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Homage to that Blessed One, the Arahant, the Perfectly Enlightened One. In the Abhidhamma Piṭaka The Book of Pairs (Second Part) 6. The Pair of Formations 1. The Section on Designations (A) Outline 1. There are three formations – bodily formation, verbal formation, mental formation. In-breaths and out-breaths are bodily formation, initial application and sustained application are verbal formation, perception and feeling are mental formation. Excluding initial application and sustained application, all phenomena associated with consciousness are mental formation. 1. The Section on Word Analysis (A) Direct Order 2. (A) Is body a bodily formation? (B) Is a bodily formation body? (A) Is speech a verbal formation? (B) Is a verbal formation speech? (A) Is mind a mental formation? (B) Is a mental formation mind? (B) Reverse Order 3. (A) Is not body not a bodily formation? (B) Is not a bodily formation not body? (A) Is not speech not a verbal formation? (B) Is not a verbal formation not speech? (A) Is not mind not a mental formation? (B) Is not a mental formation not mind? 2. The Section on the Root Cycle of Word Analysis (A) Direct Order 4. (A) Is body a bodily formation? (B) Are formations a verbal formation? (A) Is body a bodily formation? (B) Are formations a mental formation? (A) Is speech a verbal formation? (B) Are formations a bodily formation? (A) Is speech a verbal formation? (B) Are formations a mental formation? (A) Is mind a mental formation? (B) Are formations a bodily formation? (A) Is mind a mental formation? (B) Are formations a verbal formation? (B) Reverse Order 5. (A) Is not body not a bodily formation? (B) Are not formations not a verbal formation? (A) Is not body not a bodily formation? (B) Are not formations not a mental formation? (A) Is not speech not a verbal formation? (B) Are not formations not a bodily formation? (A) Is not speech not a verbal formation? (B) Are not formations not a mental formation? (A) Is not mind not a mental formation? (B) Are not formations not a bodily formation? (A) Is not mind not a mental formation? (B) Are not formations not a verbal formation? Pure Formations Section (A) Direct Order 6. (A) Is bodily formation verbal formation? (B) Is verbal formation bodily formation? (A) Is bodily formation mental formation? (B) Is mental formation bodily formation? (A) Is verbal formation mental formation? (B) Is mental formation verbal formation? (B) Reverse Order 7. (A) Is it not bodily formation, not verbal formation? (B) Is it not verbal formation, not bodily formation? (A) Is it not bodily formation, not mental formation? (B) Is it not mental formation, not bodily formation? (A) Is it not verbal formation, not mental formation? (B) Is it not mental formation, not verbal formation? Designation-Recitation Section. Designation Section. (B) Exposition 1. Word-Purification Section (A) Direct Order 8. (A) Is body bodily formation? No. (B) Is bodily formation body? No. (A) Is speech verbal formation? No. (B) Is verbal formation speech? No. (A) Is mind mental formation? No. (B) Is mental formation mind? No. (B) Reverse Order 9. (A) Is it not body, not bodily formation? Bodily formation is not body, it is bodily formation. Excluding body and bodily formation, the remainder is neither body nor bodily formation. (B) Is it not bodily formation, not body? Body is not bodily formation, it is body. Excluding body and bodily formation, the remainder is neither body nor bodily formation. (A) Is it not speech, not verbal formation? Verbal formation is not speech, it is verbal formation. Excluding speech and verbal formation, the remainder is neither speech nor verbal formation. (B) Is it not verbal formation, not speech? Speech is not verbal formation, it is speech. Excluding speech and verbal formation, the remainder is neither speech nor verbal formation. (A) Is it not mind, not mental formation? Mental formation is not mind, it is mental formation. Excluding mind and mental formation, the remainder is neither mind nor mental formation. (B) Is it not mental formation, not mind? Mind is not mental formation, it is mind. Except for mind and mental formation, the rest are neither mind nor mental formation. 2. Root Cycle of Word Analysis (A) Direct Order 10. (A) Is body a bodily formation? No. (B) Are formations verbal formations? Verbal formation is both a formation and a verbal formation. The remaining formations are not verbal formations. (A) Is body a bodily formation? No. (B) Are formations mental formations? Mental formation is both a formation and a mental formation. The remaining formations are not mental formations. 11. (A) Is speech a verbal formation? No. (B) Are formations bodily formations? Bodily formation is both a formation and a bodily formation. The remaining formations are not bodily formations. (A) Is speech a verbal formation? No. (B) Are formations mental formations? Mental formation is both a formation and a mental formation. The remaining formations are not mental formations. 12. (A) Is mind a mental formation? No. (B) Are formations bodily formations? Bodily formation is both a formation and a bodily formation. The remaining formations are not bodily formations. (A) Is mind a mental formation? No. (B) Are formations verbal formations? Verbal formation is both a formation and a verbal formation. The remaining formations are not verbal formations. (B) Negative Order 13. (A) Is it neither body nor bodily formation? Bodily formation is not body, it is bodily formation. Except for body and bodily formation, the rest are neither body nor bodily formation. (B) Are they neither formations nor verbal formations? Yes. (A) Is it neither body nor bodily formation? Bodily formation is not body, it is bodily formation. Except for body and bodily formation, the rest are neither body nor bodily formation. (B) Are they neither formations nor mental formations? Yes. 14. (A) Is it neither speech nor verbal formation? Verbal formation is not speech, it is verbal formation. Except for speech and verbal formation, the rest are neither speech nor verbal formation. (B) Are there no formations, no bodily formation? Yes. (A) Is there no speech, no verbal formation? Verbal formation is not speech, it is verbal formation. Excluding speech and verbal formation, the rest are neither speech nor verbal formation. (B) Are there no formations, no mental formation? Yes. 15. (A) Is there no mind, no mental formation? Mental formation is not mind, it is mental formation. Excluding mind and mental formation, the rest are neither mind nor mental formation. (B) Are there no formations, no bodily formation? Yes. (A) Is there no mind, no mental formation? Mental formation is not mind, it is mental formation. Excluding mind and mental formation, the rest are neither mind nor mental formation. (B) Are there no formations, no verbal formation? Yes. 3. Section on Pure Formations (A) Direct Order 16. (A) Is bodily formation verbal formation? No. (B) Is verbal formation bodily formation? No. (A) Is bodily formation mental formation? No. (B) Is mental formation bodily formation? No. (A) Is verbal formation mental formation? No. (B) Is mental formation verbal formation? No. (B) Reverse Order 17. (A) Is there no bodily formation, no verbal formation? Verbal formation is not bodily formation, it is verbal formation. Excluding bodily formation and verbal formation, the rest are neither bodily formation nor verbal formation. (B) Is there no verbal formation, no bodily formation? Bodily formation is not verbal formation, it is bodily formation. Excluding verbal formation and bodily formation, the rest are neither verbal formation nor bodily formation. (A) Is there no bodily formation, no mental formation? Mental formation is not bodily formation, it is mental formation. Excluding bodily formation and mental formation, the rest are neither bodily formation nor mental formation. (B) Is there no mental formation, no bodily formation? Bodily formation is not mental formation, it is bodily formation. Excluding mental formation and bodily formation Excluding these, the rest are neither mental formation nor bodily formation. 18. (a) Is it not verbal formation, not mental formation? Mental formation is not verbal formation, it is mental formation. Excluding verbal formation and mental formation, the rest are neither verbal formation nor mental formation. (b) Is it not mental formation, not verbal formation? Verbal formation is not mental formation, it is verbal formation. Excluding mental formation and verbal formation, the rest are neither mental formation nor verbal formation. Section on the Exposition of Designations. 2. Section on Occurrence 1. Section on Arising (1) Section on the Present (a) Direct order for individuals 19. (a) For whom bodily formation arises, for him does verbal formation arise? Without initial and sustained application, at the moment of the arising of in-breaths and out-breaths, for them bodily formation arises, but for them verbal formation does not arise. For those who have attained the first jhāna, for those in the sense-sphere, at the moment of the arising of in-breaths and out-breaths, for them bodily formation also arises and verbal formation also arises. (b) Or for whom verbal formation arises, for him does bodily formation arise? Without in-breaths and out-breaths, at the moment of the arising of initial and sustained application, for them verbal formation arises, but for them bodily formation does not arise. For those who have attained the first jhāna, for those in the sense-sphere, at the moment of the arising of in-breaths and out-breaths, for them verbal formation also arises and bodily formation also arises. (a) For whom bodily formation arises, for him does mental formation arise? Yes. (b) Or for whom mental formation arises,