English
' A rule or aphorism. A verse expressed in brief and technical language, — a very favourite form among the Hindus of embodying and transmitting rules. 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SU-YAHU. A Rakshasa, son of Taraka. He was killed by Rama. SU-YELA. One of the three peaks of the mountain Tri- kii/a, on the midmost of which the city of Lanka was built. SU-Y0DHA:N'A. ' Fair fighter.' A name of Dur-yodliana. S WAD HA. 'Oblation,' Daughter of Daksha and Prasuti according to one statement, and of Agni according to another. She is connected with the Pitr/s or Manes, and is represented as wife of Kavi or of one class of Pitr/s, and as mother of others. SWAHA. 'Offering.' Daughter of Daksha and Prasuti. She was wife of Yahni or Fire, or of AbhimanT, one of the Agnis. ^SWA-PHALKA. Husband of Gandini and father of Akrura. He was a man of great sanctity of character, and where " he dwelt famine, plague, death, and other visitations were un- known." His presence once brought rain to the kingdom of Ka5i-raja, where it was much wanted. SWAR. See Yyah?-iti. SWARGA. The heaven of Indra, the abode of the inferior gods and of beatified mortals, supposed to be situated on Mount Meru. It is called also Sairibha, Misraka-vana, Tavisha, Tri- divam, Tri-pish/apam, and Urdhwa-loka. ISTames of heaven or 2:)aradise in general are also used for it. SWAR-LOKA See Loka. SWAROCHISHA. Is^ame of the second Manu. See Manu. SWASTIKA. A mystical religious mark placed upon per- sons or things. It is in the form of a Greek cross with the ends bent round '^pfi SWAYAM-BHU. ' The self-existent' A name of Brahma, the creator. SWAYAM-BHUVA—SYAMANTAKA. 315 SWAYAM-BHUVA. A name of the first Manu (q.v.). aSWETA-DWIPA. ' The white island or continent' Colonel "VVilford attempted to identify it with Britain. /S'WETA-KETU. A sage who, according to the Maha-bharata, put a stop to the practice of married women consorting with other men, especially with Brahmans. His indignation was aroused at seeing a Brahman take his mother by the hand and invite her to go away with him. The husband saw this, and told his son that there was no ground of offence, for the practice had prevailed from time immemorial. /S'weta-ketu would not tolerate it, and introduced the rule by which a wife is forbidden to have intercourse with another man unless specially appointed by her husband to raise up seed to him. S"\yETA6'WATAEA. An Upanishad attached to the Yajur- veda. It is one of the most modern. Translated by Dr. Koer for the Bibliotheca Indica. aSYALA. ' A brother-in-law.' A Yadava prince who in- sulted the sage Gargya, and was the cause of his becoming the father of Kala-yavana, a great foe of Krisll?^a and the Yadava family. iS'YAMA. 'The black.' A name of diva's consort. See Pevi. SYAMANTAKA. A celebrated gem given by the sun to Satrajita. " It yielded daily eight loads of gold, and dispelled all fear of portents, wild beasts, fire, robbers, and famine." But though it was an inexhaustible source of good to the virtuous wearer, it was deadly to a wicked one. Satrajita being afraid that Krish?2a would take it from him, gave it to his own brother, Prasena, but he, being a bad man, was killed by a lion, Jam- bavat, king of the bears, killed the lion and carried off the gem, but K?'zsh?ia, after a long conflict, took it from him, and restored it to Satrajita. Afterwards Satrajita was killed in his sleep by /S'ata-dlianwan, who carried off the gem. Being pursued by K?"ish?2a and Bala-rama, he gave the gem to Akriira and con- tinued his flight, but he was overtaken and killed by Kn*sh?ia alone. As K7*ish?ia did not bring back the jewel, Bala-rama suspected that he had secreted it, and consequently he upbraided him and parted from him, declaring that he would not be im- posed upon by perjuries. Akriira subsequently produced the gem, and it was claimed by K7'/sh7za, Bala-rama, and Satya- 3i6 SYAVASWA—TALAJANGHA. bhaina. After some contention it was decided that Akrura should keep it, and so " he moved about like the sun wearing a garland of light." aSYAYAaSWA. Son of Archananas. Both were Yedic itisliis. In a hymn he says, " /SasiyasI has given me cattle, comprising horses and cows and hundreds of sheep." The story told in explanation is that Ai^chananas, having seen the daughter of Raja Rathaviti, asked her in marriage for his son /S'yavaswa. The king was inclined to consent, but the queen objected that no daughter of their house had ever been given to any one less saintly than a Rklii. To qualify himself /S'yavaswa engaged in austerities and begged alms. Among others, he begged of >S'asI- yasl, wife of Raja Taranta. She took him to her husband, with whose permission she gave him a herd of cattle and costly orna- ments. The Raja also gave him whatever he asked for, and sent him on to his younger brother, Purumlllia. On his way he met the Maruts, and lauded them in a hymn, for which they made him a itishi. He then returned to Rathaviti, and received his daughter to wife. TA7)AKA. See Taraka. TAITTIRIYA. This term is applied to the Sanliita of the Black Yajur-veda. {See Yeda.) It is also applied to a Brah- ma7ia, to an Ara7^yaka, to an Upanishad, and a Pratisakhya of the same Yeda. All these are printed, or are in course of print- ing, in the Bibliotheca Inclica, and of the last there is a transla- tion in that serial. TAKSHA, TAKSHAKA. Son of Bharata, and nephew of Rama-chandra. The sovereign of Gandhara, who resided at and probably founded Taksha-5lla or Taxila, in the Pt^njab. TAKSHAKA. ' One who cuts off; a carpenter.' A name of Yi.swa-karma. A serpent, son of Kadru, and chief of snakes. TAKSHA-zSlLA. A city of the Gandharas, situated in the Panjab, It w^as the residence of Taksha, son of Bharata and nephew of Rama-chandra, and jDerhaps took its name from him. It is the Taxila of Ptolemy and other classical writers. Arrian describes it as " a large and wealthy city, and the most populous between the Indus and Ilydaspes.