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and according to the manner of performance. Answer: According to the day, venerable sir, there are three Uposathas. According to the individuals, venerable sir, there are three Uposathas. According to the manner of performance, venerable sir, there are three Uposathas. Question: How many Uposatha actions are there, friend? And among them, what kind of Uposatha action has been permitted by the Blessed One, and what kind has not been permitted? Answer: There are these four Uposatha actions, venerable sir: An Uposatha action that is not according to Dhamma and is divisive. An Uposatha action that is not according to Dhamma and is harmonious. An Uposatha action that is according to Dhamma and is divisive. An Uposatha action that is according to Dhamma and is harmonious. Among these, venerable sir, that which is an Uposatha action not according to Dhamma and divisive, that which is an Uposatha action not according to Dhamma and harmonious, that which is an Uposatha action according to Dhamma and divisive, such Uposatha actions, venerable sir, are not permitted. Among these, venerable sir, that which is an Uposatha action according to Dhamma and harmonious, such an Uposatha action, venerable sir, is permitted. Question: I will ask about the Uposatha, with its origin and its explanation. How many offenses, friend, are there concerning the elevated precepts? Answer: I will explain the Uposatha, with its origin and its explanation. There are three offenses, venerable sir, concerning the elevated precepts. 3. The Rains-residence Chapter Question: Where, friend, was the Rains-residence enjoined by the Blessed One? Concerning whom, and in what matter, was it enjoined? Answer: It was enjoined, venerable sir, concerning many bhikkhus in Rājagaha. Many bhikkhus, venerable sir, wandered on tour during winter, summer, and the rainy season. It was enjoined, venerable sir, in that matter. Question: How many Rains-residences, friend, were permitted by the Blessed One? Answer: These two Rains-residences, venerable sir, were permitted by the Blessed One: the early and the late. If the month of Āsāḷhī has passed, venerable sir, the early one should be undertaken. If the month of Āsāḷhī has gone by a month, venerable sir, the late one should be undertaken. These two Rains-residences, venerable sir, were permitted by the Blessed One. Question: Having undertaken the Rains-residence, friend, either the early three months Having completed the last three months, for one who sets out on a journey, where was the dukkata laid down? Concerning whom, on what occasion was it laid down? Answer – In Rājagaha, Venerable Sir, it was laid down concerning the group of six bhikkhus. The group of six bhikkhus, Venerable Sir, having entered the Rains Retreat, set out on a journey during the Rains. On that occasion, Venerable Sir, it was laid down. Question – Friend, for a seven-day task, to go when sent, where was it permitted by the Blessed One? Concerning whom, on what occasion was it permitted? Answer – In Sāvatthī, Venerable Sir, it was permitted concerning many bhikkhus. Many bhikkhus, Venerable Sir, did not go when sent by the lay follower Udena. On that occasion, Venerable Sir, it was permitted. Question – Friend, for a seven-day task, for seven (days), even if not sent, to go, where was it permitted by the Blessed One? Concerning whom, on what occasion was it permitted? Answer – In Sāvatthī, Venerable Sir, it was permitted on the occasion of a certain bhikkhu's sick mother. I permit, bhikkhus, for seven (days) for a seven-day task, to go even if not sent, how much more so if sent. Question – Friend, if there is some danger, to set out during the Rains, where was it permitted by the Blessed One? Concerning whom, on what occasion was it permitted? Answer – In Sāvatthī, Venerable Sir, it was permitted concerning many bhikkhus. Many bhikkhus, Venerable Sir, entered the Rains Retreat in the Kosala country. Having entered the Rains, they were harassed by wild animals. On that occasion, Venerable Sir, it was permitted. Question – Friend, in a tree hollow, or on a tree branch, or in the open air, for one entering the Rains Retreat, where was the dukkata laid down by the Blessed One? Concerning whom, on what occasion was it laid down? Answer – In Sāvatthī, Venerable Sir, it was laid down concerning many bhikkhus. Many bhikkhus, Venerable Sir, in a tree hollow, and on a tree branch, and in the open air, entered the Rains Retreat. On that occasion, Venerable Sir, it was laid down. Question: Friend, where was the offense of wrong-doing for one entering the rains retreat without a dwelling place laid down by the Blessed One? Concerning whom, and on what occasion, was it laid down? Answer: Indeed, venerable sir, it was laid down in Sāvatthī concerning many bhikkhus. Many bhikkhus, venerable sir, entered the rains retreat without a dwelling place. On that occasion, venerable sir, it was laid down. Question: Friend, where was the offense of wrong-doing for one entering the rains retreat in a corpse-hut, or under an umbrella, or in a pot, laid down by the Blessed One? Concerning whom, and on what occasion, was it laid down? Answer: Indeed, venerable sir, it was laid down in Sāvatthī concerning many bhikkhus. Many bhikkhus, venerable sir, entered the rains retreat in a corpse-hut, and under an umbrella, and in a pot. On that occasion, venerable sir, it was laid down. Question: Friend, where was the offense of wrong-doing for one breaking a promise laid down by the Blessed One? Concerning whom, and on what occasion, was it laid down? Answer: Venerable sir, it was laid down in Sāvatthī concerning the venerable Upananda the Sakyan. The venerable Upananda the Sakyan, venerable sir, having promised to stay for the rains retreat for King Pasenadi of Kosala, broke his promise. On that occasion, venerable sir, it was laid down. Question: I will ask about the entering of the rains, with its origin, with its explanation. Friend, how many offenses are there for the highest category? Answer: I will explain about the entering of the rains, with its origin, with its explanation. Venerable sir, there is one offense for the highest category. 4. The Chapter on Invitation Question: Friend, where was it laid down by the Blessed One that bhikkhus who have completed the rains retreat should invite (criticism) in three ways? Concerning whom, and on what occasion, was it laid down? Answer: Venerable sir, it was permitted in Sāvatthī concerning many bhikkhus. Many bhikkhus, venerable sir, being familiar and intimate, neither spoke nor conversed during the rains retreat. On that occasion, venerable sir, it was permitted. Monks, I permit bhikkhus who have completed the rains retreat in three ways... Come, make the invitation, whether by what has been seen, or by what has been heard, or by suspicion. Question – How many invitations, friend, are there by way of day, and by way of person, and by way of the manner of performance? Answer – By way of day, venerable sir, there are three invitations, and likewise by way of person and by way of the manner of performance. Question – For how many, friend, has the Blessed One permitted to make the invitation in the Sangha? And for how many, friend, has the Blessed One permitted to make the invitation to one another? Answer – For five monks, venerable sir, has the Blessed One permitted to make the invitation in the Sangha. Or for four, venerable sir, or for three, or for two, has it been permitted to make the invitation to one another. Question – And by one monk, friend, who has completed the rains retreat, how has the Blessed One permitted it to be practiced? Answer – And by one monk, venerable sir, has the Blessed One permitted that it should be resolved: "Today is my invitation." Question – I will ask about the invitation, with its origin, with its explanation. How many offenses, friend, are there in the categories of serious offenses? Answer – I will explain the invitation, with its origin, with its explanation. There are three offenses, venerable sir, in the categories of serious offenses. 5. The Chapter on Leather The Story of the Elder Sona Question – Where, friend, has the Blessed One permitted sandals? Concerning whom, in what matter, has it been permitted? Answer – In Rājagaha, venerable sir, it was permitted concerning the Venerable Soṇa. The feet of the Venerable Soṇa, venerable sir, who was walking with excessive effort, were broken. The walking path was covered with blood. In that matter, venerable sir, it was permitted. Question – For one wearing sandals, friend, that are entirely blue, or entirely yellow, or entirely red, or entirely madder-red, or entirely black, or entirely dyed with great dye, or entirely dyed with great name-dye, where, concerning whom, in what matter, has the Blessed One laid down an offense of wrong-doing? Answer – In Rājagaha, venerable sir, it was laid down concerning the group of six monks. The group of six monks, venerable sir, wore entirely blue sandals, entirely... They wore sandals entirely yellow, entirely red, entirely madder-red, entirely black, entirely dyed with great dye, entirely dyed with great name-dye. In that matter, venerable sir, it was laid down. Question – Where, friends, was a dukkaṭa laid down by the Blessed One for one who wears sandals bound with strips of hide, or bound with leather, or wrapped with straps, or stuffed with cotton, or like partridge feathers, or with ram's horn extensions, or with goat's horn extensions, or with scorpion-like patterns, or sewn with peacock feathers, or variegated? Concerning whom, in what matter, was it laid down? Answer – In Rājagaha, venerable sir, it was laid down concerning the group of six bhikkhus. The group of six bhikkhus, venerable sir, wore sandals bound with strips of hide, and sandals bound with leather, and sandals wrapped with straps, and sandals stuffed with cotton,