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English version: All realms and attachment to pleasure and indulgence are not similar or equal to those of a Bodhisattva. Although one can cultivate a small portion of pure conduct (Brahmacharya), one cannot widely expound the pure conduct to the four assemblies of Bhikshus (ordained monks), Bhikshunis (ordained nuns), Upasakas (lay male devotees), and Upasikas (lay female devotees), enabling all Devas (gods) and humans to each obtain benefit. For this reason, one is not born in the heavens of the Desire Realm. Furthermore, it is asked: What is the reason that Bodhisattvas are not born in the ** heavens? The answer is: Because the assemblies of the sons of gods in the ** heavens, although able to cultivate a small portion of pure conduct, are also unable to separately expound all pure conduct to the four assemblies, enabling all Devas and humans to each obtain benefit. Moreover, Bodhisattvas do not attain Nirvana (liberation) in the ** heavens. Here, one should ask: Why is it that one cannot enter Nirvana in the ** heavens? The answer is: Because there is no place for the correct reception of form, one can only enter Nirvana through intention (attention). Furthermore, it is asked: If this is the case, does an unwholesome mind enter into wrongness, or does an indeterminate mind (neither wholesome nor unwholesome) enter into wrongness? The answer is: It should be known that an indeterminate mind enters into wrongness. Furthermore, it is asked: What is the reason that all Buddhas, World Honored Ones, abide in the world to teach and transform? Why do the great assemblies of noble Shravakas (disciples of the Buddha) enter Nirvana first, and the Buddha enters later? The answer is: Because these Shravakas have diligently cultivated wholesome Dharma (teachings) for a long time without interruption, nurturing and maturing it, and the excellent fruition of the present is accomplished. If they see the World Honored One enter Nirvana, then all the excellent rewards of these Shravakas will not be fully accomplished. Moreover, it is according to Dharma (natural law) that all the great assemblies of noble Shravakas of all the Buddhas, World Honored Ones, as numerous as the sands of the Ganges River, enter Nirvana first, and the Buddha enters later. As for those who enter Nirvana, all the Buddhas, World Honored Ones, presently enter into the unmoving ground of the Fourth Dhyana (meditative state). Here, one should ask: Does the World Honored One enter Nirvana, or does He arise? The answer is: If there is arising, then there is no entering. Furthermore, it is asked: What is the reason that after the Tathagata (another name for the Buddha), World Honored One, enters Nirvana, and the sacred body is cremated, the great robe remains as before, without any damage inside or out? The answer is: Because of the power of the Devas (gods), because the Devas have extreme pure faith in the Buddha, World Honored One. Moreover, there are two kinds of restraint that prevent burning: one is the inner body; the other is the external wealth. It should be known that all of this is due to the Buddha's divine power. Abhidharma-mahāvibhāṣā-śāstra (Great Commentary on the Abhidharma) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 中因施设门第六之一 总说颂曰： 二缘及彼二众出， 声闻三千大千界， 大慈大悲二种心， 不思议及随顺法， 众中差别所行中， 如象王住地狱等。
Chinese
又问：何因佛及轮王皆具三十二大丈夫相，一谓如来、应供、正等正觉，二谓转轮圣王。答：转轮圣王者，往昔修因其事广大，于长时中常起是念：“我当广行布施、植诸胜福，长养一切众生，净持戒行。世间痴暗无归救者，悉为救度。”如来、应供、正等正觉者，随诸所作一切善法，普施世间一切众生。广发大愿，如愿所行，舍家出家成等正觉。以是因故，转轮圣王、如来应供正等正觉皆具大丈夫相。 又问：何因佛与缘觉于一时中不相值遇？答：诸缘觉众于长时中修缘觉法，胜妙果报现前克成，无所愿求，于最上法无复施作，亦不乐欲亲近恭敬瞻睹如来。由是因故，佛与缘觉不同时出。 又问：何因二转轮王不同时出？答：转轮圣王往昔修因其事广大，谓于长时勤修诸善，同一妙盖普覆一切。一轮王出，观诸众生同一子想。一轮王出，同一境界尊重供养，随所应作一切善业，胜愿果报现前克成。由是因故，二转轮王不同时出。 又问：何因二佛如来、应供、正等正觉不同时出？答：菩萨往昔修因其事广大，谓 现代汉语译本 中因施设门第六之一 总说颂曰： 二缘及彼二众出， 声闻三千大千界， 大慈大悲二种心， 不思议及随顺法， 众中差别所行中， 如象王住地狱等。 又问：什么原因导致佛（Buddha）和转轮王（Chakravarti）都具备三十二大丈夫相？其中一个被称为如来（Tathagata）、应供（Arhat）、正等正觉（Samyaksambuddha），另一个被称为转轮圣王。答：转轮圣王在过去世修行时，所做的事情非常广大，在漫长的时间里常常生起这样的念头：‘我应当广泛地行布施，种植各种殊胜的福德，长养一切众生，清净地持守戒律。对于世间那些愚痴黑暗、没有归宿和救助的人，我都要去救度他们。’如来、应供、正等正觉，则是随顺所做的一切善法，普遍地施予世间一切众生。广泛地发起大愿，按照所发的愿力去实行，舍弃家庭出家修行，成就正等正觉。因为这个原因，转轮圣王、如来应供正等正觉都具备大丈夫相。 又问：什么原因导致佛和缘觉（Pratyekabuddha）在同一时期不会相遇？答：诸位缘觉众在漫长的时间里修习缘觉之法，殊胜美妙的果报显现并最终成就，没有什么愿望和需求，对于最上乘的佛法不再施加任何作为，也不喜欢亲近、恭敬、瞻仰如来。因为这个原因，佛和缘觉不会在同一时期出现。 又问：什么原因导致两位转轮王不会在同一时期出现？答：转轮圣王在过去世修行时，所做的事情非常广大，指的是在漫长的时间里勤奋地修习各种善行，用同一顶美妙的宝盖普遍地覆盖一切。一位轮王出现时，把所有众生都看作自己的孩子。一位轮王出现时，在同一个境界里受到尊重和供养，随顺所应当做的一切善业，殊胜的愿力果报显现并最终成就。因为这个原因，两位转轮王不会在同一时期出现。 又问：什么原因导致两位佛如来、应供、正等正觉不会在同一时期出现？答：菩萨（Bodhisattva）在过去世修行时，所做的事情非常广大，指的是……
English
English version Chapter Six, Part One: Conditions and Establishments Verse Summarizing the Chapter: Two conditions and the emergence of those two assemblies, The thousand-great-thousand world of the Shravakas (Śrāvaka, disciple), Two kinds of minds: great loving-kindness and great compassion, Inconceivable and in accordance with the Dharma, Differences among assemblies, in the conduct, Like an elephant king dwelling in hell and so on. Furthermore, a question: What is the reason that both the Buddha (Buddha) and the Chakravarti (Chakravarti, Wheel-Turning King) possess the thirty-two major marks of a great man? One is called the Tathagata (Tathāgata, Thus Come One), Arhat (Arhat, Worthy One), Samyaksambuddha (Samyak-saṃbuddha, Perfectly Enlightened One), and the other is called the Holy Wheel-Turning King. The answer: The Holy Wheel-Turning King, in past lives, cultivated causes on a grand scale. For a long time, he constantly had the thought: 'I shall extensively practice giving, plant all kinds of excellent blessings, nurture all living beings, and purely uphold the precepts. For those in the world who are foolish, in darkness, without refuge or salvation, I shall save them.' The Tathagata, Arhat, Samyaksambuddha, in accordance with all the good deeds they do, universally bestow them upon all living beings in the world. They extensively make great vows, and according to the vows they made, they renounce their homes, leave the household life, and attain Perfect Enlightenment. Because of this reason, both the Holy Wheel-Turning King and the Tathagata, Arhat, Samyaksambuddha possess the major marks of a great man. Furthermore, a question: What is the reason that the Buddha and the Pratyekabuddha (Pratyekabuddha, Solitary Buddha) do not encounter each other at the same time? The answer: The assemblies of Pratyekabuddhas, for a long time, cultivate the Dharma of the Pratyekabuddha. The excellent and wonderful fruition manifests and is ultimately accomplished. They have no desires or requests. Towards the supreme Dharma, they no longer make any effort, nor do they delight in approaching, respecting, or beholding the Tathagata. Because of this reason, the Buddha and the Pratyekabuddha do not appear at the same time. Furthermore, a question: What is the reason that two Chakravartis do not appear at the same time? The answer: The Holy Wheel-Turning King, in past lives, cultivated causes on a grand scale, meaning that for a long time, they diligently cultivated all kinds of good deeds, using the same wonderful canopy to universally cover everything. When one Wheel-Turning King appears, they regard all living beings as their own children. When one Wheel-Turning King appears, they are respected and offered to in the same realm. In accordance with all the good deeds that should be done, the excellent vows and fruition manifest and are ultimately accomplished. Because of this reason, two Chakravartis do not appear at the same time. Furthermore, a question: What is the reason that two Buddhas, Tathagatas, Arhats, Samyaksambuddhas do not appear at the same time? The answer: The Bodhisattva (Bodhisattva, Enlightenment Being), in past lives, cultivated causes on a grand scale, meaning... --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
于长时，唯一师教、一种修习，作诸善法，随其所作同一解脱、唯一所尊、唯一大智。作诸善业，长养成熟，于一时中无二果报现前所起。此复云何？答：二难并故。以是因故，于一时中二佛如来、应供、正等正觉不同出世。 又问：何因女人不作转轮圣王、不成帝释、不成梵王、不成魔王、不证缘觉菩提、不证无上正等菩提？答：谓诸女人善力劣弱，男子胜善乐欲根力之所建立，以其极生善欲心故。女无势力，皆是男子善业因作。又复女人无其利根，唯彼男子善力成故。又彼男子善力增极，乃能获得利根胜业。以如是因故，女人不作转轮圣王、不成帝释、不成梵王、不成魔王、不证缘觉菩提、不证无上正等菩提。 又问：何因佛世尊者具无边智、具无边慧无边辩才？答菩萨长时于其三慧亲近修习广多施作，谓闻所成慧、思所成慧、修所成慧，增极勤勇。以如是因故，佛世尊具无边智慧无边辩才。 又问：何因佛世尊出清净妙音，普闻三千大千世界悉令晓了？答：以佛世尊成道未久，住梵界已，普令亲近得闻解脱。颂句颂曰： “安住诸佛正教中， 发起精进求出离， 能破生死大力军， 犹如狂象在草舍。 今此清净正法律， 不放逸心善所行， 即能断灭生死轮， 乃尽一切 现代汉语译本： 长时间以来，只有一个老师教导、一种修行方式，做各种善事，随着所做的事情达到同一解脱境界、唯一值得尊敬、唯一具有大智慧。做各种善业，增长并使其成熟，在同一时间不会出现两种不同的果报同时显现。这是什么原因呢？回答：因为两个困难同时存在。因为这个原因，在同一时间不可能有两位佛陀如来（Tathagata，如实而来者）、应供（Arhat，值得供养者）、正等正觉（Samyaksambuddha，完全觉悟者）同时出现于世。 又问：什么原因导致女人不能成为转轮圣王（Chakravartin，统治世界的理想君主）、不能成为帝释（Indra，天神之王）、不能成为梵王（Brahma，创造之神）、不能成为魔王（Mara，死亡之神）、不能证得缘觉菩提（Pratyekabuddha-bodhi，独自觉悟的智慧）、不能证得无上正等菩提（Anuttara-samyak-sambodhi，无上圆满的觉悟）？回答：因为女人的善力弱小，而男子拥有更强的善的力量和欲望，并且根基稳固，因为他们极度渴望行善。女人没有力量，她们的力量都来自于男子所做的善业。而且女人没有敏锐的根器，这都是因为男子善的力量成就的。而且男子善的力量增长到极致，才能获得敏锐的根器和殊胜的业力。因为这些原因，女人不能成为转轮圣王、不能成为帝释、不能成为梵王、不能证得缘觉菩提、不能证得无上正等菩提。 又问：什么原因导致佛世尊（Buddha-bhagavan，佛陀，世尊）具有无边的智慧、无边的聪慧和无边的辩才？回答：菩萨（Bodhisattva，追求觉悟的修行者）长时间地亲近、修习和广泛地实践三种智慧，即闻所成慧（Srutamayaprajna，听闻佛法而获得的智慧）、思所成慧（Cintamayaprajna，通过思考获得的智慧）和修所成慧（Bhavanamayaprajna，通过禅修获得的智慧），并且极其勤奋勇猛。因为这个原因，佛世尊具有无边的智慧和无边的辩才。 又问：什么原因导致佛世尊发出清净美妙的声音，能够传遍三千大千世界，让所有众生都明白了解？回答：因为佛世尊成道后不久，住在梵天界（Brahma-loka，色界天的最高层），普遍让众生亲近并听闻解脱之道。偈颂说： ‘安住在诸佛的正教之中，发起精进之心寻求出离， 能够摧毁生死轮回的强大军队，就像狂象冲进草舍一样。 现在这部清净的正法，以不放逸的心精进修行， 就能断灭生死轮回，直至一切烦恼灭尽。’