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this is called “consciousness conditioned by volitional formations”… this is called “feeling conditioned by contact.” What is serenity conditioned by feeling here? That faith, believing, acceptance, firm conviction – this is called “serenity conditioned by feeling.” What is resolution conditioned by serenity here? That resolution of the mind, adherence, the state of being devoted to that – this is called “resolution conditioned by serenity.” What is existence conditioned by resolution here? Excluding resolution, the aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of volitional formations, the aggregate of consciousness – this is called “existence conditioned by resolution”… therefore it is said: “Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering.” 321. What are the indeterminate phenomena? At the time when one develops the path to rebirth in the fine-material realm, quite secluded from sensual pleasures… one enters and dwells in the first jhāna with the earth kasina, at that time there is contact… there is non-distraction – these phenomena are wholesome. Of that fine-material… Of that skillful karma, having been done, having been accumulated, its result: having secluded oneself from sensual pleasures... (and so on)... one abides having entered the first jhana, with the earth kasina. At that time: dependent on formations, consciousness arises; dependent on consciousness, mentality arises; dependent on mentality, the sixth sense base arises; dependent on the sixth sense base, contact arises; dependent on contact, feeling arises; dependent on feeling, serenity arises; dependent on serenity, decision arises; dependent on decision, becoming arises; dependent on becoming, birth arises; dependent on birth, old age and death arise. Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering. 322. Which states are indeterminate? At the time when one develops the path to the formless realms, having completely transcended the sphere of nothingness, accompanied by the perception of the sphere of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, and by the abandoning of pleasure... (and so on)... one abides having entered the fourth jhana. At that time: contact arises... (and so on)... undistractedness arises. These states are skillful. As the result of that very skillful karma pertaining to the formless sphere, having been done, having been accumulated: having completely transcended the sphere of nothingness, accompanied by the perception of the sphere of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, and by the abandoning of pleasure... (and so on)... one abides having entered the fourth jhana. At that time: dependent on formations, consciousness arises; dependent on consciousness, mentality arises; dependent on mentality, the sixth sense base arises; dependent on the sixth sense base, contact arises; dependent on contact, feeling arises; dependent on feeling, serenity arises; dependent on serenity, decision arises; dependent on decision, becoming arises; dependent on becoming, birth arises; dependent on birth, old age and death arise. Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering. 323. Which states are indeterminate? At the time when one develops supramundane jhana, leading to liberation, tending to decrease (defilements), for the abandoning of wrong views, for the attainment of the first stage: having secluded oneself from sensual pleasures... (and so on)... one abides having entered the first jhana, with painful practice and slow direct knowledge. At that time: contact arises... (and so on)... undistractedness arises. These states are skillful. As the result of that very supramundane skillful jhana, having been done, having been developed, its result... quite secluded from sensual pleasures… he enters and dwells in the first jhana, a painful practice with slow insight. At that time: Formations condition consciousness, consciousness conditions mentality, mentality conditions the sixth sense base, the sixth sense base conditions contact, contact conditions feeling, feeling conditions clarity, clarity conditions decision, decision conditions becoming, becoming conditions birth, birth conditions old age and death. Thus is the origin of these phenomena. 324. Which phenomena are indeterminate? At the time when, due to the doing and accumulating of unwholesome kamma, resultant eye-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, with a visual object… ear-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, with a sound object… nose-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, with an odor object… tongue-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, with a taste object… body-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by pain, with a tangible object. At that time: Formations condition consciousness, consciousness conditions mentality, mentality conditions the sixth sense base, the sixth sense base conditions contact, contact conditions feeling, feeling conditions becoming, becoming conditions birth, birth conditions old age and death. Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering. 325. Therein, what are formations? That volition, intending, the state of having intended— this is called “formations”. Therein, what is consciousness conditioned by formations? That mind, mentality, mental state… the corresponding body-consciousness element— this is called “consciousness conditioned by formations”… this is called “contact conditioned by the sixth sense base”. Therein, what is feeling conditioned by contact? That bodily unpleasantness, bodily pain, unpleasant pain born of bodily contact, unpleasant painful feeling born of bodily contact— this is called “feeling conditioned by contact”. Therein, what is becoming conditioned by feeling? Apart from feeling, the aggregate of perception, formations… aggregate of consciousness – this is called "existence conditioned by feeling"… therefore it is said "thus there is the origin of this whole mass of suffering." 326. Which phenomena are indeterminate? At the time when, due to the doing and accumulation of unwholesome kamma, a resultant mind-element has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having form as its object, or sound as its object, or smell as its object, or taste as its object, or touch as its object, or whatever else it apprehends, at that time: consciousness conditioned by formations, mentality conditioned by consciousness, the sixth sense-base conditioned by mentality, contact conditioned by the sixth sense-base, feeling conditioned by contact, decision conditioned by feeling, existence conditioned by decision, birth conditioned by existence, aging-and-death conditioned by birth. Thus there is the origin of this whole mass of suffering. 327. Therein, what is formation? That volition, intending, the state of having intended – this is called formation. Therein, what is consciousness conditioned by formations? That mind, mentality, mental state… the mind-element born of that – this is called "consciousness conditioned by formations"… this is called "contact conditioned by the sixth sense-base". Therein, what is feeling conditioned by contact? That mental state which is neither pleasant nor unpleasant, a feeling born of mental contact, neither painful nor pleasant, a feeling born of mental contact, neither painful nor pleasant – this is called "feeling conditioned by contact". Therein, what is decision conditioned by feeling? That decision of the mind, determination, the state of being determined by that – this is called "decision conditioned by feeling". Therein, what is existence conditioned by decision? Apart from decision, the aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of formations, the aggregate of consciousness – this is called "existence conditioned by decision"… therefore it is said "thus there is the origin of this whole mass of suffering." 328. Which phenomena are indeterminate? At the time when, due to the doing and accumulation of unwholesome kamma, resultant… The mind-consciousness element has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having form as its object, or... or having mental phenomena as its object, or whatever it may be. At that time, dependent on formations, consciousness; dependent on consciousness, mentality; dependent on mentality, the sixth sense base; dependent on the sixth sense base, contact; dependent on contact, feeling; dependent on feeling, decision; dependent on decision, becoming; dependent on becoming, birth; dependent on birth, aging and death. Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering. 329. Therein, what is formation? That volition, intending, the state of having intended – this is called "formation." Therein, what is consciousness dependent on formations? That mind, mentality, mental state... the mind-consciousness element arising from that – this is called "consciousness dependent on formations"... ... Therefore it is said: "Thus is the origin of this entire mass of suffering." 330. Which phenomena are indeterminate? At the time when the mind-element has arisen, which is functional, neither wholesome nor unwholesome, and not a result of kamma, accompanied by equanimity, having form as its object, or... or having tangible objects as its object... ... or the mind-consciousness element has arisen, which is functional, neither wholesome nor unwholesome, and not a result of kamma, accompanied by joy, having form as its object, or... or having mental phenomena as its object... ... or the mind-consciousness element has arisen, which is functional, neither wholesome nor unwholesome, and not a result of kamma, accompanied by equanimity, having form as its object, or... or having mental phenomena as its object, or whatever it may be. At that time, dependent on formations, consciousness; dependent on consciousness, mentality; dependent on mentality, the sixth sense base; dependent on the sixth sense base, contact; dependent on contact, feeling; dependent on feeling, decision;