English
Of vowels, a vowel is elided. Indeed, all vowels, when a vowel follows, undergo elision. Elision means non-appearance, non-pronunciation. Here, "vowels" indicates the elements to be acted upon. The plural here is to show the elision of many when each vowel follows. "Vowel" indicates the condition, and this is the locative of condition; by the power of the condition's presence, when there is a separation by a letter or time, the sandhi operation does not occur. "Elision" indicates the operation; this rule, however, should be understood as prescribing elision of the preceding, given that the elision of the following is prescribed later. Thus, in all cases where the locative is used, it is the preceding that is acted upon, not the following. "Voiceless, placed below" is also understood, stating the definition in a concise manner. 14. Carry the following, when appropriate. Indeed, a consonant without a vowel, placed below, should be carried to the following letter in an appropriate place. Here, the inclusion of "appropriate" is to prevent carrying of the niggahīta; thus, in cases like "akkocchi maṃ avadhi maṃ," there is no doubt about carrying the following. Lokaggapuggalo, paññindriyaṃ, tīṇimāni, nohetaṃ, bhikkhunovādo, mātupaṭṭhānaṃ, sametāyasmā, abhibhāyatanaṃ, dhanā matthi, sabbeva, tayassu dhammā, asantettha na dissanti. Yassa idāni, saññā iti, chāyā iva, kathā eva kā, iti api, assamaṇī asi, cakkhu indriyaṃ, akataññū asi, ākāse iva, te api, vande ahaṃ, so ahaṃ, cattāro ime, vasalo iti, moggallāno āsi bījako, pāto evātīdha, where preceding elision is due, the authority of "sare" (of vowels) applies; here, however, understanding "the case ending changes according to the meaning," and with "saro, saramhā, lopa" (a vowel, from a vowel, elision) being understood – 15. Or the following, if dissimilar. A vowel following a dissimilar vowel is optionally elided. "Sarūpa" means having the same form; "asarūpa" means not having the same form, i.e., dissimilar. Just as the prefix "ā" functions in two ways, indicating either a limit or an inclusion, so too the word "vā" functions in two ways: sometimes indicating an option, sometimes indicating a fixed, established form. Here, however, it is the latter. These, from that, permanent, impermanent, and non-existent; the word 'vā' here indicates the method. "Lead the other to what is fitting" means it should be led to the other. Yassadāni (whose now) is yassa idāni (whose now), saññāti (is perception) is saññā iti (perception thus), chāyāva (like a shadow) is chāyā iva (shadow like), kathāva (what talk) is kā kathā eva kā (what talk indeed what), itīpi (thus also) is iti api (thus also), assamaṇīsi (you are no recluse) is assamaṇī asi (no recluse you are). The eye faculty is always. Akataññūsi (you are ungrateful) is akataññū asi (ungrateful you are), ākāseva (like space) is ākāse iva (in space like), tepi (they also) is te api (they also), vandehaṃ (I salute) is vande ahaṃ (salute I), sohaṃ (I am he) is so ahaṃ (he I), cattārome (these four) is cattāro ime (four these), vasaloti (thus an outcast) is vasalo iti (outcast thus), moggallānosi bījako (Moggallāna you were a seed) is moggallāno āsi bījako (Moggallāna you were a seed), pātova (just at dawn) is pāto eva (dawn indeed). Here it does not occur – pañcindriyāni (five faculties), saddhindriyaṃ (faith faculty), sattuttamo (best of beings), ekūnavīsati (nineteen), yassete (whose these), sugatovādo (the well-gone's word), diṭṭhāsavo (whose defilements are seen), diṭṭhogho (whose flood is seen), cakkhāyatanaṃ (eye base), taṃ kutettha labbhā iccādi (how can that be obtained here, etc.). And it occurs by fixed option. From a vowel, the following vowel, except for 'dāni', 'iti', 'eva', and so on; is not elided, if it is long, and not followed by 'āseva' and so on. Like Bandhu, upekkhati, upeto, avecca, jineritaṃ, nopeti, candodayo, yathodake – thus here, when the preceding vowels are elided, and "the following, if dissimilar" applies, likewise, the taking of 'i-vowel' from "if the i-vowel is new", and the taking of 'u-vowel' from "for va, mo, du, danta", should be understood here by the lion's gait. 16. Sometimes, when elided, it becomes dissimilar. The following vowel, being an 'i' sound or an 'u' sound, when the preceding dissimilar vowel is elided, sometimes obtains dissimilarity. "There are no similar ones for these" means dissimilar, these are 'e' and 'o' vowels, there, by proximity of articulation, 'e' and 'o' vowels arise for 'i' and 'u' vowels. Bandhusseva, upekkhati, upeto, avecca, jineritaṃ, nopeti, candodayo, yathodake. What is meant by "sometimes"? Tatrime, yassindriyāni, mahiddhiko, sabbītiyo, tenupasaṅkami, lokuttaro. What is meant by "when elided"? Cha ime dhammā, yathā idaṃ, kusalassa upasampadā. What is meant by "dissimilar"? Cattārimāni, mātupaṭṭhānaṃ. And even though the word 'vā' (or) is taken below, because of the use of 'sometimes', only when the vowel is elided, it should be understood that the method stated here occurs. Therefore, here does not become – clinging to views, O Pāli of the five, soft faculty, who rules. Where the preceding vowels are elided – There this, recollection of the Buddha, with purpose, may he be wise, then I, whatever beings here, I go thus, gone beyond, like a hen, much help, honey water, well considered, whoever this, now I, if this, this one of little learning, by one another, faith here is wealth, support of kamma, such a simile, ceased at night, complete cessation. "Sometimes" is the heading, and "subsequent (vowel), when elided" also applies. 17. Lengthening. Indeed, the subsequent vowel, when the preceding vowel is elided, sometimes attains the state of being long; this is the lengthening of short vowels into their cognate long vowels due to proximity of articulation. There this, recollection of the Buddha, with purpose, may he be wise, then I, whatever beings here, I go thus, gone beyond, like a hen, much help, honey water, well considered, whoever this, now I, if this, this one of little learning, by one another, faith here is wealth, support of kamma, such a simile, ceased at night, complete cessation. What (is the purpose of) "sometimes"? Indeed, this body is not for long, what for this? these three, in the five aggregates of clinging, its meaning, having five parts, chief of sages, faculty of mindfulness, light place, I go, there this, O Pāli of the five, there is no other. What (is the purpose of) "when elided"? as this, king like Nimi, like a hen, well considered. Where the subsequent vowels are elided – of the world, thus, god, thus, they fall apart, they bend down, even the robe, even for the sake of life, like lightning, what wealth is here? good, thus. And "when elided, lengthening" also applies. 18. And the preceding (vowel). The preceding vowel, when the subsequent vowel is elided, sometimes attains lengthening. The particle "ca" (and) is for drawing in the terms "when elided" and "lengthening"; this is to indicate that "what is drawn in by 'ca' does not continue in subsequent rules." of the world, thus, god, thus, they fall apart, they bend down, even the robe, even for the sake of life, like lightning, what wealth is here? good, thus. What (is the purpose of) "sometimes"? now of whom, of him, thus, now. Nipi, tesupi, the eye faculty, what is this? This Dhamma has been attained by me, I am your son, they would be abandoned, I am on the mountain, those which would be here, when the former elision is reached – 19.When it is an edanta. In the place of a vowel ending in 'e', when a vowel follows, sometimes 'y' is substituted. This rule applies to words like akāremete, the form yanti yaṃ, 'e' is the end, edanta, it is substituted in the place of substitution, so it is ādeso. "In a consonant" is the heading, "long" is the long vowel. This Dhamma has been attained by me, I am your son, they would be abandoned, I am on the mountain, yyāssa. Why "sometimes"? Te nāgatā, puttā matthi. Why "ending"? Dhammacakkaṃ pavattento, damento cittaṃ. As much as his body, so much is his fathom, what is the meaning, but for him, I indeed today, this which, that would be, that indeed, from which the base, every half month, it follows, well come, well formed, ill formed, the eye's range, much illness, he made manifest, not indeed thus here – 20.Of vamodudanta. In the place of 'o' and 'u' endings, when a vowel follows, sometimes 'v' is substituted. This refers to the 'o' in words like ka kha ya ta. As much as his body, so much is his fathom, what is the meaning, but for him, I indeed today, this which, that would be, that indeed, from which the base, every half month, it follows, well come, well formed, ill formed, the eye's range, much illness, he made manifest, not indeed. Why "sometimes"? What is the meaning, but another, I who, he who, these four, welcome, good sirs, let it be. Why "ending"? Savanīyaṃ, viravanti. He would be of hospitable conduct, all experience is undergone, vi añjanaṃ, vi ākato, the river is near, thus here, by the frog's leap, "in dissimilar" is said. 21.I-vowel sometimes 'y'. The preceding i-vowel obtains 'y' when a dissimilar vowel follows, sometimes. 'I' is indeed the vowel, i-vowel, the word 'navā' is a synonym for 'kvaci'. He would be of hospitable conduct, all experience is undergone, byañjanaṃ, byākato, the river is near. no. What is "nava"? By five parts, those in oneself, I go, one who has given up, unagitated. What is "asarūpa"? Thus here, like fire, it is. When 'y' substitution is due in "ivaṇṇo yaṃ navā" and so on, for ati antaṃ, ati odātā, pati ayo, pati āharati, pati eti, iti assa, iti etaṃ, and so on, thus here – 22. All 'caṃ tī'. This is the taking of the sound 'ti' of ati, pati, iti. All this sound 'ti' when a vowel follows sometimes obtains the sound 'ca'. This rule is for the 'ti' that has not undergone 'y' substitution, from the designation 'tī'. Otherwise, the mention of 'kvaci' (sometimes)