Chinese
说看到饿鬼在外面游荡。在那里投生是由于贪恋和吝啬的行为，以及做了中等的恶业的果报。在《正念安住经》中说：‘嫉妒吝啬心极重，不畏惧财物不布施，不守护戒律的人，会变成饿鬼，遭受饥渴之苦。’这样说过。详细的在《正念安住经》中说饿鬼有三十六种。他们有三十六种不同的痛苦。又在《金刚句》中说：‘旁生愚痴。’以及，其注释由大悲尊亲自所说：‘同样，旁生是非常愚蠢和痴迷的。’如果详细解释所说的意义：在《近念经》中说：‘旁生互相吞食。’以及，导师世亲说：‘旁生互相憎恨和杀害生命，无有自主地被杀等等，总是被痛苦所折磨，大多和地狱一样。’以及，在《亲友书》中说：‘即使在畜生的出生地，也有杀戮、捆绑和殴打等各种痛苦，对于舍弃寂静的善行的人们来说，互相吞食的痛苦是难以忍受的。有些人为了珍珠、羊毛、骨头、肉和皮而死去。无有自主的其他众生，被锋利的武器和铁钩击打和殴打着役使。’以及，邬金仁波切说：‘旁生也有简略的四种，从轭木山以上没有日月。在洲际之间居住的旁生，比夏季的阳光尘埃还要多。看不到自己的身体，自己的肉被自己吃掉。有堕入悬崖和瀑布的痛苦。第二种是居住在外海中的，像酒糟和蜜蜂的数量一样多，大的吃小的，互相残杀，有刽子手的痛苦。第三是庇护。
English
It is said that hungry ghosts are seen wandering outside. Being born there is the result of actions of attachment and miserliness, and having done medium non-virtuous deeds. In the Sutra of Mindfulness, it says: 'Those who are very jealous and miserly, who do not fear possessions and do not give alms, who do not keep the precepts, will become hungry ghosts and suffer from hunger and thirst.' It is said like that. In detail, in the Sutra of Mindfulness, it says that there are thirty-six types of hungry ghosts. They have thirty-six different sufferings. Also, in the Vajra Verse, it says: 'Animals are foolish.' And, its commentary, spoken by the Great Compassionate One himself, says: 'Likewise, animals are very foolish and deluded.' If the meaning of what is said is explained in detail: In the Near Mindfulness Sutra, it says: 'Animals eat each other.' And, the teacher Vasubandhu said: 'Animals hate each other and kill each other's lives, being killed without autonomy, etc., are always tormented by suffering, mostly like hells.' And, in the Letter to a Friend, it says: 'Even in the birthplace of animals, there are various sufferings such as killing, binding, and beating. For those who abandon peaceful virtues, the suffering of eating each other is unbearable. Some die for the sake of pearls, wool, bones, meat, and skin. Other beings without autonomy are struck and beaten with sharp weapons and iron hooks and used as servants.' And, Orgyen Rinpoche said: 'Animals also have four brief types, from Yoke Wood Mountain upwards, there is no sun or moon. The animals that live between the continents are more numerous than the dust of the summer sun. They cannot see their own bodies, their own flesh is eaten by themselves. There is the suffering of falling into cliffs and waterfalls. The second type is those who live in the outer ocean, as numerous as the lees of wine and bees, the big ones eat the small ones, they kill each other, there is the suffering of executioners. The third is shelter.