English
From the cessation of ignorance, the cessation of thoughts – in the sense of the cessation of conditions, the disappearance of thoughts becomes known. From the cessation of craving, the cessation of thoughts… from the cessation of kamma, the cessation of thoughts… from the cessation of perception, the cessation of thoughts – in the sense of the cessation of conditions, the disappearance of thoughts becomes known. Even seeing the characteristic of change, the disappearance of thoughts becomes known. Thus, the disappearance of thoughts becomes known. Thus, known thoughts arise, known they persist, known they pass away. 168. By means of long in-breaths and out-breaths, knowing the one-pointedness and undistractedness of mind, one harmonizes the faculties, and knows the range, and penetrates the meaning… one harmonizes the path, harmonizes the qualities, and knows the range, and penetrates the meaning. "Harmonizes the faculties" – how does one harmonize the faculties? In the sense of conviction, one harmonizes the faculty of faith, in the sense of exertion, one harmonizes the faculty of energy, in the sense of presence, one harmonizes the faculty of mindfulness, in the sense of undistractedness, one harmonizes the faculty of concentration, in the sense of seeing, one harmonizes the faculty of wisdom. This person harmonizes these faculties in this object. Therefore it is said – "one harmonizes the faculties." "And knows the range" – what is its object, that is its range. What is its range, that is its object. "Knows" means the person. Knowing is wisdom. "Properly" means the manifestation of the object is proper, the undistractedness of mind is proper, the establishment of mind is proper, the purification of mind is proper. "Meaning" means the state of blamelessness, the state of freedom from defilements, the state of purification, the supreme state. "Penetrates" means one penetrates the state of the object's manifestation, the mind's… He penetrates the state of non-distraction, he penetrates the state of mental resolve, he penetrates the state of mental purification. Therefore it is said – "He also penetrates the skillful." "He brings together the powers"—how does he bring together the powers? By the state of unshakeability in faithlessness, he brings together the power of faith; by the state of unshakeability in laziness, he brings together the power of energy; by the state of unshakeability in heedlessness, he brings together the power of mindfulness; by the state of unshakeability in restlessness, he brings together the power of concentration; by the state of unshakeability in ignorance, he brings together the power of wisdom. This person brings together these powers in this object. Therefore it is said – "He brings together the powers." "And he knows the range..." (ellipsis) ... Therefore it is said – "He also penetrates the skillful." "He brings together the factors of awakening"—how does he bring together the factors of awakening? By the state of presence, he brings together the mindfulness factor of awakening; by the state of investigation, he brings together the investigation of phenomena factor of awakening; by the state of exertion, he brings together the energy factor of awakening; by the state of pervading, he brings together the rapture factor of awakening; by the state of tranquility, he brings together the tranquility factor of awakening; by the state of non-distraction, he brings together the concentration factor of awakening; by the state of reflection, he brings together the equanimity factor of awakening. This person brings together these factors of awakening in this object. Therefore it is said – "He brings together the factors of awakening." "And he knows the range..." (ellipsis) ... Therefore it is said – "He also penetrates the skillful." "He brings together the path"—how does he bring together the path? By the state of seeing, he brings together right view; by the state of directing, he brings together right intention; by the state of embracing, he brings together right speech; by the state of arising, he brings together right action; by the state of purification, he brings together right livelihood; by the state of exertion, he brings together right effort; by the state of presence, he brings together right mindfulness; by the state of non-distraction, he brings together right concentration. This person brings together this path in this object... He combines on the object. Therefore it is said: "He combines the path." And he knows the range... Therefore it is said: "And he penetrates the skillful." He combines the states, how does he combine the states? By way of dominance, he combines the faculties, by way of immovability, he combines the powers, by way of leading out, he combines the factors of awakening, by way of cause, he combines the path, by way of establishment, he combines the foundations of mindfulness, by way of exertion, he combines the right efforts, by way of success, he combines the bases of psychic power, by way of reality, he combines the truth, by way of non-distraction, he combines tranquility, by way of contemplation, he combines insight, by way of single taste, he combines tranquility and insight, by way of non-transgression, he combines the yoked pair, by way of restraint, he combines purity of virtue, by way of non-distraction, he combines purity of mind, by way of seeing, he combines purity of view, by way of liberation, he combines release, by way of penetration, he combines true knowledge, by way of relinquishment, he combines freedom, by way of eradication, he combines knowledge of destruction, by way of appeasement, he combines knowledge of non-arising, by way of root, he combines desire, by way of origination, he combines attention, by way of combination, he combines contact, by way of convergence, he combines feeling, by way of foremost, he combines concentration, by way of dominance, he combines mindfulness, by way of being superior to that, he combines wisdom, by way of essence, he combines liberation, by way of culmination, he combines Nibbāna, the deathless immersion. This person combines these states on this object. Therefore it is said: "He combines the states." And he knows the range: whatever is his object, that is his range. Whatever is his range, that is his object, this person knows. Knowing is wisdom. The presence of the object is equal, the mind's It is non-distraction, equanimity, the mind's steadfastness, equanimity, the mind's purification, equanimity. 'Meaning' is the blameless state, the undefiled state, the purified state, the supreme state. 'Penetrates' means it penetrates for the sake of the object's presence, it penetrates for the sake of the mind's non-distraction, it penetrates for the sake of the mind's steadfastness, it penetrates for the sake of the mind's purification. Therefore it is said – "it is capable and it penetrates." 169. How does one, breathing in short, know "I breathe in short"? How does one, breathing out short, know "I breathe out short"? Breathing in short, one breathes in with a momentary formation. Breathing out short, one breathes out with a momentary formation. Breathing in and out short, one breathes in and out with a momentary formation. When breathing in and out short with a momentary formation, desire arises. By means of desire, one breathes in a shorter breath, more subtle than before, with a momentary formation. By means of desire, one breathes out a shorter breath, more subtle than before, with a momentary formation. By means of desire, one breathes in and out a shorter breath, more subtle than before, with a momentary formation. By means of desire, when breathing in and out a shorter breath, more subtle than before, with a momentary formation, joy arises. By means of joy, one breathes in a shorter breath, more subtle than before, with a momentary formation. By means of joy, one breathes out a shorter breath, more subtle than before, with a momentary formation. By means of joy, one breathes in and out a shorter breath, more subtle than before, with a momentary formation. By means of joy, when breathing in and out a shorter breath, more subtle than before, with a momentary formation, the mind turns away from short breaths, and equanimity becomes established. By these nine modes, short in-breaths and out-breaths are the body, the presence of mindfulness, the contemplation, the knowledge. The body is the presence, not mindfulness; mindfulness is both the presence and mindfulness. With that mindfulness, with that knowledge, one contemplates that body. Therefore it is said... says – “The development of the foundation of mindfulness through contemplation of the body in the body.” How does one contemplate that body? ... Thus one contemplates that body. What is development? There are four developments... Development is in the sense of repeated practice. For one who understands the one-pointedness and non-distraction of the mind by means of short in-breaths and out-breaths, known feelings arise... Understanding the one-pointedness and non-distraction of the mind by means of short in-breaths and out-breaths, one harmonizes the faculties... Therefore it is said – “One penetrates both calm and insight.” 170. How does one train: “I shall breathe in experiencing the whole body”? How does one train: “I shall breathe out experiencing the whole body”? What is body? There are two bodies – the name-body and the form-body. What is the name-body? Feeling, perception, volition, contact, attention, name, and the name-body, and what are called mental formations – this is the name-body. What is the form-body? The four great elements, and the derived form dependent on the four great elements, in-breath and out-breath, and the sign and the binding, and what are called bodily formations – this is the form-body. How are these bodies understood?