English
for the act of eating. This is the meaning. "Sixteen years old" is an indication, a statement that exists, thus "sixteen years old by indication," meaning "sixteen years old." In the three Vedas, etc.: in the three Vedas known as the Rigveda, Yajurveda, and Samaveda. Indeed, only three Vedas were made by righteous sages like Aṭṭhaka and others for the purpose of revealing the path to heaven for the world. Therefore, they are called by them. The Atharvaveda, however, was later made by unrighteous brahmins for the purpose of taking life, etc. And it should be understood that in the former three Vedas, the righteous branches were removed by those same people, and unrighteous branches that illuminate sacrifices and killings, etc., were inserted. Nighaṇḍu: a treatise that reveals synonyms for trees, etc., according to their alternative names. Indeed, this is called "nighaṇḍu" in the world. Keṭubha: that which divides or leads to the division of actions, etc., is keṭubha, a treatise on the analysis and classification of verbs, helpful to poets. And here, "analysis and classification of verbs" means that the verb, characterized by distinctions of speech, etc., is analyzed and classified by this. And since it has many classifications due to the division of letters, word formation, meaning, etc., it is called "analysis and classification of verbs." This is said with reference to the original treatise on verbs. With the nighaṇḍu and the keṭubha, they are "with nighaṇḍu and keṭubha," the three Vedas; in those "with nighaṇḍu and keṭubha." Akkharappabheda: that by which letters are differentiated due to the division of place and effort, etc., and due to the division of sounds, is akkharappabheda, which is phonetics and etymology. With akkharappabheda, they are "with akkharappabheda"; in those "with akkharappabheda." Making the Atharvaveda the fourth, and having ancient stories connected with such sayings as "it was thus, it was thus," known as itihāsa, as the fifth, they are "itihāsa-fifth," the three Vedas; in those "itihāsa-fifth." "Whose mind," etc.: This pair of questions is stated with reference to the moment of arising of the death-consciousness of those whose defilements are destroyed. There, in the first question, "arises" means it arises being endowed with the moment of arising. "Does not cease" means it does not cease, not having reached the moment of cessation. "That mind" means the mind of that person. Will that consciousness cease? And not arise in the future? - this is the question. And because it should be answered by division, The answer here should be understood thus. At the moment of arising Of an Arahant's last consciousness, That consciousness arises, It does not cease, And it will not arise in the future. Having certainly reached The moment of cessation, It will cease. Because there is no rebirth, No other will arise from it. But excluding the Arahant Endowed with the last consciousness, For others, The consciousness endowed With the moment of arising, Arises, being endowed With the moment of arising, And because it has not reached cessation, It does not cease. But having reached cessation, It will certainly cease. And another will arise and cease In that existence Or in another existence. But in the second question, Starting with "Or for whom...", "Will cease and not arise" - For whom the consciousness, Being endowed with the moment of arising, Having reached the moment of cessation, Will cease, And because there is no rebirth, Will not arise, For that Arahant, Will that consciousness arise And not cease? - this is the question. And because it should be answered unequivocally, The answer "Yes" should be understood. "Unable to carry up or down" means: The lower word to the upper word, Or the upper word to the lower word, To connect in meaning, To join, To combine earlier and later To determine the meaning, Being unable to do so - This is the meaning. Because Stream-Enterers Fully practice the precepts, There is no falling away From the precepts they have undertaken, Therefore it is said, "He is now unable To turn away from the Dispensation." "Having increased" means: Having increased the meditation subject For the sake of the higher paths. "They clean the teeth" - They purify with this, Therefore it is called A "tooth-cleaner", A toothbrush. Of new arrivals, Their sense of shame, And their endowment with qualities Like patience and loving-kindness, Only after thoroughly examining For a few days, Is it proper to accept their services And to give them support. For the novice And for other monks, Who might follow his example, For their information, The elder, having fully understood And known his suitability, Yet again... He performed sweeping and other tasks. They also say, "for the taming of his mind." He initiated the Buddha's word, meaning he began to have the Buddha's word learned. Since the practice of all Vinaya conduct is prescribed only for those who are ordained, its mastery is also appropriate only for them. Thus he said, "except for the Vinaya Piṭaka." To show that the Buddha's word, even when placed in his mind, was handed over for preservation, it is said, "having established it in his hands." "Anointing of a single kingdom" means the anointing performed for sole dominion over the entire Jambudīpa. "By royal power" means powers accompanied by royal majesty. "From which" means from those sixteen pots. The connection is that "deities themselves bring them day by day." "Daily" means day by day. "Agada-amalaka" means a medicinal amalaka fruit that removes all impurities, capable of cleansing the body and other functions with just a little. "From the Chaddanta lake" means from the divine palace located near the Chaddanta lake, or from a wish-fulfilling tree, for there are such special wish-fulfilling trees there, meaning they bring them from there. "Not made of thread" means a garland of flowers made only of divine fragrant flowers, not bound by threads. "Of the arisen rice" means of the self-grown rice, and here the singular is used for the collective, meaning "of the rice grains." "Nine thousand measures" (vāha): here, four handfuls are one kuḍuva, four kuḍuvas are one pattha, four patthas are one āḷhaka, four āḷhakas are one doṇa, four doṇas are one mānikā, four mānikās are one khārī, twenty khārīs are one vāha. The same is called "one cart" in the Suttanipāta commentary and other texts. "Making them without husk and chaff" means making them free from husk and chaff. The connection is "seeing the Buddha image made by him." The mention of "produced by the power of merit" is made because it is similar to those produced by the power of merit of the Nāga kings. Regarding "Vimalaketumālā," they say that a ketumālā is a mass of rays that emerges from the head and appears as a cluster above the crown of the head. Outer cotton They make known the doctrine of external sects. He grasped, examining, he grasped. On good seats means on cane seats. Essence means the essence of qualities. At the lion's window means near the great window. Tamed by a mind free from the agitation of defilements. Guarded by constant, ever-present mindfulness. At the tip of the razor means at the end of shaving. It shines exceedingly is the connection. He was a merchant means he was a honey merchant. By former association means by former cohabitation or in a former birth. By present benefit means by doing good in the present existence. Thus, by these two causes, that love, called affection, arises. Like what? He says, "Like a lotus in water." The 'va' after 'uppalaṃ' is shortened, and the word 'va' is for collecting unmentioned things. The word 'yathā' is for comparison. This is said: Just as a lotus and other lotuses and water lilies, arising in water, arise depending on two causes, water and mud, so too is love. Constant meals means regular meals. Faults and non-faults means minor and major faults. He entrusted the burden to the Elder Moggaliputtatissa: It should be understood that the Sangha entrusted the burden to him to make known to the king the Elder's great power and his leadership of the Sangha as the guide of the Sasana's work at that time, not because others were ignorant. An heir to the Sasana means, "Am I or am I not an inner relative of the Sasana?" Those who renounce their sons and daughters to go forth in the Sasana are called blood relatives in the Buddha's Sasana. Because they have renounced their own legitimate sons who are capable of upholding the entire Sasana, they are not merely givers of requisites. Referring to this meaning, the Elder said, "Not by this much, great king, is one an heir to the Sasana." How then? Here, 'carahi' is a particle expressing impatience. To Prince Tissa means to the king's younger brother by the same mother. You will be able means you will be capable. They will establish in the training means in abstinence from taking life, etc., at improper times. In the six trainings ending with abstinence from food, after granting the permission for training by way of undertaking, saying, "I undertake the training of abstinence from taking life for two years without transgressing," and so on, they established them in the training. "Six years since the anointing" is "the six-year anointing." The Pāli that ascended in the two councils is "all Theravāda." Indeed, it is called "Theravāda" to distinguish it from the divergent doctrines of the Mahāsaṅghikas and others. This analytical doctrine, preserved and brought down by the Elder Mahākassapa and others without admixture, is therefore called "Theravāda." They also write "with Theravāda." There, it should be understood by bringing in "the word of the Buddha, collected in the Tipitaka, with its commentaries, including the Theravāda found in the commentaries." "Having attained the fire element" means having attained the jhāna with the fire kasiṇa as its object. "In the assembly" means