新学的菩萨应该拿着经律书卷到法师那里听受请教。如果在山林树下、僧众居住的房中，一切说法的地方都要去听受。如果不去这些地方听受，就犯了轻垢罪。’ ‘如果佛弟子！内心背离大乘佛法，经常执着于经律，说不是佛所说，而受持二乘声闻乘、外道邪恶见解、一切禁戒邪见的经律，就犯了轻垢罪。’ ‘如果佛弟子！见到一切生病的人，经常应该像供养佛一样供养他们，在八种福田中，看护病人是第一福田。如果父母、师父、僧人、弟子生病，诸根不全、遭受各种病痛折磨，都要照顾他们直到痊愈。而菩萨如果以恶毒的心、嗔恨心，不去僧房中，不去城镇乡村、旷野山林、道路中，见到病人不救助，就犯了轻垢罪。’ ‘如果佛弟子！不得储存一切刀、杖、弓箭、长矛、斧头等战斗的器具，以及恶毒的网罗等杀生的工具，一切都不得储存。而菩萨乃至杀害父母尚且不报复，何况是其他一切众生。如果故意储存一切刀杖，就犯了轻垢罪。这十条戒律，应当学习，以恭敬心奉行。下六品中将详细说明。’ 佛说：‘佛弟子！不得为了贪图利养，以恶毒的心，传递国家之间的命令，参与军队阵营的集会，发动战争互相攻打，杀害无量众生。而菩萨不得进入军队中往来，何况是故意做国家的叛徒。如果故意这样做，就犯了轻垢罪。
English
English version In houses, residences, towns, and villages, if someone comes from a hundred or a thousand miles away, one should rise to greet them, respectfully see them off, and offer them reverence and support. One should provide offerings three times a day, supplying three taels of gold daily, along with various delicacies, beds, seats, and medicines to support the Dharma master, providing everything they need. One should frequently invite the Dharma master to expound the Dharma three times a day, and offer reverence three times a day, without generating anger or vexation. One should sacrifice one's life for the sake of seeking the Dharma, and be tireless in requesting the Dharma. If one does not do so, one commits a minor offense. ‘If a Buddha-son! Wherever there are lectures on the Vinaya (discipline) scriptures, or places in large residences where the Dharma is expounded, newly learning Bodhisattvas should bring their scripture volumes to the Dharma master to listen, receive, and inquire. Whether it is under trees in forests, or in monastic dwellings, one should go to all places where the Dharma is expounded to listen and receive. If one does not go to these places to listen and receive, one commits a minor offense.’ ‘If a Buddha-son! One's mind turns away from the Mahayana (Great Vehicle), constantly clinging to the scriptures and saying they are not spoken by the Buddha, and instead upholds the scriptures of the Two Vehicles (Śrāvakayāna and Pratyekabuddhayāna), the evil views of externalists, and all precepts and heretical views, one commits a minor offense.’ ‘If a Buddha-son! Upon seeing all sick people, one should always offer support as if they were the Buddha, for among the eight fields of merit, caring for the sick is the foremost field of merit. If parents, teachers, Sangha members, or disciples are sick, have incomplete faculties, or suffer from various illnesses, one should care for them until they recover. But if a Bodhisattva, with an evil and hateful mind, does not go to monastic dwellings, towns, villages, wildernesses, forests, or roads, and does not help the sick, one commits a minor offense.’ ‘If a Buddha-son! One must not store any knives, staffs, bows, arrows, spears, axes, or other implements of battle, nor any evil nets or other instruments for killing living beings. One must not store any of these. Even if one's parents were killed, a Bodhisattva would not retaliate, let alone harm other living beings. If one intentionally stores any knives or staffs, one commits a minor offense. These ten precepts should be learned and respectfully upheld. They will be explained in detail in the following six sections.’ The Buddha said: ‘Buddha-sons! One must not, for the sake of profit and with an evil mind, transmit national orders, participate in military gatherings, incite wars, or attack each other, killing countless beings. A Bodhisattva must not enter military camps or travel back and forth, let alone intentionally become a traitor to the country. If one intentionally does so, one commits a minor offense.’ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------