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having no refuge – for those overcome by old age and death. Declare the island, dear sir. Declare the island, the protection, the shelter, the refuge, the destination, the ultimate goal. Explain, teach, declare, establish, reveal, analyze, make clear, make known. "Mārisa" is an affectionate word, a respectful word, a word of reverence and deference. "Mārisa" means: Declare the island, Mārisa. And you, declare the island to me. "You" refers to the Blessed One. "Declare the island" means: the island, the refuge, the shelter, the protection, the destination, the ultimate goal, declare, explain, teach, make known, establish, reveal, analyze, make clear, make manifest. And you, declare the island to me. So that there may be no more (suffering). So that this suffering may cease right here, may subside, may come to an end, may be appeased, and suffering leading to renewed existence may not arise again, whether in the sense-sphere, or the form-sphere, or the formless-sphere, or in the sense-existence, or the form-existence, or the formless-existence, or in the existence of perception, or the existence of non-perception, or the existence of neither perception nor non-perception, or in the one-constituent existence, or the four-constituent existence, or the five-constituent existence, or in renewed destination, or renewed rebirth, or renewed re-linking, or renewed existence, or renewed wandering, or renewed cycle, may it not be generated, may it not be produced, may it not arise, may it not come into being. May it cease right here, may it subside, may it come to an end, may it be appeased. So that there may be no more. Therefore, that brahmin said: "For those standing in the midst of the flood, [thus spoke the venerable Kappa] When a great fear has arisen from the flood; For those overcome by old age and death, declare the island, Mārisa; And you, declare the island to me, so that there may be no more." 62. "For those standing in the midst of the flood, [said the Blessed One to Kappa] When a great fear has arisen from the flood; For those overcome by old age and death, I declare the island to you, Kappa. "Standing in the midst of the flood" means: The flood is called transmigration (saṃsāra): coming, going, coming and going, time, destination, existence and non-existence, decease and rebirth and arising and breaking up and birth and old age and death. The former end of saṃsāra is not known, the latter end is not known. In the very midst of saṃsāra, beings are standing, established, clinging, having reached, settled, dwelling Freed. How the front end of transmigration is not discerned... ...thus the front end of transmigration is not discerned. How the rear end of transmigration is not discerned... ...thus the rear end of transmigration is not discerned. Thus, neither the front end of transmigration is discerned, nor the rear end. In the middle of transmigration, beings stand, are established, cling, approach, dwell, are devoted – standing in the middle of the lake. "Kappā," said the Blessed One. "Kappā," the Blessed One addressed that brahmin by name. "Blessed One" is a term of respect... ...a true designation, namely "Blessed One" – "Kappā," said the Blessed One. "When the flood arises, a great fear" means: the flood of sensual desire, the flood of becoming, the flood of views, the flood of ignorance, arisen, come to be, produced, manifested, appeared. "A great fear" means the fear of birth, the fear of old age, the fear of sickness, the fear of death – "when the flood arises, a great fear." "For those overcome by old age and death" means: touched by old age, overcome, overwhelmed, endowed with; touched by death, overcome, overwhelmed, endowed with; followed by birth, pursued by old age, overcome by sickness, struck down by death, without protection, without refuge, without shelter, having no shelter – "for those overcome by old age and death." "I proclaim an island for you, Kappā" means: an island, a protection, a refuge, a shelter, a destination, a final resort, I declare, I explain, I teach, I make known, I establish, I reveal, I analyze, I make clear, I make manifest – "I proclaim an island for you, Kappā." Therefore, the Blessed One said: For those standing in the middle of the lake, when the flood arises, a great fear; for those overcome by old age and death, I proclaim an island for you, Kappā. 63. Having no impediments, without grasping, this island, without another; I call it Nibbāna, the destruction of old age and death. "Having no impediments, without grasping" means: "Impediment" means – the impediment of lust, the impediment of hatred, the impediment of delusion, the impediment of conceit, the impediment of views, the impediment of defilements, the impediment of misconduct; the abandonment of impediments, the appeasement of impediments... .) In such places, the relinquishing of impediments, the appeasing of impediments, the deathless, Nibbāna— that is non-impediment. Non-clinging: clinging is called craving. That passion, that attachment... greed, covetousness, a root of unwholesome things. The abandoning of clinging, the appeasing of clinging, the relinquishing of clinging, the appeasing of clinging, the deathless, Nibbāna— that is non-impediment, non-clinging. This island, without another: This island is a refuge, a shelter, a protection, a destination, a final resort. Without another: beyond that, there is no other island. Indeed, that island is supreme, excellent, pre-eminent, foremost, highest, most distinguished— this island, without another. Nibbāna, thus I call it: Vāna is called craving. That passion, that attachment... greed, covetousness, a root of unwholesome things. The abandoning of vāna, the appeasing of vāna, the relinquishing of vāna, the appeasing of vāna, the deathless, Nibbāna. Thus: a connection of words, a combination of words, a completion of words, a collection of letters, a coherence of consonants, a sequence of words— thus. I call it: I call, I declare, I teach, I make known, I establish, I reveal, I analyze, I make clear, I proclaim— Nibbāna, thus I call it. The ending of aging and death: the abandoning of aging and death, the appeasing, the relinquishing, the appeasing, the deathless, Nibbāna— the ending of aging and death. Therefore, the Blessed One said: “Non-impediment, non-clinging, this island, without another; Nibbāna, thus I call it, the ending of aging and death.” 64. Having understood this, those who are mindful, extinguished in this very life; They are not followers of Māra’s sway, they are not Māra’s path-goers. Having understood this, those who are mindful: This is the deathless, Nibbāna. That calming of all formations, the relinquishing of all substrata, the destruction of craving, dispassion, cessation, Nibbāna. Having understood: having understood, having known, having weighed, having discerned, having made clear, having made manifest, “All formations are impermanent”... “Whatever is of the nature to arise, all that is of the nature to cease”— having understood. having known, having weighed, having discerned, having understood, having made it clear. These are the Arahants, whose defilements are destroyed. "Mindful" means mindful for four reasons - mindful, developing the establishment of mindfulness on the body, in the body... ...they are called mindful - those who are mindful, having understood this. "Extinguished in this very life." "In this very life" means known in this very life, understood in this very life, weighed in this very life, discerned in this very life, made clear in this very life, understood in this very life. "Extinguished" means extinguished because craving is extinguished, extinguished because hatred is extinguished... ...because all unwholesome volitional formations are calmed, are pacified, are appeased, are consumed, are extinguished, are tranquilized, are calm, are serene, are appeased, are extinguished, are tranquilized - extinguished in this very life. "They do not follow the sway of Māra." "Māra" is that Māra, the dark one, the overlord, the end-maker, Namuci, the kinsman of the heedless. "They do not follow the sway of Māra" means they do not come under the power of Māra, nor does Māra exercise power over them. They overcome Māra and Māra's faction, Māra's snare, Māra's hook, Māra's bait, Māra's domain, Māra's dwelling, Māra's pasture, Māra's bondage, having overcome, having conquered, having overwhelmed, having taken possession of, having crushed, they live, they dwell, they move, they act, they maintain, they carry on, they sustain - they do not follow the sway of Māra. "They are not Māra's followers" means they are not Māra's followers, Māra's attendants, Māra's servants; they are followers, attendants, servants of the Blessed One, the Buddha - thus, they are not Māra's followers. Therefore, the Blessed One said: "Those who are mindful, having understood this, Extinguished in this very life; They do not follow the sway of Māra, They are not Māra's followers." With the conclusion of the stanza... ...the Blessed One, sir, is my Teacher, I am a disciple. The Tenth, the Explanation of Kappa's Questions. 11. The Explanation of Jatukaṇṇī's Questions 65. Having heard, O Hero, I, a seeker of the unconditioned, Have come, desiring to ask the one who has crossed the flood; Speak of the state of peace, O Sahajanetta, as it truly is. O Blessed One, tell me this. "Having heard, O Hero, I am desireless"—having heard, having listened, having grasped, having borne in mind, having observed. Thus indeed is the Blessed One an Arahant…(and so on)…a Buddha, a Blessed One—"having heard, I." "Hero" means the Blessed One is a hero.