English
English version: Question: If, by dwelling in a state of unguardedness, worldly greed and sorrow arise, and various evil and unwholesome dharmas grow along with the mind, and that person does not guard or protect the root of mind (意根), therefore it is said that they do not guard the root of mind, because by not guarding the root of mind, greed, hatred, and delusion grow, and they thereby initiate irrational thinking. Seeing various colors with the eyes, hearing various sounds with the ears, smelling various fragrances with the nose, tasting various flavors with the tongue, feeling various tactile sensations with the body, and cognizing various dharmas with the mind, towards these six sense doors, not guarding, not equally guarding, not universally guarding, not concealing, not covering, not obscuring, not pacifying, not subduing, not protecting, this is called not guarding the sense doors. What is ‘not knowing moderation in food’ (食不知量)? Answer: As the World Honored One (世尊) said: ‘Bhikkhus (苾刍, Buddhist monks), know that the unlearned ordinary person eats without contemplation, eating what is eaten for the sake of strength, for the sake of arrogance and indulgence, for the sake of appearance, for the sake of beauty.’ Eating without contemplation means dwelling in irrational thinking and eating what is eaten. Eating what is eaten for the sake of strength means that, for example, one person, when eating, thinks like this: ‘If I eat this food, I will surely become full, making my body strong, able to do heavy work, able to bear heavy burdens, supporting and increasing my lifespan, living long in the world, able to destroy enemies, able to surpass chariots, able to jump far, able to do all kinds of worldly games.’ Eating what is eaten for the sake of arrogance and indulgence means that, for example, one person, when eating, thinks like this: ‘If I eat this food, I will surely become full, causing my arrogant, indulgent, and intoxicated mind to arise, continuously initiating contempt for everything, doing unrestrained deeds according to my desires.’ Eating what is eaten for the sake of appearance means that, for example, one person, when eating, thinks like this: ‘If I eat this food, I will surely become full, making my body's appearance radiant and my skin smooth.’ Eating what is eaten for the sake of beauty means that, for example, one person, when eating, thinks like this: ‘If I eat this food, I will surely become full, making my body achieve the most beautiful form and color, loved and respected by all.’ Those who have such a strong attachment to food, regarding the inequality, immoderation, and lack of wisdom in various foods, cannot understand their true nature, and after not understanding their true nature, do not measure themselves, thinking that they should only eat so much food now. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ，是谓食不知量。
Chinese
复有二法，谓能护根门、于食知量者，能护根门云何？答：如世尊说：苾刍当知，诸多闻圣弟子，眼见色已，由眼根故，不取其相、不取随好，即于是处能护眼根，由住能护不起世贪忧，恶不善法不随心生长。彼于眼根能防能守，由斯故说能护眼根，以能护眼根贪瞋痴不起，耳鼻舌身意根亦尔。且说意根者，谓意了法已，由意根故，不取其相、不取随好，即于是处能护意根，由住能护不起世贪忧，恶不善法不随心生长。彼于意根能防能守，由斯故说能护意根，以能护意根贪瞋痴不起，彼由发起如理思择。眼见诸色、耳闻诸声、鼻嗅诸香、舌尝诸味、身觉诸触、意了诸法，于六根门能防、能等防、能遍防、能藏、能覆、能蔽、能寂静、能调伏、能守护，是谓能护根门。于食知量云何？答：如世尊说：苾刍当知，诸多闻圣弟子能思择而食，不为勇健、不为傲逸、不为颜貌、不为端严而食所食，但为此身暂住存济止息饥渴、摄受梵行而食所食，为断故受不起新受，无罪存济力乐安住而食所食。能思择而食者，谓住如理所引思择而食所食。不为勇健食所食者，非如一类食所食时起如是心：我食此食，必使饱满，令身勇健，能作重业能荷重担，资益寿量久住世间，能摧怨敌、能越车乘、能远跳掷、能作 现代汉语译本： 这就是所谓的不懂得适量饮食。 还有两种方法，即能够守护根门、对于饮食知量。什么是能够守护根门呢？回答：如世尊所说：‘比丘们应当知道，多闻的圣弟子，眼睛看到色尘之后，由于眼根的缘故，不执取它的表相、不执取它的细微之处，就在这个地方能够守护眼根，由于安住于守护而不生起世间的贪婪和忧愁，邪恶的不善之法不随着心意生长。’他对眼根能够防备能够守护，因此说能够守护眼根，因为能够守护眼根，贪嗔痴就不会生起，耳鼻舌身意根也是这样。且说意根，就是用意根了解法尘之后，由于意根的缘故，不执取它的表相、不执取它的细微之处，就在这个地方能够守护意根，由于安住于守护而不生起世间的贪婪和忧愁，邪恶的不善之法不随着心意生长。他对意根能够防备能够守护，因此说能够守护意根，因为能够守护意根，贪嗔痴就不会生起，他由于发起如理的思择。眼睛看到各种色尘、耳朵听到各种声音、鼻子嗅到各种香气、舌头尝到各种味道、身体感觉到各种触感、意识了解各种法尘，对于六根之门能够防备、能够平等防备、能够普遍防备、能够隐藏、能够覆盖、能够遮蔽、能够寂静、能够调伏、能够守护，这就是所谓能够守护根门。什么是对于饮食知量呢？回答：如世尊所说：‘比丘们应当知道，多闻的圣弟子能够思量选择而食用食物，不是为了勇健、不是为了傲慢放逸、不是为了颜貌、不是为了端庄美丽而食用食物，只是为了这个身体暂时存活、维持生命、止息饥渴、摄受梵行而食用食物，为了断除过去的感受、不生起新的感受，无罪地存活、保持体力、快乐安住而食用食物。’能够思量选择而食用食物，就是安住于如理所引导的思择而食用食物。不是为了勇健而食用食物，不是像有些人食用食物时生起这样的想法：‘我吃这些食物，必定使我饱满，使身体勇健，能够做沉重的工作能够负担沉重的担子，资助增长寿命长久地住在世间，能够摧毁怨敌、能够超越车乘、能够远距离跳跃、能够做……’
English
English version: This is what is called not knowing moderation in eating. Furthermore, there are two practices: being able to guard the sense doors and knowing moderation in eating. What is being able to guard the sense doors? The answer is: As the World Honored One said: 'Bhikkhus, know that a well-learned noble disciple, having seen a form with the eye, because of the eye faculty, does not grasp at its characteristics or its secondary details. In that very place, he is able to guard the eye faculty. By dwelling in guarding, worldly greed and sorrow do not arise, and evil, unwholesome dharmas do not grow in accordance with the mind. He is able to prevent and protect the eye faculty. Therefore, it is said that he is able to guard the eye faculty. Because he is able to guard the eye faculty, greed, hatred, and delusion do not arise. The same is true for the ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind faculties. To speak of the mind faculty, it means that having understood a dharma with the mind, because of the mind faculty, he does not grasp at its characteristics or its secondary details. In that very place, he is able to guard the mind faculty. By dwelling in guarding, worldly greed and sorrow do not arise, and evil, unwholesome dharmas do not grow in accordance with the mind. He is able to prevent and protect the mind faculty. Therefore, it is said that he is able to guard the mind faculty. Because he is able to guard the mind faculty, greed, hatred, and delusion do not arise. He arises from initiating reasoned reflection. The eye sees forms, the ear hears sounds, the nose smells fragrances, the tongue tastes flavors, the body feels touches, and the mind understands dharmas. For the six sense doors, he is able to prevent, able to equally prevent, able to universally prevent, able to conceal, able to cover, able to obscure, able to quiet, able to subdue, and able to guard. This is what is called being able to guard the sense doors. What is knowing moderation in eating? The answer is: As the World Honored One said: 'Bhikkhus, know that a well-learned noble disciple is able to reflect and then eat. He does not eat what he eats for strength, not for arrogance, not for appearance, not for beauty, but only for this body to temporarily dwell, to sustain life, to stop hunger and thirst, to embrace pure conduct. He eats what he eats in order to cut off past feelings and not to arise new feelings, to live without fault, to maintain strength, to live happily and peacefully.' Being able to reflect and then eat means dwelling in reasoned reflection and then eating what is eaten. Not eating what is eaten for strength means not being like some who, when eating, give rise to such thoughts: 'If I eat this food, it will surely make me full, make my body strong, able to do heavy work, able to bear heavy burdens, to support and increase lifespan, to live long in the world, able to destroy enemies, able to surpass chariots, able to leap far, able to do...' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
种种世间掉戏。不为傲逸食所食者，非如一类食所食时起如是心：我食此食，必使饱满，令我傲逸憍醉之心起等起、生等生，相续引发𣣋蔑一切，随情所乐作纵逸业。不为颜貌食所食者，非如一类食所食时起如是心，我食此食，必使饱满，当令我身容貌光鲜肤体润滑。不为端严食所食者，非如一类食所食时起如是心：我食此食，必使饱满，当令我身成就第一美妙形色众所爱敬。但为此身暂住存济食所食者，谓身亦名身、身根亦名身、五色根亦名身、四大种所造聚亦名身，于此义中说四大种所造聚身。诸圣弟子食所食时但起是心：我食此食，令四大种所造聚身，暂住等住近住安住，故名暂住。诸圣弟子食所食时但起是心：我食此食，令四大种所造聚身存随存、济随济、护随护、转随转，故名存济。但为止息饥渴食所食者，此中饥渴所起苦受说名饥渴。诸圣弟子食所食时但起是心：我食此食，当令饥渴所起苦受暂时止息不为恼害。但为摄受梵行食所食者，谓离淫欲亦名梵行、八支圣道亦名梵行，于此义中八支圣道说名梵行。诸圣弟子食所食时但起是心：我食此食，为欲摄受随顺增益八支圣道。为断故受不起新受食所食者，不食为缘所起苦受说名故受，饱食为缘所起苦受说名新受。诸圣弟子食所食时但起是心：我食此食，为 现代汉语译本 不为了种种世间的嬉戏玩乐而饮食。不为了傲慢放纵而饮食，不像有些人那样，在饮食的时候生起这样的念头：‘我吃这些食物，一定要让自己饱足，让我的傲慢、放纵、骄醉之心生起，相续不断地轻蔑一切，随心所欲地做放纵的事情。’不为了容貌好看而饮食，不像有些人那样，在饮食的时候生起这样的念头：‘我吃这些食物，一定要让自己饱足，让我的容貌光彩照人，皮肤润滑。’不为了外表端庄美丽而饮食，不像有些人那样，在饮食的时候生起这样的念头：‘我吃这些食物，一定要让自己饱足，让我的身体成就第一等美妙的形色，受到大众的喜爱和尊敬。’只是为了让这个身体暂时存在和维持生命而饮食。这个‘身’也叫做身，身根也叫做身，五色根也叫做身，四大种所造的聚合体也叫做身。在这里，指的是四大种所造的聚合体这个身。各位圣弟子在饮食的时候，只是生起这样的念头：‘我吃这些食物，让四大种所造的聚合体这个身，暂时存在、维持、接近、安住。’所以叫做‘暂住’。各位圣弟子在饮食的时候，只是生起这样的念头：‘我吃这些食物，让四大种所造的聚合体这个身，得以存在、得以维持、得以保护、得以运转。’所以叫做‘存济’。只是为了止息饥饿和口渴而饮食。这里，因为饥饿和口渴所引起的痛苦感受，叫做饥渴。各位圣弟子在饮食的时候，只是生起这样的念头：‘我吃这些食物，让饥饿和口渴所引起的痛苦感受，暂时止息，不再恼害我。’只是为了摄受梵行（Brahmacarya）而饮食。离开淫欲也叫做梵行，八支圣道（Arya Ashtanga Marga）也叫做梵行。在这里，指的是八支圣道叫做梵行。各位圣弟子在饮食的时候，只是生起这样的念头：‘我吃这些食物，为了摄受、随顺、增益八支圣道。’为了断除过去的感受，不生起新的感受而饮食。不饮食所引起的痛苦感受，叫做过去的感受；饱食所引起的痛苦感受，叫做新的感受。各位圣弟子在饮食的时候，只是生起这样的念头：‘我吃这些食物，为了
English
English version Not eating for the sake of various worldly amusements. Not eating for the sake of arrogance and indulgence, unlike some who, when eating, give rise to such thoughts: 'I eat this food, I must make myself full, so that my arrogance, indulgence, and intoxication arise, continuously despising everything, doing whatever unrestrained deeds I please.' Not eating for the sake of good looks, unlike some who, when eating, give rise to such thoughts: 'I eat this food, I must make myself full, so that my appearance is radiant and my skin is smooth.' Not eating for the sake of being dignified and beautiful, unlike some who, when eating, give rise to such thoughts: 'I eat this food, I must make myself full, so that my body achieves the most wonderful form and color, and is loved and respected by all.' But eating only for the sake of this body's temporary existence and sustenance. This 'body' is also called body, the body's faculties are also called body, the five sense faculties are also called body, the aggregate made of the four great elements is also called body. Here, it refers to the body that is the aggregate made of the four great elements. When the noble disciples eat, they only give rise to such thoughts: 'I eat this food, so that the body made of the four great elements may temporarily exist, remain, approach, and abide.' Therefore, it is called 'temporary existence.' When the noble disciples eat, they only give rise to such thoughts: 'I eat this food, so that the body made of the four great elements may be sustained, maintained, protected, and continue.' Therefore, it is called 'sustenance.' Eating only to stop hunger and thirst. Here, the painful feelings arising from hunger and thirst are called hunger and thirst. When the noble disciples eat, they only give rise to such thoughts: 'I eat this food, so that the painful feelings arising from hunger and thirst may be temporarily stopped and no longer harm me.' Eating only to support the Brahmacarya (梵行). Abstaining from sexual activity is also called Brahmacarya, the Noble Eightfold Path (Arya Ashtanga Marga) (八支圣道) is also called Brahmacarya. Here, it refers to the Noble Eightfold Path called Brahmacarya. When the noble disciples eat, they only give rise to such thoughts: 'I eat this food, in order to support, follow, and increase the Noble Eightfold Path.' Eating to abandon old feelings and not to create new feelings. The painful feelings arising from not eating are called old feelings; the painful feelings arising from overeating are called new feelings. When the noble disciples eat, they only give rise to such thoughts: 'I eat this food, in order to' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------