English
English version Again, definitively stating: 'For the sake of relatives and friends, I utter false and deceptive words to help them evade punishment, covering up what should be covered, concealing what should be concealed, and protecting what should be protected.' Having thought this, one then says to the king: 'My relatives and friends have never robbed others of their property. May the king discern that they are truly not thieves.' This is called either doing it for others. Or for the sake of gain, such as when a person harbors greed and thinks: 'I should devise false and deceptive lies to conveniently seek after desirable sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and tactile sensations, as well as clothing, food, bedding, medicine, and other resources.' Having thought this, one immediately pursues and seeks them out, and because of this reason, utters false and deceptive words. This is called either doing it for the sake of gain. Knowingly speaking false and deceptive words refers to carefully deciding and then repeatedly proclaiming, elaborating, and clearly expressing false and deceptive language. This is called knowingly speaking false and deceptive words. Not abstaining from false and deceptive speech refers to not abstaining from, not ceasing, not being disgusted by, and not stopping false and deceptive speech that is caused by evil and unwholesome thoughts, and encompassed by evil and unwholesome actions. Such language, chants, comments, voices, speech patterns, verbal actions, and verbal expressions are called the evil action of false and deceptive speech. What is the evil action of divisive speech? The answer: As the World Honored One said: 'Bhikkhus (bhiksu, monks), know that there are those who engage in divisive speech, who, having heard something here, tell it to others in order to break up this group; and having heard something there, tell it to others in order to break up that group. They cause those who are united to become estranged, and those who are already estranged to become permanently separated. They delight in division, speak divisive words, and do not abstain from divisive speech.' Among these, 'those who engage in divisive speech' refers to those who do not abstain from divisive speech, do not cease divisive speech, are not disgusted by divisive speech, abide in divisive speech, and are accomplished in divisive speech. This is called 'those who engage in divisive speech.' 'Having heard something here, tell it to others in order to break up this group' refers to hearing speech that promotes destruction, speech that is not firm, speech that does not gather, and speech that is not pleasing, and then proclaiming it to others, causing them to hear it and become alienated and rebellious from this place. This is called 'having heard something here, tell it to others in order to break up this group.' 'Having heard something there, tell it to others in order to break up that group' refers to hearing speech that promotes destruction, speech that is not firm, speech that does not gather, and speech that is not pleasing, and then proclaiming it to this --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
说，令此闻已便于彼处乖反背叛，是名闻彼语向此说为破彼故。诸和合者令其乖离者，谓往此彼展转和合随顺喜乐无诤者所，方便破坏令其乖离，是名诸和合者令其乖离。已乖离者令永间隔者，谓往此彼已相乖反背叛者所，作如是言：“善哉汝等，已能展转乖反背叛。所以者何？汝等长夜更相呰毁，言不具信戒闻舍慧故，能展转乖反背叛甚为善哉。”此彼闻已转相乖反、转相背叛，是名已乖离者令永间隔。爱乐离间者，谓于此彼乖反背叛，深生爱乐不厌不舍，是名爱乐离间。说离间语者，谓数宣说演畅表示离间语言，是名说离间语。不离离间语者，谓于恶心不善心所起恶行不善行所摄离间语，不离不断不厌不息，如是语言唱词评论语音语路语业语表，名离间语恶行。 云何粗恶语恶行？答：如世尊说：苾刍当知，有粗恶语者，彼所发语能恼涩强，令他辛楚、令他愤恚，众生不爱、众生不乐、众生不喜、众生不悦，令心扰乱能障等持，说粗恶语、不离粗恶语。此中有粗恶语者者，谓不离粗恶语者、不断粗恶语者、不厌粗恶语者、安住粗恶语者、成就粗恶语者，是名有粗恶语者。彼所发语能恼者，谓所发语鄙秽粗犷，是名能恼。涩强者，谓所发语不滑不软亦不调顺，是名涩强。令他辛楚者，谓所发语令能闻者无利无 现代汉语译本： 说，为了让听到这些话的人在那个地方产生不和、反叛，这就是所谓的‘听到那边的言语后向这边说，为了破坏他们’。使那些和合的人产生不和，是指前往那些彼此和合、顺从、喜乐、没有争端的人那里，用各种方法破坏他们，使他们产生不和，这就是所谓的‘使那些和合的人产生不和’。对于已经不和的人，使他们永远隔离，是指前往那些已经彼此不和、反叛的人那里，说这样的话：‘太好了，你们已经能够彼此不和、反叛。为什么呢？因为你们长久以来都在互相指责，说对方不具备信心、戒律、学识、布施、智慧，所以你们能够彼此不和、反叛，真是太好了。’这些人听到这些话后，更加互相不和、更加互相反叛，这就是所谓的‘对于已经不和的人，使他们永远隔离’。喜爱离间的人，是指对于这种彼此不和、反叛的状态，深深地喜爱，不厌倦、不舍弃，这就是所谓的‘喜爱离间’。说离间语的人，是指经常宣说、演说、展示离间的语言，这就是所谓的‘说离间语’。不停止离间语的人，是指由恶心、不善心所引起的恶行、不善行所包含的离间语，不停止、不断绝、不厌倦、不停止，这样的语言、唱词、评论、语音、语路、语业、语表，都叫做离间语的恶行。 什么是粗恶语的恶行？回答：正如世尊所说：‘比丘们应当知道，有所谓的粗恶语，这种语言所发出的声音能够使人恼怒、生硬、强烈，使他人感到辛苦、使他人感到愤怒，众生不喜爱、众生不快乐、众生不高兴、众生不喜悦，使内心扰乱，能够障碍禅定，说粗恶语、不停止粗恶语。’这里面所说的‘有粗恶语者’，是指不停止粗恶语的人、不断绝粗恶语的人、不厌倦粗恶语的人、安住于粗恶语的人、成就粗恶语的人，这就是所谓的‘有粗恶语者’。‘他所发出的语言能够使人恼怒’，是指所发出的语言鄙陋、粗俗、野蛮，这就是所谓的‘能够使人恼怒’。‘生硬、强烈’，是指所发出的语言不圆滑、不柔和、也不调顺，这就是所谓的‘生硬、强烈’。‘使他人感到辛苦’，是指所发出的语言使听到的人没有利益、没有
English
English version: To say things that, upon being heard, cause discord and betrayal in that place – this is called 'speaking about them to this side in order to break them apart.' To cause discord among those who are in harmony means going to those who are harmoniously united, compliant, joyful, without strife, and using skillful means to disrupt them, causing them to become discordant. This is called 'causing discord among those who are in harmony.' To permanently separate those who are already discordant means going to those who are already in discord and betrayal, and saying things like: 'Excellent! You have been able to betray and be discordant with each other. Why? Because for a long time, you have been criticizing each other, saying that the other lacks faith (śraddhā), discipline (śīla), learning (śruta), generosity (tyāga), and wisdom (prajñā). It is very good that you are able to betray and be discordant with each other.' Upon hearing this, they become even more discordant and betray each other even more. This is called 'permanently separating those who are already discordant.' To delight in discord means to deeply love, without厌倦 or abandoning, this state of discord and betrayal. This is called 'delighting in discord.' To speak divisive speech means to frequently proclaim, expound, and display divisive language. This is called 'speaking divisive speech.' Not abandoning divisive speech means that the divisive speech arising from evil and unwholesome thoughts, encompassed by evil and unwholesome actions, is not abandoned, not ceased, not厌倦d, not stopped. Such language, chants, comments, vocal expressions, verbal paths, verbal actions, and verbal displays are called the evil action of divisive speech. What is the evil action of harsh speech? The answer is: As the World-Honored One said: 'Bhikkhus, you should know that there is such a thing as harsh speech. The words spoken are capable of being annoying, rough, and strong, causing others to suffer, causing others to be angry, not loved by beings, not enjoyed by beings, not liked by beings, not pleasing to beings, disturbing the mind, and hindering samādhi (concentration). Speaking harsh speech, not abandoning harsh speech.' Here, 'one who has harsh speech' refers to one who does not abandon harsh speech, does not cease harsh speech, is not厌倦d of harsh speech, dwells in harsh speech, and is accomplished in harsh speech. This is called 'one who has harsh speech.' 'The words spoken are capable of being annoying' means that the words spoken are base, coarse, and vulgar. This is called 'capable of being annoying.' 'Rough and strong' means that the words spoken are not smooth, not soft, and not harmonious. This is called 'rough and strong.' 'Causing others to suffer' means that the words spoken bring no benefit, no --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
乐，是名令他辛楚。令他愤恚者，谓所发语先自愤恚忿恼忧戚，亦令他生愤恚等事，是名令他愤恚。众生不爱、众生不乐、众生不喜、众生不悦者，谓所发语令多有情不爱不乐不喜不悦，是名众生不爱乃至不悦。令心扰乱者，谓所发语令心躁动扰浊不得安定，是名令心扰乱。能障等持者，谓所发语令他闻已，其心躁动扰浊不得安定，是名能障等持。说粗恶语者，谓数宣说演畅表示粗恶语言，是名说粗恶语。不离粗恶语者，谓于恶心不善心所起恶行不善行所摄粗恶语，不离不断不厌不息，如是语言唱词评论语音语路语业语表，名粗恶语恶行。 云何杂秽语恶行？答：如世尊说：苾刍当知，有杂秽语者，说非时语、非实语、非真语、无法语、无义语、不寂语、不静语，无喻无释、不相应不相近、杂乱无法、能引无义，说杂秽语、不离杂秽语。此中有杂秽语者者，谓不离杂秽语者、不断杂秽语者、不厌杂秽语者、安住杂秽语者、成就杂秽语者，是名有杂秽语者。说非时语者，谓所说语非时不应时、非节不应节、非分不应分，是名说非时语。非实语者，谓所说语不实不称实，是名非实语。非真语者，谓所说语虚妄变异，是名非真语。无法语者，谓所说语宣说显了表示开发纯非法事，是名无法语。无义语者，谓所说语宣说 现代汉语译本 使他人痛苦，即是使他人感到辛楚（痛苦）。使他人愤怒，是指自己所说的话语先带有愤怒、恼怒、忧愁的情绪，也使他人产生愤怒等情绪，这称为使他人愤怒。不被众生喜爱、不被众生喜欢、不被众生喜悦、不被众生高兴，是指所说的话语使很多有情众生不喜爱、不喜欢、不喜悦、不高兴，这称为不被众生喜爱乃至不高兴。使人心烦意乱，是指所说的话语使人心浮躁、扰乱、浑浊，无法安定，这称为使人心烦意乱。能够障碍等持（禅定），是指所说的话语使他人听了之后，内心浮躁、扰乱、浑浊，无法安定，这称为能够障碍等持。说粗恶语，是指经常宣说、演说、表示粗暴恶劣的语言，这称为说粗恶语。不离粗恶语，是指由恶心、不善心所引起的恶行、不善行所包含的粗暴恶劣的语言，不离开、不断绝、不厌恶、不停止，这样的语言、唱词、评论、语音、语路、语业、语表，称为粗恶语恶行。 什么是杂秽语恶行？回答：如世尊所说：‘比丘们应当知道，有所谓的杂秽语，就是说不合时宜的话、不真实的话、不真诚的话、不符合佛法的话、没有意义的话、不寂静的话、不安静的话，没有比喻没有解释、不相应不相近、杂乱无章、能够引向无意义，说杂秽语、不离开杂秽语。’这里面所说的‘有杂秽语者’，是指不离开杂秽语的人、不断绝杂秽语的人、不厌恶杂秽语的人、安住于杂秽语的人、成就杂秽语的人，这称为有杂秽语者。说非时语，是指所说的话语不合时宜、不应时，不合时节、不应时节，不合分寸、不应分寸，这称为说非时语。非实语，是指所说的话语不真实、不符合事实，这称为非实语。非真语，是指所说的话语虚假、变异，这称为非真语。无法语，是指所说的话语宣说、显露、表示、开发纯粹不符合佛法的事情，这称为无法语。无义语，是指所说的话语宣说
English
English version Causing suffering to others is called making them experience '辛楚' (xīn chǔ, suffering). Causing anger to others refers to one's own words being filled with anger, annoyance, and sorrow, which in turn causes anger and similar emotions in others; this is called causing anger to others. Not being loved by sentient beings, not being liked by sentient beings, not being rejoiced in by sentient beings, not being pleased by sentient beings, refers to words that cause many sentient beings to not love, not like, not rejoice in, and not be pleased; this is called not being loved by sentient beings, and so on, up to not being pleased. Causing mental disturbance refers to words that cause the mind to be agitated, disturbed, and turbid, unable to be at peace; this is called causing mental disturbance. Being able to obstruct '等持' (děng chí, samadhi/equanimity) refers to words that, when heard by others, cause their minds to be agitated, disturbed, and turbid, unable to be at peace; this is called being able to obstruct '等持' (děng chí, samadhi/equanimity). Speaking coarse and evil language refers to frequently proclaiming, expounding, and expressing coarse and evil language; this is called speaking coarse and evil language. Not being separate from coarse and evil language refers to coarse and evil language arising from evil intentions and unwholesome thoughts, encompassed by evil actions and unwholesome actions, not being separated from, not being cut off from, not being disgusted with, not ceasing; such language, chants, comments, sounds, speech patterns, verbal actions, and verbal expressions are called coarse and evil language and evil actions. What is the evil action of mixed and impure speech? The answer is: As the World Honored One said: 'Bhikkhus, you should know that there is such a thing as mixed and impure speech, which is speaking out of time, speaking untruthfully, speaking insincerely, speaking without Dharma, speaking without meaning, speaking without tranquility, speaking without stillness, without analogy, without explanation, not corresponding, not close, chaotic and without Dharma, able to lead to meaninglessness, speaking mixed and impure speech, not being separate from mixed and impure speech.' Here, 'one who has mixed and impure speech' refers to one who does not separate from mixed and impure speech, one who does not cut off mixed and impure speech, one who does not detest mixed and impure speech, one who dwells in mixed and impure speech, one who accomplishes mixed and impure speech; this is called one who has mixed and impure speech. Speaking out of time refers to speaking words that are not timely, not appropriate, not seasonal, not appropriate for the season, not measured, not appropriate for the measure; this is called speaking out of time. Untruthful speech refers to speaking words that are not true, not in accordance with reality; this is called untruthful speech. Insincere speech refers to speaking words that are false and altered; this is called insincere speech. Speech without Dharma refers to speaking words that proclaim, reveal, express, and develop purely non-Dharma matters; this is called speech without Dharma. Meaningless speech refers to speaking words that proclaim --------------------------------------------------------------------------------