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In this way, venerable sir, with four, or five, or six, or seven, or eight (monks), there is a schism-line, but not a schism. On one side, venerable sir, there are four; on the other side, four. A ninth makes the announcement, takes the voting sticks, "This is the Dhamma, this is the Vinaya, this is the Teacher's Dispensation. Take this, approve this." In this way, venerable sir, there is both a schism-line and a schism. In this way, venerable sir, there is a schism-line, but not a schism. And in this way, venerable sir, there is both a schism-line and a schism. Question: How far, friend, is the Sangha broken? Answer: Here, venerable sir, monks declare non-Dhamma as Dhamma, and so on. They, by these eighteen points, draw away, or draw away. They perform the Uposatha separately, perform the Pavāraṇā separately, perform Sangha acts separately. In this way, venerable sir, the Sangha is broken. Question: How far, friend, is the Sangha united? Answer: Here, venerable sir, monks declare non-Dhamma as non-Dhamma, declare Dhamma as Dhamma, declare non-Vinaya as non-Vinaya, ...and so on... declare a grave offense as a grave offense, declare a non-grave offense as a non-grave offense. They, by these eighteen points, do not draw away, do not draw away. They do not perform the Uposatha separately, do not perform the Pavāraṇā separately, do not perform Sangha acts separately. To this extent, venerable sir, the Sangha is united. Question: Having broken, friend, a united Sangha, what does one incur? Answer: A united... Indeed, venerable sir, having split the Sangha, one generates a fault lasting for an eon, one burns in hell for an eon. Question – Indeed, friend, having made the split Sangha harmonious, what does one generate? Answer – Indeed, venerable sir, having made the split Sangha harmonious, one generates sublime merit, one rejoices in heaven for an eon. Question – I will ask about the schism in the Sangha, with its origin, with its explanation. Friend, how many offenses are there concerning the highest positions? Answer – I will explain the schism in the Sangha, with its origin, with its explanation. Venerable sir, there are two offenses concerning the highest positions. 8. Chapter on Duties Question – Friend, where was the duty of visiting monks enjoined by the Blessed One? Concerning whom, and on what occasion, was it enjoined? Answer – Venerable sir, it was enjoined at Sāvatthī, concerning many visiting monks. Venerable sir, the visiting monks entered the monastery even with sandals on, they entered the monastery even holding parasols, they entered the monastery even with their heads covered, they entered the monastery even with their robes on their heads, they washed their feet even with drinking water, they did not greet the elder resident monks, nor did they ask about lodging. Venerable sir, on that occasion, [the Buddha said:] "Therefore, monks, I will enjoin the duty of visiting monks, how visiting monks should conduct themselves properly. Monks, a visiting monk, thinking 'Now I will enter the monastery,' should take off his sandals, put them down, shake them off, take them in hand, put away his parasol, uncover his head, put the robe from his head onto his shoulder, and enter the monastery carefully, without haste." Venerable sir, in this way, the duty of visiting monks was enjoined. Question – Friend, where was the duty of resident monks enjoined by the Blessed One? Concerning whom, and on what occasion, was it enjoined? And how was it enjoined? Answer – Venerable sir, it was enjoined at Sāvatthī, concerning many resident monks. Venerable sir, many resident monks, having seen visiting monks they did not prepare a seat, they did not set out water for the feet, a footstool, or a foot-towel, they did not go forth to meet and receive the bowl and robe, they did not prepare a lodging. Regarding that matter, venerable sir, regarding that matter— “Monks, by a resident monk, seeing an arriving monk who is senior, a seat should be prepared, water for the feet, a footstool, a foot-towel should be set out, going forth to meet, the bowl and robe should be received, he should be asked for water to drink.” In this way, venerable sir, the duty of resident monks was laid down by the Blessed One. Question: Friends, where was the duty of traveling monks laid down by the Blessed One? Regarding whom, in what matter, was it laid down? And how was it laid down? Answer: In Sāvatthī, venerable sir, regarding many traveling monks, it was laid down. Many traveling monks, venerable sir, without putting away wooden articles and earthen articles, having left doors and windows open, departed without asking permission for their lodging. Regarding that matter, venerable sir, “Monks, by a traveling monk, having put away wooden articles, having closed doors and windows, he should depart after asking permission for his lodging.” In this way, venerable sir, the duty of traveling monks was laid down by the Blessed One. Question: Friends, where was it permitted by the Blessed One to give thanks at the meal hall? Regarding whom, in what matter, was it permitted? Answer: In Sāvatthī, venerable sir, regarding many monks, it was permitted. Many monks, venerable sir, did not give thanks at the meal hall. Regarding that matter, venerable sir, it was permitted. Question: Friends, where was the duty of monks at the meal hall laid down by the Blessed One? Regarding whom, in what matter, was it laid down? Answer: In Sāvatthī, venerable sir, regarding the group of six monks, it was laid down. The group of six monks, venerable sir, went to the meal hall improperly dressed, improperly robed, lacking in proper conduct. Regarding that matter, venerable sir, if the time is announced in the monastery, one should cover the three circles, put on the lower robe evenly, tie the waist-band, make it firm, put on the outer robes, tie the knot, wash, take the bowl, and enter the village calmly, without hurry.” Thus, venerable sir, the meal-house duty is laid down. Question: Friends, where has the Blessed One laid down the lodging duty for bhikkhus? Concerning whom, in what matter, was it laid down? And how was it laid down? Answer: Venerable sir, it was laid down in Sāvatthī, concerning the group of six bhikkhus. Venerable sir, the group of six bhikkhus, while other bhikkhus were making robes in the open air, swept the lodging in the courtyard against the wind. Concerning that matter, venerable sir, it was laid down: “In whatever monastery one dwells, if that monastery is dirty, if one is able, it should be cleaned.” Thus, venerable sir, the lodging duty for bhikkhus was laid down by the Blessed One. Question: I will ask about the proper conduct, with its origin, with its explanation. Friends, how many offenses are there for the most serious cases? Answer: I will explain the proper conduct, with its origin, with its explanation. Venerable sir, there is one offense for the most serious cases. 9. The Chapter on the Suspension of the Pātimokkha Question: Friends, where has the Blessed One laid down that one with an offense should suspend the Pātimokkha while listening to it? Concerning whom, in what matter, was it laid down? Answer: Venerable sir, it was laid down in Sāvatthī, concerning a certain person who was immoral and of evil conduct. Venerable sir, a certain person who was immoral and of evil conduct was sitting in the midst of the Saṅgha on that Uposatha day. Concerning that matter, venerable sir, it was laid down. Question: Friends, I will ask about the suspension, with its origin, with its explanation. Friends, how many offenses are there for the most serious cases? Answer: I will explain the suspension, with its origin, with its explanation. Venerable sir, there is one offense for the most serious cases. 10. The Chapter on Bhikkhunīs Question: Friends, by how many grave rules Ordination by the Blessed One, where was it allowed? To whom was it allowed? And on what occasion was it allowed? Answer: In Vesālī, venerable sir, it was allowed for Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī. Venerable sir, Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī with swollen feet, with dusty body, sorrowful, dejected, with tearful face, weeping, stood at the outer gatehouse. Then, venerable sir, Venerable Ānanda, having asked Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī about that reason, implored the Blessed One four times for women to go forth from home to homelessness in the Dhamma and Vinaya proclaimed by the Tathāgata. On that occasion, venerable sir, it was allowed. Question: Friend, for monks to ordain nuns, where was it allowed by the Blessed One? Concerning whom, on what occasion was it allowed? Answer: In Vesālī, venerable sir, it was allowed concerning Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī. Venerable sir, Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī said this to the Blessed One: "How, venerable sir, should I proceed with these Sākiyan women?" On that occasion, venerable sir, it was allowed. Question: Friend, for one already ordained, having been purified in the Bhikkhunī Saṅgha, to be ordained in the Bhikkhu Saṅgha, where was it allowed by the Blessed One? Concerning whom, on what occasion was it allowed? Answer: In Sāvatthī, venerable sir, it was allowed concerning many monks. Venerable sir, many monks asked the nuns about the obstructing principles. The ordination candidates hesitated, became confused, were not able to answer. On that occasion, venerable sir, it was allowed. Question: I will ask about the Bhikkhunī Khandhaka, with its origin, with its explanation. Friend, how many offenses are there of the highest degree? Answer: I will answer about the Bhikkhunī Khandhaka, with its origin, with its explanation. Venerable sir, there are two offenses of the highest degree. 11. The Chapter of the Five Hundred The First Council Question: I will ask about the Pañcasatika, with its origin, with its explanation. Friend, how many offenses are there of the highest degree? Answer: The Pañcasatika...