English
from the six sense bases, contact, caused by the six sense bases; from contact, feeling, caused by contact; from feeling, craving, caused by feeling; from craving, clinging, caused by craving; from clinging, becoming; from becoming, birth; from birth, aging and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering. From ignorance, volitional formations, caused by ignorance; from volitional formations, consciousness, caused by volitional formations; from consciousness, mind, caused by consciousness; from mind, contact, caused by mind; from contact, feeling, caused by contact; from feeling, craving, caused by feeling; from craving, clinging, caused by craving; from clinging, becoming; from becoming, birth; from birth, aging and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering. From ignorance, volitional formations, caused by ignorance; from volitional formations, consciousness, caused by volitional formations; from consciousness, mind-and-matter, caused by consciousness; from mind-and-matter, the six sense bases, caused by mind-and-matter; from the six sense bases, contact, caused by the six sense bases; Contact as condition, feeling caused by contact. Feeling as condition, craving caused by feeling. Craving as condition, clinging caused by craving. Clinging as condition, becoming. Becoming as condition, birth. Birth as condition, aging-and-death. Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering. Ignorance as condition, fabrications caused by ignorance. Fabrications as condition, consciousness caused by fabrications. Consciousness as condition, name-and-form caused by consciousness. Name-and-form as condition, six sense bases caused by name-and-form. Six sense bases as condition, contact caused by six sense bases. Contact as condition, feeling caused by contact. Feeling as condition, craving caused by feeling. Craving as condition, clinging caused by craving. Clinging as condition, becoming. Becoming as condition, birth. Birth as condition, aging-and-death. Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering. The Tetrad of Causes. 3. The Tetrad of Concomitants. Ignorance as condition, fabrications associated with ignorance. Fabrications as condition, consciousness associated with fabrications. Consciousness as condition, name associated with consciousness. Name as condition, six sense bases associated with name. Six sense bases as condition, contact associated with six sense bases. Contact as condition, feeling associated with contact. Feeling as condition, craving associated with feeling. Craving as condition, clinging associated with craving. Clinging as condition, becoming. Becoming as condition, birth. Birth as condition, aging-and-death. Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering. Ignorance as condition, fabrications associated with ignorance. Fabrications as condition, consciousness associated with fabrications. Consciousness as condition, name associated with consciousness. Name as condition, contact associated with name. Contact as condition, feeling associated with contact. Feeling as condition, craving associated with feeling. Craving as condition, clinging associated with craving. Clinging as condition, becoming. Becoming as condition, birth. Birth as condition, aging-and-death. Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering. Ignorance as condition, fabrications as associated with ignorance, conditioned by formations, consciousness associated with formations, conditioned by consciousness, name-and-form, name associated with consciousness, conditioned by name-and-form, the sixth sense base associated with name-and-form, conditioned by the sixth sense base, contact associated with the sixth sense base, conditioned by contact, feeling associated with contact, conditioned by feeling, craving associated with feeling, conditioned by craving, clinging associated with craving; conditioned by clinging, becoming, conditioned by becoming, birth, conditioned by birth, aging-and-death. Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering. Conditioned by ignorance, formations associated with ignorance, conditioned by formations, consciousness associated with formations, conditioned by consciousness, name-and-form, name associated with consciousness, conditioned by name-and-form, the six sense bases, the sixth sense base associated with name, conditioned by the sixth sense base, contact associated with the sixth sense base, conditioned by contact, feeling associated with contact, conditioned by feeling, craving associated with feeling, conditioned by craving, clinging associated with clinging; conditioned by clinging, becoming, conditioned by becoming, birth, conditioned by birth, aging-and-death. Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering. The Tetrad of Association. 4. The Tetrad of Reciprocity. 246. Conditioned by ignorance, formations, and conditioned by formations, ignorance; conditioned by formations, consciousness, and conditioned by consciousness, formations; conditioned by consciousness, name, and conditioned by name, consciousness; conditioned by name, the sixth sense base, and conditioned by the sixth sense base, name; conditioned by the sixth sense base, contact, and conditioned by contact, the sixth sense base; conditioned by contact, feeling, and conditioned by feeling, contact; conditioned by feeling, craving, and conditioned by craving, feeling; conditioned by craving, clinging, and conditioned by clinging, craving; conditioned by clinging, becoming, conditioned by becoming, birth, conditioned by birth, aging-and-death. Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering. Conditioned by ignorance, formations, and conditioned by formations, ignorance; conditioned by formations, consciousness, con... Conditioned by knowledge, also formations; Conditioned by consciousness, name; conditioned by name, also consciousness; Conditioned by name, contact; conditioned by contact, also name; Conditioned by contact, feeling; conditioned by feeling, also contact; Conditioned by feeling, craving; conditioned by craving, also feeling; Conditioned by craving, clinging; conditioned by clinging, also craving; Conditioned by clinging, becoming; Conditioned by becoming, birth; Conditioned by birth, aging-and-death. Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering. Conditioned by ignorance, formations; conditioned by formations, also ignorance; Conditioned by formations, consciousness; conditioned by consciousness, also formations; Conditioned by consciousness, name-and-form; conditioned by name-and-form, also consciousness; Conditioned by name-and-form, the sixfold sense base; conditioned by the sixfold sense base, also name-and-form; Conditioned by the sixfold sense base, contact; conditioned by contact, also the sixfold sense base; Conditioned by contact, feeling; conditioned by feeling, also contact; Conditioned by feeling, craving; conditioned by craving, also feeling; Conditioned by craving, clinging; conditioned by clinging, also craving; Conditioned by clinging, becoming; Conditioned by becoming, birth; Conditioned by birth, aging-and-death. Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering. Conditioned by ignorance, formations; conditioned by formations, also ignorance; Conditioned by formations, consciousness; conditioned by consciousness, also formations; Conditioned by consciousness, name-and-form; conditioned by name-and-form, also consciousness; Conditioned by name-and-form, the six sense bases; conditioned by the sixfold sense base, also name-and-form; Conditioned by the sixfold sense base, contact; conditioned by contact, also the sixfold sense base; Conditioned by contact, feeling; conditioned by feeling, also contact; Conditioned by feeling, craving; conditioned by craving, also feeling; Conditioned by craving, clinging; conditioned by clinging, also craving; Conditioned by clinging, becoming; Conditioned by becoming, birth; Conditioned by birth, aging-and-death. Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering. Mutual Fourfold. Matrix. 247. Conditioned by formations, ignorance... conditioned by consciousness, ignorance... conditioned by name, ignorance... conditioned by the sixfold sense base, ignorance... conditioned by contact... From lapse, ignorance… Conditioned by feeling, ignorance… Conditioned by craving, ignorance… Conditioned by clinging, ignorance… Conditioned by ignorance, formations; conditioned by formations, consciousness; conditioned by consciousness, mentality; conditioned by mentality, the sixth sense base; conditioned by the sixth sense base, contact; conditioned by contact, feeling; conditioned by feeling, craving; conditioned by craving, clinging; conditioned by clinging, becoming; conditioned by becoming, birth; conditioned by birth, aging and death. Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering. Summary. 5. The Tetrad of Conditions 248. Which phenomena are unwholesome? At what time an unwholesome mind arises, accompanied by joy, associated with wrong view, having form as its object, or sound as its object, or smell as its object, or taste as its object, or touch as its object, or mind-objects as its object, or whatever it may be that it takes as its object, at that time, conditioned by ignorance, formations; conditioned by formations, consciousness; conditioned by consciousness, mentality; conditioned by mentality, the sixth sense base; conditioned by the sixth sense base, contact; conditioned by contact, feeling; conditioned by feeling, craving; conditioned by craving, clinging; conditioned by clinging, becoming; conditioned by becoming, birth; conditioned by birth, aging and death. Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering. 249. Therein, what is ignorance? That which is not knowing, not seeing… the fetter of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesome things – this is called "ignorance". Therein, what are formations conditioned by ignorance? That which is volition, intention,