English
Or, "Sakka" because he is rich, very wealthy, possessing wealth. These are his riches: namely, the wealth of faith, the wealth of morality, the wealth of shame, the wealth of dread, the wealth of learning, the wealth of generosity, the wealth of wisdom, the wealth of mindfulness foundations, the wealth of right efforts, the wealth of bases of psychic power, the wealth of faculties, the wealth of powers, the wealth of enlightenment factors, the wealth of the path, the wealth of the fruit, the wealth of Nibbāna. Because of these many kinds of jewel-like riches, he is rich, very wealthy, possessing wealth, therefore he is Sakka. Or, "Sakka" because he is capable, mighty, sufficient, brave, heroic, valiant, fearless, undaunted, unalarmed, unretreating, with fear and terror abandoned, with hair standing on end gone, therefore he is Sakka. "O Sakka, how I may understand the sage?" means: O Sakka, how may I know, fully know, understand, fully understand the sage? Is he without hope, or does he hope? Is he wise, or does he merely conceive wisdom? How I may know the sage, O Able One, Explain that to me, All-seeing One. 60. He is without hope, and does not hope; He is wise, and does not merely conceive wisdom; Thus, Todeyya, know the sage, One who has nothing, unattached to sensual existence. The ends are calmed, incapable of arising, burnt by the fire of knowledge; he is called one who has nothing. By way of summary, there are two kinds of desires: desires for objects and desires as defilements... these are called desires for objects... these are called desires as defilements. By way of existence, there are two kinds of existence: existence as kamma and existence as rebirth connected to rebirth... this is rebirth connected to rebirth. "One who has nothing, unattached to desires and existence" means a person who has nothing, in desires and in existence, unattached, not clinging, not stuck, not entangled, gone forth, escaped, completely freed, disjoined, dwelling with a mind that has transcended boundaries – one who has nothing, unattached to desires and existence. Therefore the Blessed One said – He is without hope, and not hoping, He is wise, and not a mere theorizer; Thus, Todeyya, know the sage, one who has nothing, unattached to desires and existence. Together with the conclusion of the verse... "My teacher, venerable sir, is the Blessed One; I am a disciple." The ninth, the explanation of Todeyya the student's question. 10. The explanation of Kappa the student's question. 61. For those standing in the middle of the flood, [thus said Venerable Kappa] when a great terrifying flood has arisen; for those overcome by old age and death, declare an island, dear sir; And you, declare to me the island, so that this (suffering) may not be again. "For those standing in the middle of the flood" – the flood is called saṃsāra, coming, going, coming and going, time, destination, existence and non-existence, passing away and rebirth and coming into being, breaking up and birth and old age and death. The prior end of saṃsāra is not discerned, nor is the latter end discerned; in the very middle of saṃsāra, beings are standing, established, clinging, having approached, settled, devoted. How is the prior end of saṃsāra not discerned? "So many births have revolved, and beyond that, it does not revolve" – such is not the case; thus, the prior end of saṃsāra is not discerned. "So many hundreds of births have revolved, and beyond that, it does not revolve" – such is not the case; thus, the prior end of saṃsāra is not discerned. "So many thousands of births have revolved, and beyond that, it does not revolve" – such There is not. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not discerned. So many hundreds of thousands of births have revolved, it is not so that thereafter it does not revolve. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not discerned. So many crores of births have revolved, it is not so that thereafter it does not revolve. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not discerned. So many hundreds of crores of births have revolved, it is not so that thereafter it does not revolve. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not discerned. So many thousands of crores of births have revolved, it is not so that thereafter it does not revolve. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not discerned. So many hundreds of thousands of crores of births have revolved, it is not so that thereafter it does not revolve. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not discerned. So many years have revolved, it is not so that thereafter it does not revolve. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not discerned. So many hundreds of years have revolved, it is not so that thereafter it does not revolve. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not discerned. So many thousands of years have revolved, it is not so that thereafter it does not revolve. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not discerned. So many hundreds of thousands of years have revolved, it is not so that thereafter it does not revolve. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not discerned. So many crores of years have revolved, it is not so that thereafter it does not revolve. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not discerned. So many hundreds of crores of years have revolved, it is not so that thereafter it does not revolve. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not discerned. So many thousands of crores of years have revolved, it is not so that thereafter it does not revolve. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not discerned. So many hundreds of thousands of crores of years have revolved, it is not so that thereafter it does not revolve. Even so, the prior end of transmigration... The prior end is not known. So many aeons the cycle has turned, and thereafter it will not turn— such a thing does not exist. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not known. So many hundreds of aeons the cycle has turned, and thereafter it will not turn— such a thing does not exist. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not known. So many thousands of aeons the cycle has turned, and thereafter it will not turn— such a thing does not exist. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not known. So many hundreds of thousands of aeons the cycle has turned, and thereafter it will not turn— such a thing does not exist. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not known. So many tens of millions of aeons the cycle has turned, and thereafter it will not turn— such a thing does not exist. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not known. So many hundreds of tens of millions of aeons the cycle has turned, and thereafter it will not turn— such a thing does not exist. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not known. So many thousands of tens of millions of aeons the cycle has turned, and thereafter it will not turn— such a thing does not exist. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not known. So many hundreds of thousands of tens of millions of aeons the cycle has turned, and thereafter it will not turn— such a thing does not exist. Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not known. This was said by the Blessed One: “Without a discernible beginning, monks, is this transmigration. The prior end is not known of beings hindered by ignorance, bound by craving, running on, transmigrating. For a long time indeed, monks, suffering has been experienced, sharp pain has been experienced, misfortune has been experienced, the charnel ground has grown. So much so, monks, it is enough to be disenchanted with all formations, enough to be dispassionate, enough to be liberated.” Even so, the prior end of transmigration is not known. How is the latter end of transmigration not known? So many births the cycle will turn, and thereafter it will not turn— such a thing does not exist. Even so, the latter end of transmigration It is not known. So many hundreds of births, so many thousands of births, so many hundreds of thousands of births, so many crores of births, so many hundreds of crores of births, so many thousands of crores of births, so many hundreds of thousands of crores of births, so many years, so many hundreds of years, so many thousands of years, so many hundreds of thousands of years, so many crores of years, so many hundreds of crores of years, so many thousands of crores of years, so many hundreds of thousands of crores of years, so many aeons, so many hundreds of aeons, so many thousands of aeons, so many hundreds of thousands of aeons, so many crores of aeons, so many hundreds of crores of aeons, so many thousands of crores of aeons, so many hundreds of thousands of crores of aeons the cycle will revolve, and beyond that it will not revolve – such is not the case. Thus, the end point of transmigration is not known. Thus, the beginning point of transmigration is not known, nor is the end point known. Beings are established, fixed, attached, gone into, settled, devoted right in the middle of transmigration – like those standing in the middle of a lake. Thus, Venerable Kappa. "Iccā" is a word-junction... (etc.). "Āyasmā" is a term of endearment... (etc.). "Kappo" is the name of that brahmin... (etc.) is the expression – Thus, Venerable Kappa. When the flood arises, great fear. When the flood of sensual desire, the flood of becoming, the flood of views, the flood of ignorance arises, comes into being, is produced, is fully produced, becomes manifest. Great fear means the fear of birth, the fear of old age, the fear of sickness, the fear of death – when the flood arises, great fear. For those overcome by old age and death. For those afflicted by old age, overcome, overwhelmed, endowed with. For those afflicted by death, overcome, overwhelmed, endowed with. For those followed by birth, pursued by old age, overcome by sickness, struck down by death, without protection, without shelter, without refuge,