English
Thus, the rule of vowel sandhi is completed. Feminine Gender Now feminine words are explained. A feminine word ending in 'a' is not established. A feminine word ending in 'ā' is the word 'kaññā'. When 'kaññā' stands – 176. The suffix 'ā' for the feminine. The suffix 'ā' comes after a stem ending in 'a' when it is in the feminine gender. Feminine suffixes like 'sī' etc. indicate the meaning of the base; 'ṇā' etc. are expressive of the meaning of the suffix, and also of their own meaning. When the preceding vowel is elided by "vowel elision" etc., and the subsequent (vowel) is brought forward, because it is said that "a stem is a meaningful unit devoid of root, suffix, and ending," and because even that which ends in a suffix is not a stem (in the strict sense), when the production of case endings is not attained, by the inclusion of 'vā' (or) in "taddhita, samāsa, kitaka are nouns, or in 'tā', 'vetu', etc.," the designation of 'noun' is given even to that which ends in a feminine suffix. The production of 'sī' etc. (case endings) is as before. The 'sī' is elided by "elision of 'sī' etc. from the rest." That maiden. In the plural, from "in vocative, 'sī' is 'gha'," 'designation' is carried over, and from "those feminine (words) are 'pa'," 'feminine designation' is carried over. 177. 'Ā' is 'gha'. When the 'ā' ending of a stem is feminine, then it becomes designated as 'gha'; when it is 'gha'-designated, the 'yo' (plural ending) is optionally elided by "elision of 'yo' from 'gha' and 'pa'." Those maidens. In the vocative, from "from 'sa', 'gha' becomes 'e' optionally," 'of gha' is carried over. 178. And from 'gha'. To the 'sī' (vocative singular) after 'gha', 'e' is made, with vowel elision etc. O maiden, O maidens. In the 'aṃ' (accusative singular), with vowel elision and natural state, maiden, maidens. In the third (case) etc., from "for the dative singular, 'āya' is made," 'āya' and 'of singulars' are carried over. 179. From 'gha' for 'nā' etc. From the 'ā' of a 'gha'-designated stem, for the subsequent singular case endings 'nā' etc. up to 'smiṃ', 'āya' is substituted. Vowel elision and bringing forward (of subsequent vowel) occur. By/for/from/of a maiden, by/from maidens, for/from/of a maiden, of maidens, for/from/of a maiden, by/from maidens, for/from/of a maiden, of maidens. In the 'smiṃ' (locative singular) – 180. From 'gha' and 'pa', 'sm' or which. Whatever happens to the *smiṃ* ending after *ghapa*, or a substitution elsewhere. In the maiden, for the maiden, among maidens. Thus also others – Faith, wisdom, insight, knowledge, Thought, counsel, lute, craving; Desire, fainting, trembling, illusion, Loving-kindness, measure, training, alms. Leg, neck, tongue, speech, Shadow, hope, Ganges, boat; Verse, army, writing, hall, Garland, time, worship, play. Thirst, feeling, perception, volition, craving, offspring; Deity, quail, iguana, crane, assembly, gathering. Louse, night-jasmine, Lanka, stick, sand, crest; Visakha, street, branch, speech, barren, matted hair, pot. Eldest, trunk, sophistry, and, compassion, woman, creeper; Story, sleep, nectar, Radha, impression, sissoo tree, water-stall. Light, boundary, patience, wife, Noblewoman, sugar, liquor; Swing, balance, stone, play, Saliva, cardamom, girdle, art. Mare, Alambusa (nymph), mouse, casket, holy basil, direction; Nose, moonlight, cave, effort, lymph, earth, etc. For *ammā*, etc., there is just a difference in form in the vocative. Mother (vocative singular), mothers (vocative plural). When 'e' is obtained for 'ga' by "ghate ca" – 181. Not from *ammā*, etc. For the vocative singular 'ga' following *ammā*, *annā*, etc., there is no 'e' sound. Or the 'ā' becomes short by "ākāro vā". Lady mother, lady mother; ladies mothers. Thus *annā*, *annā* (voc. sg.), *annāyo* (voc. pl.); lady *anna*, lady *annā*; ladies *annā* (voc. pl.). *Ambā*, *ambā* (voc. sg.), *ambāyo* (voc. pl.); lady *amba*, lady *ambā*; ladies *ambā* (voc. pl.), etc. Ending in 'ā'. The word *ratti* (night), ending in 'i', of feminine gender; Just so, the origin of *sya*, etc., elision of 'si', *ratti*. In the plural, the rules "saññā, ivaṇṇuvaṇṇā" also apply. 182. Those feminine nouns are 'po'. The designation of a feminine noun is *itthikhyā*. When those 'i' and 'u' endings of a gender are *itthikhyā*, then they become 'pa' designation. In the 'pa' designation, the 'ya' is elided by "ghapato ca", etc. The vowel is lengthened by "yosu kata", etc. *Rattī*, *rattiyo*, or *ratyo*. O night, O nights, O nights. The *niggahīta* (ṃ) by "aṃmo", etc., *rattiṃ*, *rattī*, *rattiyo*; In the third case, etc., singular "nānaṃ, nādīnaṃ" is also said. 183. Pato yā. For nouns ending in 'i' and 'u', for the singular forms of the vibhatti groups, 'yā' is substituted. Rattiyā, rattīhi, rattībhi, rattihi, rattibhi, rattiyā, rattīnaṃ, rattinaṃ. In the fifth case – 184. Amā pato smiṃsmānaṃ vā. From these, for 'smiṃ' and 'smā', 'aṃ' and 'ā' are substituted respectively, optionally. This 'vā' word indicates a fixed option, so it does not occur for 'u'-ending words, and for 'i'-ending words, it occurs as appropriate. "Sare, yakāro" is also said, and also the taking of 'yo' and 'ekavacana' by the lion-frog method. 185. Pasaññassa ca. For a noun ending in 'i', when a vowel follows the 'yo' and 'ekavacana' vibhattī, 'yakāro' is substituted. Here, because 'yakāro' is the only one in authority, 'pasañña' refers only to 'i'-ending words. The 'ca' is for preventing it in cases like "ratto" etc. Ratyā, rattiyā, rattīhi, rattībhi, rattihi, rattibhi, rattiyā, rattīnaṃ, rattinaṃ. In the 'smiṃ' case, 'aṃ' and 'yakāro' substitutions: ratyaṃ. "Ghapato smiṃ yaṃ vā" for 'yaṃ' substitution: rattiyaṃ. Elsewhere, "aṃ, smiṃ, vā" is also said. 186. Ādito o ca. From 'ādi', for the 'smiṃ' case, 'aṃ' and 'o' are substituted optionally. By 'ca', from others too, 'ā', 'aṃ', 'o' are substituted. Ratyā, rattiṃ, ratto, rattiyā, rattīsu, rattisu. Similarly, others too – Patti, yutti, vutti, kitti, Mutti, titti, khanti, kanti; Santi, tanti, siddhi, suddhi, Iddhi, vuddhi, buddhi, bodhi. Bhūmi, jāti, pīti, sūti, Nandi, sandhi, sāṇi, koṭi; Diṭṭhi, vuḍḍhi, tuṭṭhi, yaṭṭhi, Pāḷi, āḷi, nāḷi, keḷi; Sati, mati, gati, cuti, Dhiti, yuvati, vikati. Rati, ruci, rasmi, asani, vasani, osadhi, aṅguli, dhūli, dundubhi, doṇi, aṭavi, chavi, etc., are 'i'-ending nouns. 'I'-ending. 'Ī'-ending feminine noun 'itthī'; "Ittha" here, "itthiyaṃ, paccayo" is also said. 187. Nadādito vā ī. From 'nadādi' or 'anadādi', the 'ī' suffix occurs for a gender that is feminine. The 'vā' word is for 'anadād'. for the purpose of collection, therefore from *puthugava* and so on, *ī*. In vowel elision, by "sometimes when a dissimilar vowel is elided," when a dissimilar vowel is present, the natural state is a nominal designation, and the *syādi* endings arise. *Itthī*, *itthī* (by "the *a* becomes short" and so on, it becomes short), *itthiyo*. In vocative, by "the *jha*, *la*, *pa* become short," it becomes short. O woman, O women, O women. In the accusative singular, from "from *gha* and *pa* to *smiṃ*, *yaṃ* or," the "or" continues. 188. *Aṃ* becomes *yaṃ* from *pasañña*. From *pasañña*, from the *ī* vowel, the following *aṃ* ending becomes *yaṃ* or. *Itthiyaṃ*, *itthiṃ*, *itthī*, *itthiyo*, *itthiyā*, *itthīhi*, *itthībhi*, *itthiyā*, *itthīnaṃ*, *itthiyā*, *itthīhi*, *itthībhi*, *itthiyā*, *itthīnaṃ*, *itthiyaṃ*, *itthiyā*, *itthīsu*. Thus *nadī*, *nadī*. In the absence of *yo* elision, by "then *yo* and *namo* and *tu*," here by the word *tu*, *yo* and *namo* also, and by "of *pasañña* also," the *ī* vowel becomes *ya*, and by "of *yava* and *ta* and *la* and *na*," the *dy* becomes *ja*, and doubling. Rivers flow, *nadiyo*. Here, the formation of *najjo* and so on, which are thus completed in usage, by taking *ānattā* and so on, is to be understood as showing another means of formation, like that of *atraja* and *sugata* and so on. O river, O river, O rivers, O rivers, In the river, the river, Rivers, rivers, rivers. In the *amādi* rule, by the separation of the rule "the *ā* falls," sometimes there is the shortening of the nasal, therefore, "not by birth is one an outcast," and "by sole sovereignty of the earth" and so on are completed, as before, the substitutions of *ya* and *ja* and doubling. Done by the river, by the river, By the rivers, by the rivers, Of the river, of the river, Of the rivers, Of the river, of the river, By the rivers, by the rivers, Of the river, of the river, Of the rivers, In the river, in the river, in the river, Among the rivers. Others too – Earth, Vetaraṇī, pond, Pāṭalī, plantain, pot; Woman, girl, young woman, Vāruṇī, brahmin woman, female friend. Gandhabba woman, Kinnara woman, Nāga woman, Goddess, Yakkha woman, she-goat, doe; She-monkey, sow, lioness, Goose, crow (female), and hen – These and others are like the word *itthī* (woman). Likewise, when the *ī* suffix is added to the word *mātula* (maternal uncle) – 189. Of *mātula* and so on, *ānattā* in the *ī* vowel. Of *mātula*, *ayyakavaruṇa* and so on, *an* it becomes 'āna' when the 'ī' suffix follows, the sixth case ending for the final part, with vowel elision and so on. Mātulānī, similarly Ayya-kānī, Varuṇānī, the rest is like feminine nouns. From the word 'puthu' in the 'anadādi' group, the 'ī' suffix. In "O before a vowel and so on", by the word 'ca', the 'u' becomes 'ava'. Puthavī, puthaviyo. In 'sasmā' and 'smiṃ' cases: puthabyā, puthaviyā, puthabyā, puthaviyā, puthabyaṃ, puthaviyaṃ, puthaviyā, and so on. From the word 'go', the 'ī' suffix by "from nadādi, optionally 'ī'". Or, by the great commentary, in "gāva se", by separating the rule as "gāva", the 'o' becomes 'āva'. Gāvī, gāvī, gāviyo, and so on, like feminine nouns. Here, in "Mānava", "in the feminine", "optionally", and "ī" apply. 190. From ṇava, ṇika, ṇeyya, ṇantu. The 'ī' suffix is added to words