English
There are seventy-five thousand 'ma'. Dividing that by one thousand six hundred and twenty sidereal hours, the result becomes the extent of one local hour. That is, two hundred and thirty-one *dpag tshad* (Sanskrit: योजना, Roman: yojana, meaning: league), one *rgyang grags* (Sanskrit: क्रोश, Roman: krośa, meaning: krosha), one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one bow-lengths, three *khru* (cubits), nine *sor* (fingers), and a little more than six *nas* (barleycorns). Dividing that number of *dpag tshad*, etc., by sixty, the area of one local *chu srang* (minute) is three *dpag tshad*, three *rgyang grags*, eight hundred and eighty-four bow-lengths, one *mtho gang* (span), six *sor*, and a little more than seven *nas*. Dividing that by six as before, the area of one local *dbugs* (breath) is two *rgyang grags*, one thousand one hundred and forty-four bow-lengths, three *sor*, and a little more than one *nas*. Dividing that as before by *bug mkha' mig bug yid* (hole, space, eye, hole, mind), the extent of each hole, etc., in a region is three *sor*, and a little more than two *nas*. Therefore, of the two, the former, that is, the hours, minutes, and breaths of time, are real names, while the latter, that is, the hours, minutes, and breaths of a region, are named because they are associated with time, and are nominal hours, etc., and not real. The parts of both time and space are parts or branches, that is, named with real names. The third is the summary: Thus, a brief explanation has been given of the preliminary part of initially entering numbers and diagrams. Why? For the benefit of children. From 'The Mirror of Calculation, Sunlight', the chapter explaining the order of preliminaries, that is, the commentary on the first chapter. The chapter is summarized here.