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perception born of eye-contact, perception born of ear-contact, perception born of nose-contact, perception born of tongue-contact, perception born of body-contact, perception born of mind-contact – this is called present perception. 16. Therein, what is internal perception? Whatever perception is internal, personal, belonging to, individual, clung to, for those various beings, perception born of eye-contact, perception born of ear-contact, perception born of nose-contact, perception born of tongue-contact perception born of body-contact, perception born of mind-contact— this is called internal perception. Therein, what is external perception? That perception of those various other beings, other individuals, internal, personal, one's own, individual, clung to, perception born of eye-contact, perception born of ear-contact, perception born of nose-contact, perception born of tongue-contact, perception born of body-contact, perception born of mind-contact— this is called external perception. 17. Therein, what is coarse perception, subtle perception? Perception born of resistance-contact is coarse, perception born of designation-contact is subtle. Unwholesome perception is coarse, wholesome and indeterminate perception is subtle. Wholesome and unwholesome perception is coarse, indeterminate perception is subtle. Perception associated with painful feeling is coarse, perception associated with pleasant and neither-painful-nor-pleasant feelings is subtle. Perception associated with pleasant and painful feelings is coarse, perception associated with neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling is subtle. Perception of one not in attainment is coarse, perception of one in attainment is subtle. Perception with taints is coarse, perception without taints is subtle. Or, taking this or that perception, perception is to be seen as coarse or subtle. 18. Therein, what is inferior perception, superior perception? Unwholesome perception is inferior, wholesome and indeterminate perception is superior. Wholesome and unwholesome perception is inferior, indeterminate perception is superior. Perception associated with painful feeling is inferior, perception associated with pleasant and neither-painful-nor-pleasant feelings is superior. Perception associated with pleasant and painful feelings is inferior, perception associated with neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling is superior. Perception of one not in attainment is inferior, perception of one in attainment is superior. Perception with taints is inferior, perception without taints is superior. Or, taking this or that perception, perception is to be seen as inferior or superior. 19. Therein, what is distant perception? Unwholesome perception is distant from wholesome and indeterminate perception; wholesome and indeterminate perception is distant from unwholesome perception; k Wholesome perception is far from unwholesome and indeterminate perceptions; unwholesome and indeterminate perceptions are far from wholesome perception. Indeterminate perception is far from wholesome and unwholesome perceptions; wholesome and unwholesome perceptions are far from indeterminate perception. Perception conjoined with painful feeling is far from perceptions conjoined with pleasant and neither-painful-nor-pleasant feelings; perceptions conjoined with pleasant and neither-painful-nor-pleasant feelings are far from perception conjoined with painful feeling; perception conjoined with pleasant feeling is far from perceptions conjoined with painful and neither-painful-nor-pleasant feelings; perceptions conjoined with painful and neither-painful-nor-pleasant feelings are far from perception conjoined with pleasant feeling; perception conjoined with neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling is far from perceptions conjoined with pleasant and painful feelings; perceptions conjoined with pleasant and painful feelings are far from perception conjoined with neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling. Perception of one not in absorption is far from perception of one in absorption; perception of one in absorption is far from perception of one not in absorption. Perception with taints is far from perception without taints; perception without taints is far from perception with taints. This is called perception being far. Now, what is perception being near? Unwholesome perception is near to unwholesome perception; wholesome perception is near to wholesome perception; indeterminate perception is near to indeterminate perception. Perception conjoined with painful feeling is near to perception conjoined with painful feeling; perceptions conjoined with pleasant feeling is near to perception conjoined with pleasant feeling; perception conjoined with neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling is near to perception conjoined with neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling. Perception of one not in absorption is near to perception of one not in absorption; perception of one in absorption is near to perception of one in absorption. Perception with taints is near to perception with taints; perception without taints is near to perception without taints. This is called perception being near. That, that, or... Perception, by repeatedly clinging, perception is not to be seen as far or near. 4. The Aggregate of Formations 20. Therein, what is the aggregate of formations? Whatever formations, past, future, or present, internal or external, gross or subtle, inferior or superior, those far or near— having gathered them all together, having brought them into a single group— this is called the aggregate of formations. 21. Therein, what are past formations? Those formations that are past, ceased, gone, changed, set, completely set, having arisen, have vanished, past, included in the past aspect: volition born of eye-contact, volition born of ear-contact, volition born of nose-contact, volition born of tongue-contact, volition born of body-contact, volition born of mind-contact— these are called past formations. Therein, what are future formations? Those formations that are unborn, unbecome, unoriginated, unproduced, unmanifested, unappeared, unarisen, uncompletely arisen, unestablished, uncompletely established, future, included in the future aspect: volition born of eye-contact, volition born of ear-contact, volition born of nose-contact, volition born of tongue-contact, volition born of body-contact, volition born of mind-contact— these are called future formations. Therein, what are present formations? Those formations that are born, become, originated, produced, manifested, appeared, arisen, completely arisen, established, completely established, present, included in the present aspect: volition born of eye-contact, volition born of ear-contact, volition born of nose-contact, volition born of tongue-contact, volition born of body-contact, volition born of mind-contact— these are called present formations. 22. Therein, what are internal formations? Those formations that, for those various beings, are internal, personal, one's own, individual, clung to: volition born of eye-contact, volition born of ear-contact, volition born of nose-contact, volition born of tongue-contact, volition born of body-contact, volition born of mind-contact... Volition born of mind-contact – these are called internal formations. Therein, what are external formations? Those formations which are internal, personal, belonging to, individual, and clung to by those various other beings, other persons: volition born of eye-contact, volition born of ear-contact, volition born of nose-contact, volition born of tongue-contact, volition born of body-contact, volition born of mind-contact – these are called external formations. 23. Therein, what are coarse and subtle formations? Unwholesome formations are coarse, wholesome and indeterminate formations are subtle. Wholesome and unwholesome formations are coarse, indeterminate formations are subtle. Formations associated with painful feeling are coarse, formations associated with pleasant and neither-painful-nor-pleasant feelings are subtle. Formations associated with pleasant and painful feelings are coarse, formations associated with neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling are subtle. Formations of one not in absorption are coarse, formations of one in absorption are subtle. Formations with taints are coarse, formations without taints are subtle. Or, by taking those various formations, formations are to be seen as coarse and subtle. 24. Therein, what are inferior and superior formations? Unwholesome formations are inferior, wholesome and indeterminate formations are superior. Wholesome and unwholesome formations are inferior, indeterminate formations are superior. Formations associated with painful feeling are inferior, formations associated with pleasant and neither-painful-nor-pleasant feelings are superior. Formations associated with pleasant and painful feelings are inferior, formations associated with neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling are superior. Formations of one not in absorption are inferior, formations of one in absorption are superior. Formations with taints are inferior, formations without taints are superior. Or, by taking those various formations, formations are to be seen as inferior and superior. 25. Therein, what are distant formations? Unwholesome formations are distant from wholesome and indeterminate formations; wholesome and indeterminate formations are distant from unwholesome formations. Wholesome formations are far from unwholesome and indeterminate formations; Unwholesome and indeterminate formations are far from wholesome formations; Indeterminate formations are far from wholesome and unwholesome formations; Wholesome and unwholesome formations are far from indeterminate formations. Formations associated with painful feeling are far from formations associated with pleasant and neither-painful-nor-pleasant feelings; Formations associated with pleasant and neither-painful-nor-pleasant feelings