English
Desire-passion means that which is desire for sensual pleasures, passion for sensual pleasures, delight in sensual pleasures, craving for sensual pleasures, affection for sensual pleasures, burning for sensual pleasures, infatuation with sensual pleasures, clinging to sensual pleasures, the flood of sensual pleasures, the yoke of sensual pleasures, the clinging to sensual pleasures, the hindrance of sensual desire. The removal of desire-passion means the abandoning of desire-passion, the calming of desire-passion, the relinquishing of desire-passion, the allaying of desire-passion, the deathless, Nibbāna – the removal of desire-passion. The deathless state of Nibbāna. The state of Nibbāna, the state of protection, the state of refuge, the state of shelter, the state of fearlessness. Deathless means permanent, stable, eternal, of unchangeable nature – the deathless state of Nibbāna. Therefore the Blessed One said – “Here, among things seen, heard, sensed, and cognized, among dear forms, Hemaka; is the removal of desire-passion, the deathless state of Nibbāna.” 56. Those who, understanding this, are mindful, are extinguished in this very life; and they are always peaceful, having crossed over the world’s entanglement. “Those who, understanding this, are mindful.” “This” means the deathless Nibbāna. That which is the calming of all formations, the relinquishing of all attachments, the destruction of craving, dispassion, cessation, Nibbāna. “Understanding” means having understood, having known, having weighed, having discerned having understood, having known, having weighed, having discerned, having made clear, having made manifest. "All formations are impermanent," having understood, having known, having weighed, having discerned, having made clear, having made manifest. "All formations are suffering," ... "All phenomena are non-self," ... "Whatever is of the nature to arise, all that is of the nature to cease," having understood, having known, having weighed, having discerned, having made clear, having made manifest. They are Arahants, whose taints are destroyed. "Are mindful" means mindful for four reasons: mindful because the contemplation of the body in the body has been developed; ... they are called mindful. Having understood this, they are mindful. "Attained Nibbāna in this very life" means: "In this very life" means seen, known, weighed, discerned, made manifest, made clear. "All formations are impermanent" is seen in this very life, ... "Whatever is of the nature to arise, all that is of the nature to cease" is seen in this very life, known, weighed, discerned, made manifest, made clear. "Attained Nibbāna" means extinguished because lust is extinguished, extinguished because hatred is extinguished, extinguished because delusion is extinguished, extinguished because anger is extinguished, ... extinguished because resentment is extinguished, extinguished because all unwholesome volitional formations are calmed, are stilled, are pacified, are burnt out, are extinguished, are gone, are subsided, are tranquil, are peaceful, are pacified, are extinguished, are subsided. Thus, "attained Nibbāna in this very life." "And they are always peaceful." "Peaceful" means peaceful because lust is pacified, extinguished, peaceful; ... hatred; delusion; anger; resentment; ... peaceful because all unwholesome volitional formations are calmed, are stilled, are pacified, are burnt out, are extinguished, are gone, are subsided, are tranquil, are peaceful, are pacified, are extinguished, are subsided. Thus, "peaceful." "They" are Arahants, whose taints are destroyed. "Always" means always, at all times, constantly, permanently, continuously, unceasingly, uninterruptedly, like a continuous flow, like a rising wave, with an unbroken continuity, touched, before meal, after meal, first watch, middle watch, last watch, in time, ju... in the rains, in winter, in summer, in the first stage of life, in the middle stage of life, in the last stage of life— they are always tranquil. “They have crossed over the entanglement in the world”— entanglement is called craving. That passion, that attachment… greed, covetousness, the root of unwholesomeness. “Entanglement”—in what sense is it entanglement?… It is spread out, it is diffused, thus entanglement. “In the world”—in the world of woe… in the world of sense bases. “They have crossed over the entanglement in the world”— the entanglement in the world, that entanglement in the world, they have crossed over, passed beyond, gone beyond, transcended, overcome, surpassed— “they have crossed over the entanglement in the world.” Therefore the Blessed One said: “Knowing this, those who are mindful, extinguished in this very life; They are always tranquil, they have crossed over the entanglement in the world.” With the conclusion of the verse… “My Teacher, Venerable Sir, is the Blessed One; I am a disciple.” The Eighth: The Explanation of Hemaka’s Question. 9. The Explanation of Todeyya’s Question 57. “In whom desires do not dwell, [thus spoke the Venerable Todeyya] In whom craving is not found; And who has crossed over doubt, what kind of liberation is his?” “In whom desires do not dwell”— in whom desires do not dwell, do not reside, do not abide, do not linger— “in whom desires do not dwell.” “Thus spoke the Venerable Todeyya.” “Thus” is a conjunction of words… it is a sequence of words— “thus.” “Venerable” is an endearing term… “Todeyya” is the name of that brahmin… the appellation— “thus spoke the Venerable Todeyya.” “In whom craving is not found”— in whom craving does not exist, is not present, is not found, is not perceived, is burnt by the fire of knowledge— “in whom craving is not found.” “And who has crossed over doubt”— and who has crossed over doubt, passed beyond, gone beyond, transcended, overcome, surpassed— “and who has crossed over doubt.” “What kind of liberation is his?”— what kind of liberation is his? what form? what nature? what counterpart? he asks about the desired liberation— “what kind of liberation is his?” Therefore that brahmin said: “In whom desires do not dwell, [thus spoke the Venerable Todeyya] In whom craving is not found…” birth; And he who has crossed doubt, what kind of liberation is his? 58. In whom desires do not dwell, [Todeyya, said the Blessed One] And craving is not found in him; And he who has crossed doubt, there is no other liberation for him. "In whom desires do not dwell." "In whom" means in which person, in an Arahant, one whose defilements are destroyed. "Desires" means, in summary, two kinds of desires – desires for objects and desires as defilements... (etc.)... these are called desires for objects... (etc.)... these are called desires as defilements. "In whom desires do not dwell" means in whom desires do not dwell, do not reside, do not inhabit, do not live around – in whom desires do not dwell. "Todeyya, said the Blessed One." "Todeyya, said the Blessed One" means the Blessed One addresses that brahmin by name. "Blessed One" is an honorific term... (etc.)... a true designation, namely "Blessed One" – "Todeyya, said the Blessed One." "And craving is not found in him." "Craving" means craving for forms, craving for sounds, craving for smells, craving for tastes, craving for tangibles, craving for mental objects. "In him" means in the Arahant, one whose defilements are destroyed. "And craving is not found in him" means craving is not in him, does not exist, is not found, is not perceived; it is abandoned, uprooted, calmed, tranquilized, incapable of arising again, burnt by the fire of knowledge – "and craving is not found in him." "And he who has crossed doubt." "Doubt" is called perplexity. Doubt about suffering... (etc.)... the wavering of the mind, mental agitation. "He who" means that Arahant, one whose defilements are destroyed. "And he who has crossed doubt" means and he who has crossed doubt, gone beyond, completely crossed, overcome, thoroughly overcome, transcended – "and he who has crossed doubt." "There is no other liberation for him." There is no other liberation for him. By which liberation he might be liberated, he is already liberated. What more is to be done by way of liberation for him? – "there is no other liberation for him." Therefore, the Blessed One said: ‘‘In whom desires do not dwell, [Todeyya, said the Blessed One] And craving is not found in him; And he who has crossed doubt, there is no other liberation for him.’’ 59. Is he without hope or hoping? Is he wise or a conceiver of wisdom? The sage O Sakka, how I may understand, that do you explain to me, O All-seeing One. Is he without hope, or is he hopeful? Is he without craving, or does he crave for forms, sounds, smells, tastes, tangibles, family, group, dwelling, gain, fame, praise, happiness, robes, almsfood, lodging, medicines for the sick, sense-sphere existence, form-sphere existence, formless-sphere existence, percipient existence, non-percipient existence, neither-percipient-nor-non-percipient existence, one-constituent existence, four-constituent existence, five-constituent existence, the past, the future, the present, things seen, heard, sensed, cognized? Does he long for, delight in, aspire to, wish for, or crave for them? Is he without hope, or is he hopeful? Is he discerning, or is he a conceiver of discernment? "Is he discerning?" means: he is wise, discerning, intelligent, knowing, understanding, sagacious. "Or is he a conceiver of discernment?" means: or does he conceive, generate, produce, bring forth, or manifest a conception of craving or a conception of views, through the knowledge of the eight attainments, or through the knowledge of the five supernormal powers, or through wrong knowledge? Is he discerning, or is he a conceiver of discernment? "O Sakka, how I may understand the sage?" "Sakka" means the Blessed One is Sakka. Or, "Sakka" because he renounced from the Sakya clan.