English
[605-608] What is that form which is the sphere of smell ? The nose, that is to say the sentient organ, ^ derived from the four Great Phenomena, forming part of the nature of the self, invisible and reacting, — (a) by which nose, invisible and reacting, one has smelt, smells, will, or may smell odour that is invisible and impingeing ; — (b) against which nose, invisible and reacting, odour that is invisible and impingeing, has impinged, impinges, will, or may impinge ; — ^ On the omission of ' a guide,' etc., see p. 175, n. 4. 2 This is situated ' inside the cavity of the aggregate nasal organism, in appearance like a goat's hoof.' (Asl. 310). Cf. Hardy, loc. cit. Probably the hoof is imagined as re- garded from below. 12—2 180 (c) which nose, invisible and reacting, has impinged, impinges, will, or may impinge on odour that is invisible and impingeing ; — {d) depending on which nose, in consequence of an odour . . . depending on which nose, and having an odour as its object, there has arisen, arises, will, or may arise olfactory contact, and, depending on which nose, in consequence of an odour . . . depending on which nose, and having an odour as its object, there has arisen, arises, will or may arise, born of that olfactory contact, a feeling . . . [or] a perception . . . [or] thinking . . . [or] olfactory cognition ; — this that is smell, the sphere, the constituent element, the faculty, of smell, this that is * a world,' etc. [continue as in § 604]. [609-612] What is that form which is the sphere of taste ? The tongue, that is to say the sentient organ,^ derived from the four Great Phenomena, forming part of the nature of the self, invisible and reacting ; — (a) by which tongue, invisible and reacting, one has tasted, tastes, will, or may taste sapids that are invisible and impingeing ; — (b) against which tongue, invisible and reacting, sapids that are invisible and impingeing, have impinged, impinge, will, or may impinge ; — (c) which tongue, invisible and reacting, has impinged, ^ This is situated ' above the middle of the aggregate gustatory organism, in appearance like the upper side of the leaf of a lotus.' (Asl., ibid.) Cf. Hardy, loc. cit. The palate apparently was not included in the gustatory apparatus. 181 impinges, will, or may impinge on sapids that are invisible- and impingeing ; — (d) depending on which tongue, in consequence of a sapid . . . depending on which tongue, and having a' sapid as its object, there has arisen, arises, will, or may arise gustatory contact, and depending on which tongue, in consequence of a sapid . . . depending on which tongue, and having a sapid as its object, there has arisen, arises, will, or may arise, born of that gustatory contact, a feeling . . . [or] a perception ... [or] thinking ... [or] gustatory cognition ; — this that is taste, the sphere, the constituent element, the faculty of taste, this that is ' a world,' etc. [continue as in § 604]. [613-616] What is that form which is the sphere of body [-sensibility] ? The body, that is to say the sentient organ, ^ derived ^ The sphere of kayo— so runs the comment (AsL 311) — is diffused over the whole bodily form just as oil pervades an entire cotton rag. With the exception of this quality of relatively undifferentiated organ, the sense is co-ordinate with the other senses. To the objection that, if the sensitive surface be indeed so general it would convey confused im- pressions, it is counter-asserted that, if it were not so general, tactile impressions could not be adequately differ- entiated. Strictly speaking the body- sense is both every- where and not everywhere. Not everywhere to the extent of being in things as seen or as tasted. We cannot segre- gate and analyze sensations as w^e can grains of sand, and hence qualities are said to coalesce in the object. Never- theless each mode of sense conveys its specific messages. — Such seems to me the substance of what I have clothed to a slight extent in terms of Western psychology. The Com- 182 from the four Great Phenomena, forming part of the nature of the self, invisible and reacting ; — (a) by which body-sensibility, invisible and reacting, one has touched, touches, will, or may touch the tangible that is invisible and impingeing ; — (b) against which body-sensibility, invisible and reacting, the tangible, which is invisible and impingeing, has im- pinged, impinges, will, or may impinge ; — (c) which body- sensibility, invisible and reacting, has impinged, impinges, will, or may impinge on the tangible that is invisible and impingeing ; — (d) depending on which body- sensibility, in consequence of something tangible . . . depending on which body- sensibility, and having something tangible as its object, there has arisen, arises, will, or may arise tactile contact,^ and depending on which body- sensibility, in consequence of something tangible . . . depending on which body-sensi- bility, and having something tangible as its object, there has arisen, arises, will, or may arise, born of that tactile contact, a feeling . . . [or] a perception . . . [or] thinking ... [or] tactile cognition ; — '^ this that is body - sensibility, the sphere, constituent element, faculty of body- sensibility, this that is ' a world,' etc. [continue as in § 604]. mentary is of course tentative and groping, as elsewhere in its theory of sense ; yet it must not be forgotten that it was not till about fifty years ago that Ernst Weber's ' Der Tastsinn und das Gemeingefiihl ' appeared, containing the positive results of a comparison of different skin-areas from the standpoint of their varying ability to convey clear or vague tactile impressions. ^ Literally, body-contact. 2 Literally, cognition of body, so rendered in § 443 seq. 188 [617] What is that form which is the sphere of [visible] form ? The form which, derived from the great principles, is visible under the appearance of colour and produces impact^ — is blue,^ yellow, red,^ white, black,^ crimson,^ bronze,^ green-coloured,^ of the hue of the mango- bud ;^ is long, short,^ big, little, circular, oval, square, hexagonal, octagonal, hekkaidecagonal ; low, high, shady, glowing, light, dim, dull, frosty,^^ smoky, dusty ; like in colour to the ^ Sappatigham, here paraphrased as producing ( j a n a - kam) reaction and impact. Asl. 317. ^ Compared to the ummapuppham, or flax-blossom. Cf. my remark on nilam above, under § 246. Here the term is illustrated by an azure flower, such as we ourselves might quote as a type of blue. And yet even here the wide range and indefiniteness of the word find expression. For according to Bothl. and Eoth, on the authority of Hema- chandra, uma is applied to night. ^ Like the blossom of Pterospermum acerifolium and Pentapetro plioenicea respectively (ibid.). I give these on Childers' authority. * Like the morning star and charcoal respectively (ibid.). ^ Like the reddish buds of the Vitex negiuido and kanavira trees {ibid.). ^ Hari, omitted in the text, but given in K. and the Cy. {ibid.). ' Whereas, in the verse Harittacahemavann am kamam sumukkhapa- kama, hari is spoken of as golden (suvannam), by its being elsewhere taken in conjunction with coined gold (jataru- pam), it is here meant as dark (samam)' {ibid.). Cf. Jat. V. 216, sama ti suvanna-sama. '' The colour of green grass {ibid.). ^ K. and the Cy. read ambankuravannam. ^ See my Introduction, on ' long,' short, as only indirectly objects of sight. ' The foregoing seven visibles are set forth without reference to any base (vatthu) ; the follow- ing according to common usage ' {ibid.). ^^ Paraphrased as cloudy and as him am — which may be frosty, snowy or dewy — respectively. As the allusion is only to lustre-contrast, the sparkle of hoar-frost is probably implied. 184 disc of moon,^ sun, stars, a mirror,^ a gem, a shell, a pearl, a cat's eye,^ gold^ or silver ;^ or whatever other form there is which, derived from the four Great Phenomena, is visible and productive of impact — form which, visible and pro- ductive of impact, one has seen, sees, will, or may see with the eye that is invisible and reacting — this which is visible form, this which is the sphere of visible form, the constituent element of visible form — this is that form which is the sphere of visible form. [618] What is that form which is the sphere of visible form ?