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Whatever phenomena are causes, conditions for the arising of whatever other phenomena, those are causes. The wisdom, the understanding, and so on, therein... ...non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view – This is called skill in causes. 1345. What is skill in non-causes? Whatever phenomena are not causes, not conditions for the arising of whatever other phenomena, those are non-causes. The wisdom, the understanding, and so on, therein... ...non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view – This is called skill in non-causes. 1346. What is straightforwardness? That which is straightforwardness, non-crookedness, non-bending, non-deviousness – This is called straightforwardness. 1347. What is gentleness? That which is softness, gentleness, non-harshness, non-hardness, lowliness of mind – This is called gentleness. 1348. What is patience? That which is patience, forbearance, endurance, non-fierceness, non-resentment, contentment of mind – This is called patience. 1349. What is meekness? That which is non-transgression by body, non-transgression by speech, non-transgression by body and speech – This is called meekness. All restraint of virtue is meekness. 1350. What is amiability? That speech which is harsh, rough, hurtful to others, abusive to others, bordering on anger, not conducive to concentration – having abandoned such speech, that speech which is gentle, pleasant to the ear, lovely, heart-touching, civil, dear to many, agreeable to many – such speech is spoken; That soft speech, amiable speech, non-harsh speech therein – This is called amiability. 1351. What is hospitality? Two kinds of ho... Courtesies: hospitality with material things and hospitality with Dhamma. Here, someone is hospitable either with material hospitality or with Dhamma hospitality – this is called hospitality. 1352. What, in this case, is unguardedness of the sense doors? Here, someone, having seen a form with the eye, grasps at its general appearance, grasps at its details. Because of which, while the eye faculty remains unguarded, covetousness and distress, evil unwholesome states, would flow in upon him, he does not practice for its restraint, he does not guard the eye faculty, he does not undertake restraint of the eye faculty. Having heard a sound with the ear…etc… having smelled an odor with the nose…etc… having tasted a flavor with the tongue…etc… having felt a tactile sensation with the body…etc… having cognized a mental phenomenon with the mind, grasps at its general appearance, grasps at its details. Because of which, while the mind faculty remains unguarded, covetousness and distress, evil unwholesome states, would flow in upon him, he does not practice for its restraint, he does not guard the mind faculty, he does not undertake restraint of the mind faculty. The unguardedness, the lack of protection, the lack of guarding, the lack of restraint of these six faculties – this is called unguardedness of the sense doors. 1353. What, in this case, is immoderation in food? Here, someone, without reflection, unskillfully eats food for sport, for intoxication, for adornment, for beautification. The discontent, the immoderation, the lack of reflection regarding food – this is called immoderation in food. 1354. What, in this case, is guardedness of the sense doors? Here, someone, having seen a form with the eye, does not grasp at its general appearance, does not grasp at its details. Because of which, while the eye faculty remains unguarded, covetousness and distress, evil unwholesome states, would flow in upon him, he practices for its restraint, he guards the eye faculty, he undertakes restraint of the eye faculty. Having heard a sound with the ear…etc… having smelled an odor with the nose…etc… having tasted a flavor with the tongue…etc… having felt a tactile sensation with the body…etc… having cognized a mental phenomenon with the mind… having seen a form, he is not a grasper of its features, nor a grasper of its minor characteristics. For that reason, the mind-faculty, dwelling unrestrained, might be assailed by covetousness and displeasure, evil unwholesome states. For its restraint, he practices, he guards the mind-faculty, he attains restraint in the mind-faculty. That guarding, protecting, safeguarding, restraining of these six faculties— this is called being guarded in the doors of the faculties. 1355. Therein, what is moderation in eating? Here, some person, reflecting wisely, takes food— not for sport, not for indulgence, not for adornment, not for beautification, but only for the maintenance of this body, for its sustenance, for the cessation of harm, for the support of the holy life, thinking: "Thus I shall put an end to old feelings, and I shall not give rise to new feelings, and there will be for me sustenance, blamelessness, and a comfortable abiding." That contentment, moderation, reflection regarding food— this is called moderation in eating. 1356. Therein, what is forgetfulness? That lack of mindfulness, lack of recollection, lack of remembrance, lack of presence of mind, lack of retention, obliteration, forgetting— this is called forgetfulness. 1357. Therein, what is lack of clear comprehension? That ignorance, lack of vision… …delusion, the root of unwholesome states— this is called lack of clear comprehension. 1358. Therein, what is mindfulness? That mindfulness, recollection, remembrance, presence of mind, retention, non-obliteration, non-forgetting, mindfulness, the faculty of mindfulness, the power of mindfulness, right mindfulness— this is called mindfulness. 1359. Therein, what is clear comprehension? That wisdom, understanding… …non-delusion, investigation of states, right view— this is called clear comprehension. 1360. Therein, what is the power of reflection? That wisdom, understanding… …non-delusion, investigation of states, right view— this is called the power of reflection. 1361. Therein, what is the power of development? That cultivation, development, making much of wholesome states— this is called the power of development. All seven factors of enlightenment are the power of development. 1362. Therein, What then is tranquility? That stability of mind… …right concentration— this is called tranquility. 1363. What then is insight? That wisdom, understanding… …non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view— this is called insight. 1364. What then is the sign of tranquility? That stability of mind… …right concentration— this is called the sign of tranquility. 1365. What then is the sign of exertion? That mental arousal of energy… …right effort— this is called the sign of exertion. 1366. What then is exertion? That mental arousal of energy… …right effort— this is called exertion. 1367. What then is non-distraction? That stability of mind… …right concentration— this is called non-distraction. 1368. What then is moral transgression? That bodily transgression, verbal transgression, bodily and verbal transgression— this is called moral transgression. All immorality is moral transgression. 1369. What then is wrong view? “There is no giving, there is no offering, there is no sacrifice, there is no fruit or result of good and bad actions, there is no this world, there is no other world, there is no mother, there is no father, there are no spontaneously arisen beings, there are no recluses and brahmins in the world who are rightly gone, rightly practiced, who, having themselves realized and experienced this world and the other world, proclaim it”— such a view, a viewpoint… …a perverted grasp— this is called wrong view. All wrong views are wrong view. 1370. What then is moral accomplishment? That bodily non-transgression, verbal non-transgression, bodily and verbal non-transgression— this is called moral accomplishment. All moral restraint is moral accomplishment. 1371. What then is accomplishment of view? “There is giving, there is offering, there is sacrifice, there is fruit and result of good and bad actions, there is this world, there is other world, there is mother, there is father, there are spontaneously arisen beings, there are recluses and brahmins in the world… Brahmins, gone rightly, practicing rightly, who, having directly known and realized this world and the other world themselves, declare it: That such wisdom, understanding... ...non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view – this is called accomplishment in view. All right view is accomplishment in view. 1372. Therein, what is purity of virtue? That which is non-transgression by body, non-transgression by speech, non-transgression by body and speech – this is called purity of virtue. All restraint of virtue is purity of virtue. 1373. Therein, what is purity of view? Knowledge of ownership of kamma, knowledge in conformity with the truths, knowledge of one endowed with the path, knowledge of one endowed with the fruit. 1374. Purity of view, indeed, is – that wisdom, understanding... ...non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view. 1375. And exertion for one with right view is – that mental arousal of energy... ...right effort. 1376. Sense of urgency is – fear of birth, fear of old age, fear of sickness, fear of death. The cause for a sense of urgency is – birth, old age, sickness, death. 1377. And the wise exertion of one with a sense of urgency is – here, a monk generates desire for the non-arising of unarisen evil unwholesome states, he strives, he arouses energy, he exerts his mind, he endeavors; he generates desire for the abandonment of arisen evil unwholesome states, he strives, he arouses energy, he exerts his mind, he endeavors; he generates desire for the arising of unarisen wholesome states, he strives, he arouses energy, he exerts his mind, he endeavors; he generates desire for the maintenance, non-disappearance, increase, fullness, development, and completion of arisen wholesome states, he strives, he arouses energy, he exerts his mind, he endeavors. 1378.