Chinese
更不必说下方的感受了。因此，另外两个恶趣在第一品中已经详细阐述，考虑到重复讲述会成为教法的过失，所以这里只说了章节的标题。但在广释中，我会像《亲友书》所说的那样去做。同样在那部经文中说，共同和个别的两种痛苦中的第一种是：即使是饿鬼，也因欲望的匮乏，所产生的痛苦持续不断无法改变，饥渴寒热劳累和恐惧，所产生的痛苦极其难忍需要忍受。简而言之，就共同的方面来说，即使是生为饿鬼的众生，也因欲望的匮乏而产生痛苦。时间是持续不断的。没有办法阻止的是无法改变的。他们因极度饥饿、口渴以及寒热不均而受苦。总是为了寻找食物和饮料而奔波劳累，并且因看到许多刽子手追赶而感到恐惧和害怕，这些所产生的痛苦也极其难忍需要忍受。这是总结。第二，讲述个别的痛苦，有内在障碍的是：如前所说，有些饿鬼的嘴只有针眼那么大，肚子却像山一样大，因饥饿而受苦。即使找到一点点不干净的排泄物，也没有能力去吃。也就是说，有些饿鬼的嘴只有针眼那么大，所以肚子像山一样大，为了食物而受饥饿的折磨。即使找到一点点不干净的排泄物，也因为嘴巴太小而没有能力吃。被食物和饮料遮蔽的是：有些饿鬼每晚嘴里都会燃烧火焰，吃的是落入燃烧的嘴里的热沙。有些饿鬼每晚嘴里都会燃烧火焰，吃的是落入燃烧的嘴里的具有燃烧性质的热沙。具有共同障碍的是：有些饿鬼皮包骨头，赤身裸体，就像干枯的棕榈树顶。有些饿鬼皮和骨头之间没有肉，身体瘦弱，赤身裸体，就像干枯的棕榈树顶。特别是那些被称为劣种或贱民，是福报极小的人：有些贱民是脓。
English
What need is there to mention the sufferings below? It is said. Since the other two lower realms have already been explained in detail in the first chapter, considering that repeating the explanation would be a fault of the Dharma, only the chapter headings are mentioned here. However, in the extensive commentary, I will do as the "Letter to a Friend" says. The same scripture also says that the first of the two common and individual sufferings is: Even ghosts, due to the lack of desire, the suffering that arises is continuous and cannot be changed, hunger, thirst, cold, heat, fatigue, and fear, the suffering that arises is extremely unbearable and must be endured. In short, in general terms, even beings born as ghosts suffer due to the lack of desire. The time is continuous. What cannot be stopped is unchangeable. They suffer from extreme hunger, thirst, and uneven cold and heat. They are always tired from running around in search of food and drink, and they feel fear and dread from seeing many executioners chasing them, and the suffering caused by these is also extremely unbearable and must be endured. This is the summary. Second, to explain the individual sufferings, those with internal obscurations are: As mentioned earlier, some ghosts have mouths as small as the eye of a needle, but their stomachs are as big as a mountain, and they suffer from hunger. Even if they find a little bit of unclean excrement, they do not have the ability to eat it. That is to say, some ghosts have mouths as small as the eye of a needle, so their stomachs are as big as a mountain, and they are tormented by hunger for food. Even if they find a little bit of unclean excrement, they do not have the ability to eat it because their mouths are too small. Those obscured by food and drink are: Some ghosts burn flames from their mouths every night, and they eat hot sand that falls into their burning mouths. Some ghosts burn flames from their mouths every night, and they eat hot sand that falls into their burning mouths, which has a burning nature. Those with common obscurations are: Some ghosts are skin and bones, naked, like a withered palm tree top. Some ghosts have no flesh between their skin and bones, and their bodies are thin and naked, like a withered palm tree top. In particular, those called inferior or outcastes are the ultimate in small merit: Some outcastes are pus.
Chinese
以及粪便等不净之物也找不到。互相在脸上涂抹污物，从喉咙里，脓疮成熟流出脓液。有些饿鬼民众是找不到的。哪里还用说有什么好的食物呢？脓和粪便，以及血等不净之物也找不到。由于愤怒的驱使，从腿上拔出棍子，互相在脸上涂抹并互相殴打。从喉咙里脓疮成熟流出的脓液滴入腹中，除此之外不寻找其他食物。外在障碍者是：对于饿鬼们来说，在热季，月亮也热，冬季太阳也冷。这些树木变得没有果实，仅仅是看一眼，河流也会干涸。对于饿鬼们来说，冷热颠倒，在热季月亮也热，冬季太阳也冷而感到痛苦。树木的果实丰盛也变得看不见，仅仅是看一眼，具有八支功德的河流也会一滴不剩地干涸。还有在空中游荡的饿鬼是腐烂的身体和僵尸，以及疯癫者、交换者、夜叉、食肉者、食肉鬼、吸精鬼、夺取生命者、压制星宿者。罗刹、凶神、土地神等属于鬼类。从微小的记忆中：凡是伤害孩子们的，用阴茎诱惑的那些，吃他们排泄物的，腐烂的身体就会产生。等等，由于贪欲和吝啬的过失，死后会转生为饿鬼。对此稍作解释，对于一个地方的显现，由于六道众生各自业力的差别，会显现出六种不同的景象。也就是说，由于善恶业力的差别，会显现出各种各样的好坏景象。例如，对于同一个显现，由于低劣的业力会显现为脓血，中等的业力会显现为水，优良的业力会显现为甘露。在这里，不阐述同一个事物显现出不同景象的原因，是因为这与经教和理证相违背。经中说：事物虽一，心念各异。 也就是说，这与对同一个事物显现出六种景象的说法相违背，并且对于水这种显现，存在六种不同的物质，这也受到了显现可能但未被观察到的妨碍。如果说业力互相遮蔽
English
and also cannot find impure things like feces. They smear each other's faces with filth, and from their throats, pus flows from ripening boils. Some of the hungry ghost people cannot be found. Where is there any mention of good food? Pus and feces, and also impure things like blood cannot be found. Driven by anger, they pull out sticks from their legs and smear each other's faces and beat each other. Pus from ripening boils flows from their throats into their stomachs, and they do not seek other food besides that. Those with external obscurations are: For the hungry ghosts, in the hot season, the moon is also hot, and in the winter the sun is cold. These trees become fruitless, and just by looking at them, the rivers dry up. For the hungry ghosts, hot and cold are reversed, in the hot season the moon is hot, and in the winter the sun is cold and they suffer. The abundant fruits of the trees also become invisible, and just by looking at them, the rivers with eight qualities dry up completely, leaving not a single drop. Also, the hungry ghosts that roam in the sky are decaying bodies and zombies, as well as madmen, exchangers, yakshas, flesh-eaters, shadow oppressors, desiccators, star oppressors. Rakshasas, fierce gods, local deities, etc., belong to the class of spirits. From small memories: Whoever harms children, those who seduce with their penises, those who eat their excrement, decaying bodies will be born. And so on, due to the faults of greed and stinginess, they will be reborn as hungry ghosts after death. To explain this a little, for the appearance of a place, due to the differences in the karma of the six types of beings, six different appearances will manifest. That is, due to the differences in good and bad karma, various good and bad appearances will manifest. For example, for the same appearance, due to inferior karma it will appear as pus and blood, medium karma will appear as water, and excellent karma will appear as nectar. Here, the reason for not explaining the different appearances of the same thing is that it contradicts both scripture and reason. The sutra says: "One thing, minds are different." That is, this contradicts the statement that six appearances manifest for the same thing, and for the appearance of water, there are six different substances, which is also hindered by the possibility of appearance but not being observed. If karma obscures each other
Chinese
如果说看不见，那就太过分了。对于一个人来说，当敌人和朋友都在看的时候，即使存在喜欢和不喜欢两种情况，也不能说两者都看不见彼此，因为彼此被业力所遮蔽。如果这样说，你又会怎么说呢？ 此外，《入行论》中说：“水流入河，饿鬼脓血，总之如所知无，智亦无，应知此义。”请思考一下，引用这个例子的目的是什么？如果像你所说，例子和意义不一致，而且太阳也有黑暗的成分，这与经部所说：“当太阳的轮廓显现时，就没有黑暗的地方，也无法察觉。”相违背。光明和黑暗不能同时存在，因为它们是相互对立的。 如果这样认为，那么事物与心识并非截然不同的真实存在，因此，不要将一个事物显现为不同的认知对象，为什么要设立六种事物自性呢？说事物本身不存在也是虚假的。 《入行论》中说：“谁造铁烧地？此等火聚何所生？如是彼等一切皆，是罪心所作佛说。”甚至连这些都没有听说过吗？这种显现是非常愚蠢的，怎么会让人稍微倾听呢？ 关于畜生，也有共同和个别两种情况。首先，《亲友书》中说：“畜生之生处，亦有杀缚打等种种苦，舍弃寂静善法者，一食一食极可怖。”因此，第三，即使在畜生的生存之处也没有安乐。其中两种情况的分散是：无论是否被占有，都会因为人和非人的伤害而遭受各种痛苦，如杀戮、束缚和殴打。对于那些舍弃了寂静涅槃之因——善法，也就是不适合作为法器的畜生来说。另一种沉溺之处是：居住在海洋等地方，大的吞噬小的，小的刺穿大的，互相吞食等，具有极其可怕的异熟果报。第二种情况也如前所述：有些是为了珍珠、羊毛、骨头、肉和皮革的
English
If you say they can't see each other, that's too extreme. For one person, when both enemies and friends are looking, even if there are two aspects of like and dislike, it's not possible that both can't see each other, because they are obscured by karma. If you say that, what would you say? Furthermore, in the *Entering the Path of the Bodhisattva*, it says, "Water flows into the river, pus and blood for hungry ghosts, in short, just as there is no object of knowledge, so too there is no mind; you should understand this meaning." Please consider, what is the purpose of quoting this example? If, as you say, the example and the meaning are not consistent, and the sun also has elements of darkness, this contradicts what is said in the sutras: "When the orb of the sun appears, there is no place for darkness, nor is it perceived." Light and darkness cannot coexist because they are mutually opposed. If that is your view, then things are not truly different from the mind, so instead of positing one thing appearing as different objects of cognition, why not posit six kinds of things? Saying that things do not exist in their own right is also false. In the *Entering the Path of the Bodhisattva*, it says, "Who made the iron-scorched earth? From what did these masses of fire arise? All such things, the Buddha said, are the work of sinful minds." Haven't you even heard of this? Such a manifestation is extremely foolish, how could it even be slightly listened to? Regarding animals, there are also two kinds, general and specific. First, in the *Letter to a Friend*, it says, "Even in the birth place of animals, there are various sufferings such as killing, binding, and beating; for those who have abandoned peaceful virtue, one eats the other, which is extremely unbearable." Therefore, third, even in the place of animal existence there is no happiness. The scattering of the two situations is: whether or not they are possessed, they experience various sufferings due to harm done by humans and non-humans, such as killing, binding, and beating. For those who have abandoned the cause of attaining peaceful nirvana—virtue, that is, animals who are not suitable as vessels. The other place of immersion is: residing in the great ocean, etc., where the big swallows the small and the small pierces the big, eating each other, etc., possessing extremely unbearable ripening results. The second situation is also as before: some are for pearls, wool, bones, meat, and leather.
Chinese
特意杀害。（并且）无力自主的其他众生，用脚、用手，以及用铁和铁钩刺打役使。所谓的“有些”是分别连接的，为了得到珍珠而捕捞鱼类，为了得到羊毛而宰杀绵羊等等，为了得到骨头而宰杀大象等等，为了得到肉而猎杀野兽等等，为了得到皮革而杀害老虎、豹子等等，以及无力自主的，用脚役使马等等，用手刺打役使水牛，用铁役使驴子，用铁钩役使大象等等，那些刺打者刺打它们，役使它们做各种事情，感受痛苦。如是等等。同样，龙族也有转变的痛苦，（龙的）头越多，所产生的痛苦就越多。有些龙遭受冰雹的袭击，有些不被自己的族群接纳，有些面临鹏鸟的恐惧，有些面临咒语的恐惧，普遍来说都处于愚昧之中，寿命也不确定。鹏鸟中的化生者会吞食所有四种龙族：卵生、胎生、湿生、化生。其中，卵生龙族会吞食同类的卵生龙。胎生龙族会吞食胎生和卵生两种龙。湿生龙族会吞食除化生龙之外的其他三种龙。因此，劝诫要努力寻求避免转生的方法，如经中所说：“因此”等等。为了避免遭受如此巨大的痛苦，如果不迅速阻止这无尽的轮回，就像山谷中的野兽之光爆发一样，痛苦的波涛喧嚣不止，即使获得了胜过天神的财富和身体，如同水泡堆积一样，也终将崩塌，并在轮回的痛苦荒原中反复漂泊。如果向这边看，认为获得高位就万事大吉，这也是不合理的，因此劝诫说：“无色”等等。无色界的禅定，因为是不记业，穷尽后醒来的状态会成为来世的因，即使是梵天等色界果报巨大的众生，在死亡时，也会因为先前禅定的业力耗尽，而堕落到更低的境界，感受转变的痛苦。梵天、帝释天、转轮王等等的统治权，也如同云间的太阳一样，是白业的果报。