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dependent on decision, becoming; dependent on becoming, birth; dependent on birth, aging and death. Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering. 331. Which phenomena are indeterminate? At the time when the mind-consciousness element has arisen, which is functional, neither wholesome nor unwholesome, and not a result of kamma, accompanied by joy, associated with knowledge ... accompanied by joy, associated with knowledge, with prompting, ... accompanied by joy, dissociated from knowledge, ... accompanied by joy, dissociated from knowledge, with prompting, ... accompanied by equanimity, associated with knowledge, ... accompanied by equanimity, associated with knowledge, with prompting, ... accompanied by equanimity, dissociated from knowledge, ... accompanied by equanimity, dissociated from knowledge, with prompting, having a material object, or ... a mental object, or whatever object it may be, at that time, dependent on formations, consciousness arises; dependent on consciousness, mentality arises; dependent on mentality, the sixth sense-base arises; dependent on the sixth sense-base, contact arises; dependent on contact, feeling arises; dependent on feeling, clarity arises; dependent on clarity, decision arises; dependent on decision, becoming arises; dependent on becoming, birth arises; dependent on birth, old age and death arise. Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering. 332. Which states are indeterminate? At the time when one develops a form-sphere jhana, an action that is neither wholesome nor unwholesome, nor a result of kamma, a pleasant abiding in this very life, having quite secluded from sensual pleasures, ... one enters and abides in the first jhana, with the earth kasina, at that time, dependent on formations, consciousness arises; dependent on consciousness, mentality arises; dependent on mentality, the sixth sense-base arises; dependent on the sixth sense-base, contact arises; dependent on contact, feeling arises; dependent on feeling, clarity arises; dependent on clarity, decision arises; dependent on decision, becoming arises; dependent on becoming, birth arises; dependent on birth, old age and death arise. Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering. 333. Which states are indeterminate? At the time when one develops an immaterial-sphere jhana, an action that is neither wholesome nor unwholesome, nor a result of kamma, a pleasant abiding in this very life, having completely transcended the sphere of nothingness, accompanied by the perception of the sphere of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, and the abandoning of pleasure, ... one enters and abides in the fourth jhana, at that time, dependent on formations, consciousness arises; dependent on consciousness, mentality arises; dependent on mentality, the sixth sense-base arises; dependent on the sixth sense-base, From condition, contact, from contact, feeling, from feeling, confidence, from confidence, determination, from determination, existence, from existence, birth, from birth, old age and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering. Explanation of the Undetermined. 12. Explanation of Wholesome Rooted in Ignorance Which states are wholesome? At what time a wholesome mind of the sense-sphere arises, accompanied by joy, conjoined with knowledge, having form as its object, or… (abbreviated)… or having mental phenomena as its object, or whatever it may be, at that time, from ignorance, volitional formations; from volitional formations, consciousness; from consciousness, mentality; from mentality, the sixth sense-base; from the sixth sense-base, contact; from contact, feeling; from feeling, confidence; from confidence, determination; from determination, existence; from existence, birth; from birth, old age and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering. Therein, what is volitional formations from ignorance? That volition, intending, the state of intending – this is called "volitional formations from ignorance"... (abbreviated)... this is called "contact from the sixth sense-base". Therein, what is feeling from contact? That mental pleasantness, mental happiness, pleasantness and happiness born of mental contact, feeling of pleasantness and happiness born of mental contact – this is called "feeling from contact". Therein, what is confidence from feeling? That faith, believing, settling, profound confidence – this is called "confidence from feeling". Therein, what is determination from confidence? That determination of mind, resolving, being resolved on that – this is called "determination from confidence". Therein, what is existence from determination? Excluding determination, the aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of volitional formations, the aggregate of consciousness – this is called "existence from determination"... (abbreviated)... therefore it is said "thus of this whole suffering..." the aggregate arises. At that time, ignorance conditions volitional formations, volitional formations condition consciousness, consciousness conditions mentality, mentality conditions contact, contact conditions feeling, feeling conditions clarity, clarity conditions decision, decision conditions existence, existence conditions birth, birth conditions aging and death. Thus arises this entire mass of suffering. At that time, ignorance conditions volitional formations, volitional formations condition consciousness, consciousness conditions mentality-materiality, mentality-materiality conditions the sixth sense-base, the sixth sense-base conditions contact, contact conditions feeling, feeling conditions clarity, clarity conditions decision, decision conditions existence, existence conditions birth, birth conditions aging and death. Thus arises this entire mass of suffering. At that time, ignorance conditions volitional formations, volitional formations condition consciousness, consciousness conditions mentality-materiality, mentality-materiality conditions the sixth sense-base, the sixth sense-base conditions contact, contact conditions feeling, feeling conditions clarity, clarity conditions decision, decision conditions existence, existence conditions birth, birth conditions aging and death. Thus arises this entire mass of suffering. Which states are wholesome? At the time when a wholesome consciousness of the sense-sphere has arisen, accompanied by joy, conjoined with knowledge, with prompting… accompanied by joy, disjoined from knowledge… accompanied by joy, disjoined from knowledge, with prompting… accompanied by equanimity, conjoined with knowledge… accompanied by equanimity, conjoined with knowledge, with prompting… accompanied by equanimity, disjoined from knowledge… accompanied by equanimity, disjoined from knowledge, with prompting, having as its object form, or… having as its object mental phenomena, or whatever else it has as its object, at that time, ignorance conditions volitional formations, volitional formations condition consciousness, consciousness conditions mentality, mentality conditions the sixth then, from the sixth sense base, contact; from contact, feeling; from feeling, confidence; from confidence, determination; from determination, becoming; from becoming, birth; from birth, aging and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering. 340. Which states are wholesome? At the time when one develops the path to rebirth in the fine-material realm, quite secluded from sensual pleasures… …one enters and dwells in the first jhāna, the earth kasina, at that time, from ignorance, volitional formations; from volitional formations, consciousness; from consciousness, mentality; from mentality, the sixth sense base; from the sixth sense base, contact; from contact, feeling; from feeling, confidence; from confidence, determination; from determination, becoming; from becoming, birth; from birth, aging and and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering. 341. Which states are wholesome? At the time when one develops the path to rebirth in the immaterial realm, having completely transcended the base of nothingness, dwelling in the base of neither perception nor non-perception, accompanied by the abandonment of pleasure… …one enters and dwells in the fourth jhāna, at that time, from ignorance, volitional formations; from volitional formations, consciousness; from consciousness, mentality; from mentality, the sixth sense base; from the sixth sense base, contact; from contact, feeling; from feeling, confidence; from confidence, determination; from determination, becoming; from becoming, birth; from birth, aging and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering. 342. Which states are wholesome? At the time when one develops the supramundane jhāna, leading to liberation, tending to the cessation of views, for the attainment of the first stage, quite secluded from sensual pleasures… …one enters and dwells in the first jhāna, with painful practice and slow direct knowledge, at that time, from ignorance, volitional formations; from volitional formations, consciousness; from consciousness, mentality; from mentality, the sixth sense base; Dependent on the sixth sense-base, contact. Dependent on contact, feeling. Dependent on feeling, serenity. Dependent on serenity, resolution. Dependent on resolution, becoming. Dependent on becoming, birth. Dependent on birth, old age and death. Thus is the origin of these phenomena. Description of wholesome rooted in ignorance. 13. Description of results rooted in wholesome. 343. Which phenomena are indeterminate? At the time when, as a result of wholesome kamma performed and accumulated in the sense-sphere, resultant eye-consciousness arises accompanied by equanimity, with a visible object as its object, at that time, dependent on wholesome root, volitional formations; dependent on volitional formations, consciousness; dependent on consciousness, mentality;