English
Of 'catu' as a prefix, there is elision of 'tu', and 'cu', 'co', 'pi' are substituted for the initial letter of the following word, and 'navā'. Of 'catu' as a prefix, included in counting, there is elision of 'tu', and 'cu', 'co', 'pi' are substituted for the initial 'ka' of the following word, and 'navā'. Fourteen, fourteen, fourteen. By the inclusion of 'api', even for a word without a prefix, there is elision of the initial 'ka' and 'navā', and 'cu', 'co', 'pi' are substituted for 'ca'. Forty, forty, forty, forty. Those which are not formed are accomplished by irregular formation. Those words which are not indicated by rules, from letters, words, and syllables, from feminine, masculine, and neuter genders, from nouns, prefixes, and particles, from indeclinable compounds, compounds, derivatives, and verbs, from numbers, numerals, time, cases, usage, and names, from sandhi, natural state, वृद्धि (vuddhi), elision, augmentation, alteration, and inversion, and from case endings and divisions, these are accomplished by irregular formation. From 'dvi' and so on, 'ka' suffix, and in many meanings. From 'dvi' and so on, the 'ka' suffix occurs, and in many meanings, they are accomplished by irregular formation. Two of a hundred (is) two hundred, three of a hundred (is) three hundred, four of a hundred (is) four hundred, five of a hundred (is) five hundred. of a hundred, six hundred; of a hundred, seven hundred; of a hundred, eight hundred; of a hundred, nine hundred; of a hundred, ten hundred, which is a thousand. 393, 415. Ten tens are a hundred, a hundred tens are a thousand, and so on. A hundred of ten tens is a hundred, a hundred tens is a thousand, and so on for the numbers. A hundred, a thousand. For two and so on, and for the subsequent terms, they are formed in order. Two of a hundred (this is) two hundred, likewise three hundred, four hundred, five hundred, six hundred, seven hundred, eight hundred, nine hundred, ten hundred, which is a thousand. 394, 416. And up to ten times the next. And up to ten times the next of those numbers should be done. How is that? Making ten times of the number ten, it is a hundred; making ten times of a hundred, it is a thousand; making ten times of a thousand, it is ten thousand; making ten times of ten thousand, it is a hundred thousand; making ten times of a hundred thousand, it is ten hundred thousand; making ten times of ten hundred thousand, it is a koṭi; making a hundred times of a koṭi hundred thousand, it is a pakoṭi. Likewise, the rest should be combined. The particle "ca" is for specification. 395, 417. By their own names. But for those numbers whose names are not specified, they are formed by their own names. A hundred of hundred thousands is a koṭi, a hundred of koṭi hundred thousands is a pakoṭi, a hundred of pakoṭi hundred thousands is a koṭipakoṭi, a hundred of koṭipakoṭi hundred thousands is a nahutaṃ, a hundred of nahuta hundred thousands is a ninnahutaṃ, a hundred of ninnahuta hundred thousands is an akkhobhiṇī. Likewise, bindu, abbudaṃ, nirabbudaṃ, ahahaṃ, ababaṃ, aṭaṭaṃ, sogandhikaṃ, uppalaṃ, kumudaṃ, padumaṃ, puṇḍarikaṃ, kathānaṃ, mahākathānaṃ, asaṅkhyeyyaṃ. 396, 363. Deletion of ṇo for them. The ṇo of those suffixes undergoes deletion. The descendant of Gotama is Gotamo. Likewise. Vāsiṭṭha. Venateyya, laziness, health. 397, 420. And 'dhā' in division. And the suffix 'dhā' occurs in the sense of division. By one division, singly. Thus, doubly, trebly, fourfold, fivefold, sixfold. What is 'ca' for? The suffix 'so' occurs. By Sutta, by letter, by word. 398, 421. But 'thā' from all pronouns in the sense of manner. The suffix 'thā' occurs from all pronouns in the sense of expressing manner. That manner, thus. That manner, thus. By that manner, thus. For that manner, thus. From that manner, thus. Of that manner, thus. In that manner, thus. Thus, as, in every way, otherwise, in another way. What is the inclusion of 'tu' for? The suffix 'tthā' occurs. That manner, truly thus. Thus, truly as. Truly in every way, truly otherwise, truly in another way. 399, 422. 'Thaṃ' from 'kiṃ' and 'ima'. The suffix 'thaṃ' occurs from 'kiṃ' and 'ima' in the sense of expressing manner. What manner, how? What manner, how? By what manner, how? For what manner, how? From what manner, how? Of what manner, how? In what manner, how? This manner, thus. This manner, thus. By this manner, thus. For this manner, thus. From this manner, thus. Of this manner, thus. In this manner, thus. 400, 364. And of the initial vowel with vuddhi, or of that which does not end in a conjunct consonant, when 'saṇa' follows. Vuddhi occurs to the initial vowel, or to the vowel of the initial consonant of that which does not end in a conjunct consonant, when a suffix causing 'saṇa' follows. Ābhidhammika, Venateyya, Vāsiṭṭha, laziness, health. What is 'of that which does not end in a conjunct consonant' for? Bhaggava, Manteyya, Kunteyya. 401, 375. Substitution of 'i' and 'u' in their place. For 'i' and 'u' when they are initial, indeed vuddhi occurs. And in their place, 'e' and 'o' as vuddhi-substitutions occur. One who studies grammar, a grammarian. One who studies logic, a logician. A descendant of Byāvaccha, Veyyāvaccha. Appointed at the door, a doorkeeper. 402, 377. And 'ātta'. For 'i' and 'u', 'ātta' also occurs, and the augment 'ri' in place. The state of a sage, sagely state. The state of debt, state of debt. , the state of a bull is bull-like, the state of uprightness is uprightness, and so on should be applied. Why "yūnaṃ"? One born in the lower realms is an inhabitant of the lower realms. Why "ṭhāne"? Doubtful, leading to, illustrative, leading to a lower realm. 403, 354. Sometimes long and short vowels occur in the beginning, middle, and end, and in suffixes. Sometimes long and short vowels occur in the beginning, middle, and end, both in suffixes and non-suffixes. For example, a long vowel at the beginning: a wall, a barrier, a palace, manifest, the Pātimokkha, expected, and so on. For example, a long vowel in the middle: belonging to Aṅgamāgadha, belonging to a sheep, belonging to a cow, and so on. For example, a long vowel at the end: patience is the highest austerity, endurance; Aṅjanā mountain, Koṭara forest, a finger, and so on. For example, a short vowel at the beginning: how much more, and so on. For example, a short vowel in the middle: of good wisdom, with golden supports, and so on. For example, a short vowel at the end: he is called "bhovādi," he is of such a nature by virtue, and so on. Others should be applied in accordance with the words of the Conqueror. The particle "ca" (and) includes the meaning "and in non-suffixes." 404, 370. In these, there are lengthening, elision, insertion, alteration, inversion, and substitution. In these, in the beginning, middle, and end, in accordance with the words of the Conqueror, sometimes there is lengthening, sometimes there is elision, sometimes there is insertion, sometimes there is alteration, sometimes there is inversion, sometimes there is substitution. For example, lengthening at the beginning: Abhidhamma expert, son of Vinatā, and so on. For example, lengthening in the middle: comfortable sleep, giving that brings comfort, morality that brings comfort, and so on. For example, lengthening at the end: a person from Kalinga, a person from Magadha, those who directly perceive the Dhamma, and so on. For example, elision at the beginning: forty, and so on. For example, elision in the middle: desirous of doing, son of a potter, Vedalla, and so on. For example, elision at the end: monk, nun, and so on. For example, insertion at the beginning: spoken by the Blessed One, and so on. For example, insertion in the middle: endowed with morality, endowed with wisdom, and so on. For example, insertion at the end: Vedalla, and so on. For example, alteration at the beginning: nobility, ownership, bull-like, uprightness, and so on. For example, alteration in the middle: – varārisyaṃ, parārisyaṃ, and so on. Then, the Uttaravikāra is – yāni, tāni, sukhāni, and so on. Then, the Ādiviparīta is – uggate sūriye uggacchati, and so on. Then, the Majjheviparīta is – samuggacchati, samuggate sūriye, and so on. Then, the Uttaraviparīta is – digu, diguṇaṃ, and so on. Then, the Ādiādesa is – yūnaṃ, and so on. Then, the Majjheādesa is – nyāyogā, and so on. Then, the Uttaraādesa is – sabbaseyyo, sabbaseṭṭho, cittaṃ, and so on. Thus, it should be applied everywhere in accordance with the Buddha's words. 405, 365. Increase of Ayuvaṇṇa. A is the letter 'a', i ī is the vowel 'i', u ū is the vowel 'u'. For these 'a', 'i', 'u' vowels, ā, e, o are the increases respectively, and ā, ī, ū are also increases. Ābhidhammiko, venateyyo, oḷumpiko. Why is the term 'vuddhi' (increase) mentioned again? To indicate the increase of the latter part of the compound. Those who came from Aṅga and Magadha are Aṅgamāgadhikā. Those born in towns and countries are Negamajānapadā. Those born in eastern countries are Porimajānapadā. One appointed for a week is Sattāhikā. One appointed for four sciences is Cātuvijjikā. And so on, should be applied. What is the purpose of the word 'vuddhi'? For the initial vowel of a word, or for a non-conjunct ending, and in the case of 'saṇa'. Thus ends the eighth chapter, the Taddhita chapter, in the Nāmkappa. The Taddhita chapter is finished. 6. The Ākhyāta Chapter First Chapter (Ka) Having churned the ocean of verbs, whose waves are the present tense, Whose water is the roots, whose fish are the vikaraṇa, āgama, and kāla; Whose shore is the division of meaning by lopa and anubandha, The wise poets cross it with the ship of vast intellect. (Kha) This vast verbal sound, Adorned with various formations, completely, Having bowed to the Sambuddha, whose range is endless, Hear me speak of that which is of good range. (Ga) In the sense of authority, and auspiciousness,