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relying on contentment, relying on effacement, relying on seclusion, relying on this as the goal— These, Upāli, are the five bowl-food eaters.” The Chapter on Austere Practices, the Sixth, is finished. Its summary: Forest-dweller, alms-eater, rag-robe, tree-root, charnel-ground fifth; Open-air, and three-robe, uninterrupted-round, sitters; As-it-is-spread, one-session, late-meal, bowl-food eaters. 7. The Chapter on False Speech “How many, venerable sir, are false speeches?” “There are five, Upāli, false speeches. Which five? There is false speech leading to expulsion. There is false speech leading to a formal meeting of the Sangha. There is false speech leading to a grave offense. There is false speech leading to an offense requiring expiation. There is false speech leading to a minor offense— These, Upāli, are the five false speeches.” “With how many factors, venerable sir, being endowed, does a bhikkhu, when setting aside the Uposatha or Pavāraṇā in the midst of the Sangha, say, ‘Enough, bhikkhu, no quarreling, no contention, no dispute, no argument’?” having suppressed, should the Uposatha or Pavāraṇā be performed by the Saṅgha?” “With five qualities, Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with five qualities, who obstructs the Uposatha or Pavāraṇā in the midst of the Saṅgha, saying: ‘Enough, bhikkhu, no quarreling, no contention, no dispute, no controversy!’ having suppressed him, the Uposatha or Pavāraṇā should be performed by the Saṅgha. Which five? He is shameless, and foolish, and uncomposed, he speaks with the intention of causing removal, not with the intention of causing emergence – with these five qualities, Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with these five qualities, who obstructs the Uposatha or Pavāraṇā in the midst of the Saṅgha, saying: ‘Enough, bhikkhu, no quarreling, no contention, no dispute, no controversy!’ having suppressed him, the Uposatha or Pavāraṇā should be performed by the Saṅgha. With other five qualities, Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with other five qualities, who obstructs the Uposatha or Pavāraṇā in the midst of the Saṅgha, saying: ‘Enough, bhikkhu, no quarreling, no contention, no dispute, no controversy!’ having suppressed him, the Uposatha or Pavāraṇā should be performed by the Saṅgha. Which five? His bodily conduct is impure, his verbal conduct is impure, his livelihood is impure, he is foolish and undeveloped, he is a maker of quarrels, a maker of contentions – with these five qualities, Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with these five qualities, who obstructs the Uposatha or Pavāraṇā in the midst of the Saṅgha, saying: ‘Enough, bhikkhu, no quarreling, no contention, no dispute, no controversy!’ having suppressed him, the Uposatha or Pavāraṇā should be performed by the Saṅgha.” 446. “With how many qualities, venerable sir, should an inquiry not be made of a bhikkhu?” “With five qualities, Upāli, an inquiry should not be made of a bhikkhu endowed with five qualities. Which five? He does not know what is an offense and what is not an offense, he does not know what is a light offense and what is a heavy offense, he does not know what is an offense with a remainder and what is an offense without a remainder, he does not know what is a gross offense and what is not a gross offense, he does not know what is an offense with remedy and what is an offense without remedy – with these, Upāli, To a bhikkhu endowed with five qualities, no inquiry should be made. But Upāli, to a bhikkhu endowed with five qualities, an inquiry should be made. Which five? He knows what is an offense and what is not an offense; he knows what is a light offense and what is a grave offense; he knows what is an offense with residue and what is an offense without residue; he knows what is a gross offense and what is not a gross offense; he knows what is an offense with remedy and what is an offense without remedy— these, Upāli, are the five qualities with which a bhikkhu is endowed for whom an inquiry should be made. 447. “How many ways, venerable sir, does a bhikkhu commit an offense?” “Upāli, a bhikkhu commits an offense in five ways. Which five? Shamelessness, ignorance, being prone to remorse, perceiving what is not allowable as allowable, perceiving what is allowable as not allowable— these, Upāli, are the five ways a bhikkhu commits an offense. And in other five ways, Upāli, a bhikkhu commits an offense. Which five? By not seeing, by not hearing, by being asleep, by perceiving it as such, by confusion of mindfulness— these, Upāli, are the five ways a bhikkhu commits an offense.” 448. “How many enmities, venerable sir?” “These five, Upāli, are enmities. Which five? Taking life, taking what is not given, sexual misconduct, false speech, indulgence in intoxicants which are the basis for heedlessness— these, Upāli, are the five enmities.” “How many abstentions, venerable sir?” “These five, Upāli, are abstentions. Which five? Abstention from taking life, abstention from taking what is not given, abstention from sexual misconduct, abstention from false speech, abstention from indulgence in intoxicants which are the basis for heedlessness— these, Upāli, are the five abstentions.” 449. “How many misfortunes, venerable sir?” “These five, Upāli, are misfortunes. Which five? Misfortune of relatives, misfortune of wealth, misfortune of disease, misfortune of virtue, misfortune of views— these, Upāli, are the five misfortunes.” “How many accomplishments, venerable sir?” These five, Upāli, are accomplishments. Which five? Accomplishment of relatives, accomplishment of wealth, accomplishment of health, accomplishment of virtue, accomplishment of right view – These, Upāli, are the five accomplishments. The chapter on False Speech, the seventh, is finished. Its summary – False speech and crushing, questioning by others; Offense by others, and abstention from enmity; Calamity and accomplishment, thus is the seventh chapter's collection. 8. The Chapter on Admonishing Nuns By how many factors, venerable sir, should a monk, endowed with them, be dealt with by the community of nuns? Upāli, a monk endowed with five factors should be dealt with by the community of nuns, that monk is not to be revered by the community of nuns. Which five? He exposes his body to the nuns, he exposes his thigh, he exposes his private parts, he exposes both shoulder blades, he makes them visible, he associates with laypeople – By these five factors, Upāli, a monk endowed with them should be dealt with by the community of nuns. That monk is not to be revered by the community of nuns. And by another five factors, Upāli, a monk endowed with them should be dealt with by the community of nuns, that monk is not to be revered by the community of nuns. Which five? He strives for the nuns' loss of gain, he strives for the nuns' disadvantage, he strives for the nuns' lack of residence, he insults and abuses the nuns, he divides monks from nuns – By these five factors, Upāli, a monk endowed with them should be dealt with by the community of nuns, that monk is not to be revered by the community of nuns. And by another five factors, Upāli, a monk endowed with them should be dealt with by the community of nuns, that monk is not to be revered by the community of nuns. Which five? He strives for the nuns' loss of gain, he strives for the nuns' disadvantage, he strives for the nuns' lack of residence, he insults the nuns he abuses them excessively, he causes monks to associate with nuns— with these five factors, Upāli, a monk endowed with them should have a formal act performed by the community of nuns, that monk is not to be saluted by the community of nuns.” 451. “By how many factors, venerable sir, should a formal act be performed for a nun?” “By five factors, Upāli, should a formal act be performed for a nun. Which five? She exposes her body to monks, she exposes her thigh, she exposes her private parts, she exposes both shoulder blades, she shines (her body), she causes laypeople to associate (with monks)— with these five factors, Upāli, should a formal act be performed for a nun. And by another five factors, Upāli, should a formal act be performed for a nun. Which five? She strives for the monks’ loss of gain, she strives for the monks’ disadvantage, she strives for the monks’ not dwelling (in peace), she reviles and abuses the monks, she causes nuns to break with monks— with these five factors, Upāli, should a formal act be performed for a nun. And by another five factors, Upāli, should a formal act be performed for a nun. Which five? She strives for the monks’ loss of gain, she strives for the monks’ disadvantage, she strives for the monks’ not dwelling (in peace), she reviles and abuses the monks, she causes nuns to associate with monks— with these five factors, Upāli, should a formal act be performed for a nun.” 452. “By how many factors, venerable sir, should a monk not give admonition to nuns?” “By five factors, Upāli, should a monk not give admonition to nuns. Which five? He is shameless, and foolish, and uncomposed, he speaks with the intention of causing them to fall, not with the intention of causing them to rise— with these five factors, Upāli, should a monk not give admonition to nuns. And by another Come, Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with five qualities should not give admonition to bhikkhunīs. Which five? He has impure bodily conduct, he has impure verbal conduct, he has an impure livelihood, he is foolish, unskilled, not able to give a proper answer when questioned. Indeed, Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with these five qualities should not give admonition to bhikkhunīs. Again, Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with five other qualities should not give admonition to bhikkhunīs. Which five? He is endowed with bodily misconduct, he is endowed with verbal misconduct, he is endowed with bodily and verbal misconduct, he is an abuser and reviler of bhikkhunīs, he dwells in improper association with bhikkhunīs.