Chinese
显了表示开发纯无义事，是名无义语。不寂语者，谓所说语非诸智者先思而说率尔而说，是名不寂语。不静语者，谓所说语数数宣唱告示諠杂，是名不静语。无喻者，谓所说语无譬喻。无释者，谓所说语无解释。不相应者，谓所说语义不应文、文不应义，是名不相应。不相近者，谓所说语前后不相续或意趣有异，是名不相近。杂乱者，谓所说语不一不定，名为杂乱。若所说语纯一决定，名无杂乱。无法者，谓所说语越素呾缆及毗柰耶、阿毗达磨，是名无法。能引无义者，谓所说语能引种种不饶益事，是名能引无义语。杂秽语者，谓数宣说演畅表示杂秽语言，是名说杂秽语。不离杂秽语者，谓于恶心不善心所起恶行不善行所摄杂秽语，不离不断不厌不息，如是语言唱词评论语音语路语业语表，名杂秽语恶行。 四语妙行者，一、离虚诳语；二、离离间语；三、离粗恶语；四、离杂秽语。云何离虚诳语妙行？答：如世尊说：苾刍当知，有断虚诳语离虚诳语者，谛语、乐实、可信可保可住世间无诤说，如是语离虚诳语。此中有断虚诳语离虚诳语者者，谓断虚诳语者、离虚诳语者、厌虚诳语者、安住不虚诳语者、成就不虚诳语者，是名断虚诳语离虚诳语者。谛语者，谓所说语是实非不实、是真非不真、不虚妄不变异，是 现代汉语译本： 显了表示开发纯无义事，这叫做无义语。不寂语，是指所说的话不是智者们事先思考过的，而是轻率说出的，这叫做不寂语。不静语，是指所说的话频繁宣扬告示，喧闹杂乱，这叫做不静语。无喻，是指所说的话没有比喻。无释，是指所说的话没有解释。不相应，是指所说的话语义不符合文句，文句不符合语义，这叫做不相应。不相近，是指所说的话前后不连贯，或者意趣有差异，这叫做不相近。杂乱，是指所说的话不统一，不确定，叫做杂乱。如果所说的话纯一而确定，就叫做无杂乱。无法，是指所说的话违背了《素呾缆》（Sūtra，经）、《毗柰耶》（Vinaya，律）和《阿毗达磨》（Abhidharma，论），这叫做无法。能引无义，是指所说的话能引发各种没有利益的事情，这叫做能引无义语。杂秽语，是指频繁宣说、演畅、表示杂秽的语言，这叫做说杂秽语。不离杂秽语，是指对于恶心、不善心所产生的恶行、不善行所包含的杂秽语，不离开、不断绝、不厌恶、不停止，这样的语言、唱词、评论、语音、语路、语业、语表，叫做杂秽语恶行。 四语妙行是：一、远离虚诳语；二、远离离间语；三、远离粗恶语；四、远离杂秽语。什么是远离虚诳语的妙行？回答：正如世尊所说：‘比丘（Bhikṣu，出家男子）应当知道，有断除虚诳语、远离虚诳语的人，他们说真实的话，喜爱真实，可以相信，可以保证，可以安住在世间，没有争论’，这样的语言就是远离虚诳语。这里所说的‘断除虚诳语、远离虚诳语的人’，是指断除虚诳语的人、远离虚诳语的人、厌恶虚诳语的人、安住于不虚诳语的人、成就了不虚诳语的人，这叫做断除虚诳语、远离虚诳语的人。真实语，是指所说的话是真实的，不是不真实的，是真诚的，不是不真诚的，不虚妄，不变异，是...
English
English version: Clearly expressing and developing purely meaningless matters is called meaningless speech. 'Not silent speech' refers to speech that is not first contemplated by the wise but is spoken rashly; this is called 'not silent speech.' 'Not quiet speech' refers to speech that is frequently proclaimed and announced, noisy and chaotic; this is called 'not quiet speech.' 'Without simile' refers to speech that lacks similes. 'Without explanation' refers to speech that lacks explanations. 'Not corresponding' refers to speech where the meaning does not correspond to the words, or the words do not correspond to the meaning; this is called 'not corresponding.' 'Not proximate' refers to speech that is not continuous in its beginning and end, or whose intent differs; this is called 'not proximate.' 'Confused' refers to speech that is not unified or definite; this is called 'confused.' If speech is purely unified and definite, it is called 'not confused.' 'Without Dharma' refers to speech that violates the Sūtra (Sūtra, discourses), Vinaya (Vinaya, monastic rules), and Abhidharma (Abhidharma, higher teachings); this is called 'without Dharma.' 'Capable of leading to meaninglessness' refers to speech that can lead to various non-beneficial matters; this is called 'speech capable of leading to meaninglessness.' 'Defiled speech' refers to frequently proclaiming, expounding, and expressing defiled language; this is called 'speaking defiled speech.' 'Not separated from defiled speech' refers to defiled speech arising from evil and unwholesome minds, encompassed by evil and unwholesome actions, not separated, not ceased, not loathed, not stopped; such language, chants, comments, sounds, speech paths, verbal actions, and verbal expressions are called defiled speech and evil actions. The four excellent practices of speech are: 1. Abstaining from false speech; 2. Abstaining from divisive speech; 3. Abstaining from harsh speech; 4. Abstaining from defiled speech. What is the excellent practice of abstaining from false speech? The answer is: As the World Honored One said: 'Bhikṣus (Bhikṣu, ordained monks), you should know that there are those who have abandoned false speech and abstain from false speech, who speak truthfully, delight in truth, are trustworthy, reliable, and dwell in the world without contention'; such speech is abstaining from false speech. Here, 'those who have abandoned false speech and abstain from false speech' refers to those who have abandoned false speech, abstain from false speech, loathe false speech, abide in non-false speech, and have accomplished non-false speech; this is called 'those who have abandoned false speech and abstain from false speech.' Truthful speech refers to speech that is real, not unreal, sincere, not insincere, not false, not changing, is... --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
名谛语。乐实者，谓乐谛语、爱谛语不厌不舍，是名乐实。可信可保可住世间无诤者，谓由谛语，若天若魔若梵若沙门若婆罗门，若余世间天人众生，皆共信保安住无诤，是名可信可保可住世间无诤说。如是语者，谓数宣说演畅表示不虚诳语。离虚诳语者，谓于善心调柔心所起善行调柔行所摄离虚诳语，不离不断不厌不息，如是语言唱词评论语音语路语业语表，是名离虚诳语妙行。 云何离离间语妙行？答：如世尊说：苾刍当知，有断离间语离离间语者，不欲破坏，不闻此语向彼说为破坏此、不闻彼语向此说为破坏彼，诸乖离者令其和合、已和合者令永坚固，爱乐和合说如是语离离间语。此中有断离间语离离间语者者，谓断离间语者、离离间语者、厌离间语者、安住不离间语者、成就不离间语者，是名有断离间语离离间语者。不欲破坏者，谓欲和合。不闻此语向彼说为破坏此者，谓闻此说顺破坏语、顺不坚语、顺不摄语、顺不喜语，不向彼说，勿彼闻已便于此处乖反背叛，是名不闻此语向彼说为破坏此。不闻彼语向此说为破坏彼者，谓闻彼说顺破坏语、顺不坚语、顺不摄语、顺不喜语，不向此说，勿此闻已便于彼处乖反背叛，是名不闻彼语向此说。为破坏彼诸乖离者令其和合者，谓往此彼展转乖反背叛者所，种 现代汉语译本： 什么是名谛语？答：乐实者，是指对于乐谛语（令人快乐的真实之语）、爱谛语（令人喜爱的真实之语）不厌恶、不舍弃，这叫做乐实。可信、可保、可令世间安住无诤者，是指由于真实之语，无论是天、是魔、是梵天、是沙门（出家修行者）、是婆罗门（祭司），还是其他世间的天人众生，都共同信任、安心安住、没有争论，这叫做可信、可保、可令世间安住无诤之说。像这样的语者，是指多次宣说、演畅、表示不虚假、不欺骗的语言。远离虚诳语者，是指从善良的心、调柔的心所生起的善良行为、调柔行为所包含的远离虚诳语，不离开、不间断、不厌恶、不停止，这样的语言、唱词、评论、语音、语路、语业、语表，这叫做远离虚诳语的妙行。 什么是远离离间语的妙行？答：如世尊所说：‘比丘们应当知道，有断离间语、远离离间语者，不希望破坏关系，不把在这里听到的话向那里说，以破坏这里的关系；不把在那里听到的话向这里说，以破坏那里的关系；使那些关系破裂的人令他们和合，使已经和合的人令他们永远坚固，喜爱和合，说这样远离离间语的话。’这里面所说的‘有断离间语、远离离间语者’，是指断除离间语者、远离离间语者、厌恶离间语者、安住于不离间语者、成就于不离间语者，这叫做‘有断离间语、远离离间语者’。‘不希望破坏关系’，是指希望促成和合。‘不把在这里听到的话向那里说，以破坏这里的关系’，是指听到在这里说的话，顺应破坏关系的话、顺应不坚固的话、顺应不团结的话、顺应不喜悦的话，不向那里说，以免那里的人听到后，便在这里产生乖戾、反叛，这叫做‘不把在这里听到的话向那里说，以破坏这里的关系’。‘不把在那里听到的话向这里说，以破坏那里的关系’，是指听到在那里说的话，顺应破坏关系的话、顺应不坚固的话、顺应不团结的话、顺应不喜悦的话，不向这里说，以免这里的人听到后，便在那里产生乖戾、反叛，这叫做‘不把在那里听到的话向这里说’。‘使那些关系破裂的人令他们和合’，是指前往那些彼此之间辗转乖戾、反叛的人那里，种...
English
English version: What is 'Truthful Speech in Name'? Answer: 'Pleasant and Real' means not being averse to or abandoning 'Truthful Speech of Pleasure' (language that is truthful and brings joy) and 'Truthful Speech of Love' (language that is truthful and inspires affection). This is called 'Pleasant and Real'. 'Trustworthy, Secure, and Enabling the World to Abide Without Strife' means that due to truthful speech, whether it be gods, demons, Brahma, ascetics (Shramanas), Brahmins (priests), or other sentient beings in the world, they all trust, abide securely, and are without conflict. This is called 'Trustworthy, Secure, and Enabling the World to Abide Without Strife'. Such a speaker is one who repeatedly proclaims, expounds, and expresses language that is not false or deceptive. 'Abstaining from False and Deceptive Speech' means that from a kind heart and a gentle mind arise good actions and gentle conduct, encompassing abstaining from false and deceptive speech, without separation, without interruption, without aversion, without cessation. Such language, chants, comments, sounds, speech patterns, verbal actions, and expressions are called the 'Wonderful Practice of Abstaining from False and Deceptive Speech'. What is the 'Wonderful Practice of Abstaining from Divisive Speech'? Answer: As the World Honored One said: 'Bhikkhus (monks), know that there are those who have abandoned divisive speech and abstain from divisive speech, not desiring to destroy relationships. They do not repeat what they have heard here to those there, so as to destroy the relationship here; nor do they repeat what they have heard there to those here, so as to destroy the relationship there. They reconcile those who are estranged and strengthen those who are already united, delighting in harmony and speaking words that abstain from divisive speech.' Here, 'those who have abandoned divisive speech and abstain from divisive speech' refers to those who have cut off divisive speech, abstain from divisive speech, are averse to divisive speech, abide in non-divisive speech, and are accomplished in non-divisive speech. This is called 'those who have abandoned divisive speech and abstain from divisive speech'. 'Not desiring to destroy relationships' means desiring to promote harmony. 'They do not repeat what they have heard here to those there, so as to destroy the relationship here' means that upon hearing words spoken here that promote division, instability, disunity, or displeasure, they do not repeat them there, lest those there hear them and become alienated or rebellious here. This is called 'They do not repeat what they have heard here to those there, so as to destroy the relationship here'. 'They do not repeat what they have heard there to those here, so as to destroy the relationship there' means that upon hearing words spoken there that promote division, instability, disunity, or displeasure, they do not repeat them here, lest those here hear them and become alienated or rebellious there. This is called 'They do not repeat what they have heard there to those here'. 'They reconcile those who are estranged' refers to going to those who are mutually alienated and rebellious, sowing... --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
种方便令其和好更相爱乐，是名诸乖离者令其和合。已和合者令永坚固者，谓往此彼展转和合随顺喜乐无诤者所，作如是言：“善哉汝等，能共和合随顺喜乐不相乖诤。所以者何？汝等长夜更相赞美，言具净信戒闻舍慧故无乖诤，甚为善哉。”此彼闻已转共和合随顺喜乐永无乖诤，是名已和合者令永坚固。爱乐和合者，谓于此彼和合随顺喜乐无诤，深生爱乐不厌不舍，是名爱乐和合。说如是语者，谓数宣说演畅表示不离间语。离离间语者，谓于善心调柔心所起善行调柔行所摄离离间语，不离不断不厌不息，如是语言唱词评论语音语路语业语表，名离离间语妙行。 云何离粗恶语妙行？答：如世尊说：苾刍当知，有断粗恶语离粗恶语者，彼所发语，无过悦耳入心高胜美妙明了，易解乐闻可尚无依，众生所爱、众生所乐、众生所喜、众生所悦，令心无乱、能顺等持，说如是语离粗恶语。此中有断粗恶语离粗恶语者者，谓离粗恶语者、断粗恶语者、厌粗恶语者、安住离粗恶语者、成就离粗恶语者，是名有断粗恶语离粗恶语者。彼所发语无过者，谓所发语无曲秽浊亦不刚强，是名无过。悦耳者，谓所发语能令闻者利益安乐，是名悦耳。入心者，谓所发语令心离盖及随烦恼，安隐而住，是名入心。高胜者，谓宫城语，如宫 现代汉语译本 用某种方便的方法使他们和好，更加互相爱护喜悦，这叫做使不和的人和合。对于已经和合的人，使他们永远坚固，就是前往那些互相和合、随顺喜乐、没有争端的人那里，对他们说：‘太好了，你们能够共同和合，随顺喜乐，没有争端。为什么呢？因为你们长久以来互相赞美，具备清净的信心、戒律、学识、布施、智慧，所以没有争端，真是太好了。’这些人听了之后，更加互相和合，随顺喜乐，永远没有争端，这叫做使已经和合的人永远坚固。对于喜爱和合的人，就是对于那些互相和合、随顺喜乐、没有争端的人，深深地喜爱，不厌倦不舍弃，这叫做喜爱和合。说这样的话，就是经常宣说、演说、阐明不离间的话。远离离间的话，就是从善良的心、调柔的心所产生的善良行为、调柔行为所包含的远离离间的话，不离开、不中断、不厌倦、不停止，这样的语言、歌唱、评论、语音、语路、语业、语表，叫做远离离间的话的妙行。 什么是远离粗恶语的妙行？回答：就像世尊所说：‘比丘（bhiksu，佛教出家男众），应当知道，有断除粗恶语、远离粗恶语的人，他们所说的话，没有过失、悦耳、入心、高尚、殊胜、美妙、明了、容易理解、乐于听闻、值得称赞、没有依靠、众生所爱、众生所乐、众生所喜、众生所悦，使心没有散乱、能够顺应等持（samādhi，禅定），说这样的话就是远离粗恶语。’这里面，‘有断除粗恶语、远离粗恶语的人’，是指远离粗恶语的人、断除粗恶语的人、厌恶粗恶语的人、安住于远离粗恶语的人、成就远离粗恶语的人，这叫做‘有断除粗恶语、远离粗恶语的人’。‘他们所说的话没有过失’，是指所说的话没有弯曲、污秽、粗浊，也不刚强，这叫做‘没有过失’。‘悦耳’，是指所说的话能够使听者得到利益和安乐，这叫做‘悦耳’。‘入心’，是指所说的话使心远离覆盖和随烦恼，安稳地住着，这叫做‘入心’。‘高胜’，是指宫城语，比如宫