English
English version Everywhere above and below, fire fills every space. Pursuing the flames, the body is completely burned, with no part untouched by pain. In this place, those who kill their parents, Arhats (Arahan, enlightened saints who have attained Nirvana), harbor malicious intent towards the Tathagata (Buddha), disrupt the Sangha (the community of Buddhist monks), or commit the ten evil deeds are drawn here by these karmic connections. There is no forgiveness in these three cases. The Karma Hell, in the bends of rivers, the bellies of rocks, and vast wildernesses, suffers all kinds of torments. This is the Karma Hell. All of these are hells. Question: What are animals (beasts)? Answer: Animals include those that move on land, water, and in the sky (Sutras). All that are footless, two-footed, and many-footed (Sutras). Animals move on land, water, and in the sky. Among land animals, cattle, donkeys, and camels are the foremost. Among water animals, fish, Makaras (a type of sea monster), and Shishumaras (an aquatic animal) are the foremost. Among sky animals, birds and other small insects. All are footless, two-footed, and many-footed. Among footless animals, snakes are the foremost. Among two-footed animals, crows are the foremost. Among many-footed animals, centipedes, bees, and millipedes are the foremost. They are born here because of their various evil deeds and actions that increase ignorance. Question: What are hungry ghosts (Pretas)? Answer: Hungry ghosts include those with no food, little food, and much food (Sutras). These three, in short, encompass various kinds of hungry ghosts. Question: What are hungry ghosts with no food? Answer: Those with no food include those with torch-flame mouths, needle mouths, and foul mouths (Sutras). Torch-flame mouths, needle mouths, and foul mouths, these are the hungry ghosts with no food. Among them, those with torch-flame mouths have flames emanating from their mouths that burn their own faces, like a torch. They suffer this karmic consequence because of their stinginess and jealousy towards others. Those with needle mouths have bellies as large as mountains but mouths as small as needle holes, so even when they see plenty of food, they cannot eat it. Those with foul mouths have breath as foul as the stench of feces or the stench of a burning corpse, and the foul odor from their mouths inwardly scorches their five organs, causing frustration and bloating, and the breath cannot escape (they have no belly, and their bodies are small). They suffer various kinds of torments because of their longing for food; these are the hungry ghosts with no food. Question: What are hungry ghosts with little food? Answer: Those with little food include those with foul hair, needle hair, and throat tumors (Sutras). Foul hair, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
针毛、咽瘿，此是少食。或少得不净食，是故少食。彼毛针者，牢坚长头利毛覆身节，各各不相近(恐相触毛入深也)，毛还自刺身，如鹿被利箭苦，值得便食(逢物便啮)。臭毛，名极臭毛覆身，风吹自毛臭气起，熏鼻发恚意，自灭毛，更此苦。咽瘿，名由己因缘生下转转破瘿，臭脓血流而各食之。 问：云何大食？ 答：大食，弃吐，残食，大飞(修妒路)。彼弃吐食有二，故与，族终亡者去(得也。无种中此世种，亲祀七，一亲族则得食也。佛答吐也)不故与者，街巷四道所遗落者去，受身如此。彼前弃及吐，闻吐声，如被请走，食吐以为力，天祠为首。施已而还夺，因此生彼。彼大飞，阅又、罗刹、厌鬼，畜生、人、天作形(修妒路。其人上三至厌鬼，亦修妒路也)此是饿鬼。火飞鬼，彼像如天，自然住，由因缘或有好衣食，而不得食。无量百饿鬼营从，如亲堕狱来，见诸亲大愁苦欲吐，以此为患(如天一也，好食二也，无量三也)畜生、人、天，此饿鬼畜生形、人形、天形，若干种行所致。此欲界中。 问：云何色界中？ 答：色界中及念、无念乐、护行(修妒路)。色界名彼无欲，但由禅使然，除瞋恚得柔和，色净如金。此是界义。此及念行、无念行、苦乐灭护行也。及念者乐 现代汉语译本 针毛、咽瘿，这是少食（所得食物少）的果报。或者因为得到不干净的食物，所以导致少食。那些身生针毛的饿鬼，坚硬、长而尖利的毛覆盖身体的关节，而且这些毛互不靠近（恐怕互相触碰，毛会刺入身体深处），这些毛还会自己刺伤身体，就像鹿被利箭射中一样痛苦，它们只有遇到什么就吃什么（逢物便啮）。还有一种饿鬼叫臭毛，极臭的毛覆盖身体，风吹动时，毛发散出臭气，熏得鼻子发怒，心生烦躁，它们自己灭除这些毛，更加痛苦。咽瘿，指的是因为自身业力因缘而生长的，向下蔓延溃烂的瘿，臭脓血流出，而它们就以这些为食。 问：什么样的情况导致大食（所得食物多）的果报？ 答：大食，指的是吃别人丢弃的呕吐物、残羹剩饭，以及大飞（修妒路，指各种形态的饿鬼）。那些吃呕吐物和残羹剩饭的饿鬼有两种情况，一种是别人故意给它们的，因为这个家族有亲人去世（亡者得食。没有后代的人家，这一世种福，亲人祭祀七代，那么这个亲族就能得到食物。佛陀回答说这是因为吃了呕吐物）。另一种不是故意给它们的，而是街巷四处遗落的食物，它们就靠这些维持生命。那些吃呕吐物和残羹剩饭的饿鬼，听到呕吐的声音，就像被邀请一样跑过去，以呕吐物为力量，以天祠为首要目标。还有一种情况是，布施之后又反悔夺回，因此导致生为大食饿鬼。那些大飞饿鬼，有阅又、罗刹、厌鬼，以及畜生、人、天等各种形态（修妒路。这些人如果投生到厌鬼道，也是修妒路）。这些都是饿鬼。 火飞鬼，它们的形象像天人一样，自然存在，因为过去的因缘，或许会有好的衣食，但是却无法吃到。无数百千的饿鬼围绕着它们，就像亲人堕入地狱一样，看到亲人非常愁苦想要呕吐，以此为患（如天人一样，是好的食物，无数百千的饿鬼围绕）。畜生、人、天，这些饿鬼有畜生形、人形、天形，是各种行为所导致的。这些都在欲界之中。 问：什么样的行为导致**中（此处原文缺失，根据上下文推测应为“乐中”）的果报？ 答：**中（乐中）指的是念、无念乐、护行（修妒路）。**（乐）指的是没有欲望，只是因为禅定的力量，去除嗔恚而得到柔和，身体的颜色像金子一样清净。这是界义。这里指的是念行、无念行、苦乐灭护行。以及念者乐。
English
English version Needle-hair and throat-goiter, this is the result of little food (little food obtained). Or because of obtaining unclean food, therefore leading to little food. Those hungry ghosts with needle-hair have hard, long, and sharp hairs covering the joints of their bodies, and these hairs are not close to each other (lest they touch each other and the hairs penetrate deep into the body). These hairs also prick their own bodies, like a deer being shot by sharp arrows, suffering greatly. They eat whatever they encounter (gnawing at anything they find). There is also a kind of hungry ghost called foul-hair, with extremely foul hair covering their bodies. When the wind blows, the hair emits a foul odor, irritating their noses and causing anger and agitation. They try to get rid of these hairs, adding to their suffering. Throat-goiter refers to goiters that grow due to their own karmic causes, spreading downwards and festering, with foul pus and blood flowing out, which they then eat. Question: What kind of situation leads to the result of abundant food (obtaining much food)? Answer: Abundant food refers to eating others' discarded vomit, leftovers, and the 'great flyers' (xiu du lu, referring to various forms of hungry ghosts). Those hungry ghosts who eat vomit and leftovers have two situations. One is that others deliberately give it to them because a family has a deceased relative (the deceased obtains food. If a family has no descendants, planting blessings in this life, and relatives make offerings for seven generations, then this family can obtain food. The Buddha answered that this is because they ate vomit). The other is that it is not deliberately given to them, but rather food left scattered in streets and alleys, and they rely on this to sustain their lives. Those hungry ghosts who eat vomit and leftovers, upon hearing the sound of vomiting, rush over as if invited, taking vomit as their strength, with heavenly shrines as their primary goal. Another situation is when someone makes a donation and then regrets it and takes it back, thus causing them to be born as hungry ghosts with abundant food. Those 'great flyer' hungry ghosts include Yueyou, Rakshasa, Yan ghosts, as well as various forms such as animals, humans, and devas (xiu du lu. If these people are reborn into the Yan ghost realm, they are also xiu du lu). These are all hungry ghosts. Fire-flyer ghosts, their forms are like devas, existing naturally. Due to past causes, they may have good clothing and food, but they cannot eat it. Countless hundreds and thousands of hungry ghosts surround them, like relatives falling into hell, seeing their relatives in great sorrow and wanting to vomit, suffering from this (like devas, they have good food, and countless hundreds and thousands of hungry ghosts surround them). Animals, humans, and devas, these hungry ghosts have animal forms, human forms, and deva forms, caused by various actions. These are all within the desire realm. Question: What kind of behavior leads to the result of **in (here the original text is missing, inferred to be 'joy')? Answer: **(Joy) refers to mindfulness, non-mindfulness joy, and protective conduct (xiu du lu). **(Joy) refers to having no desires, but only due to the power of meditation, removing anger and obtaining gentleness, with a body color as pure as gold. This is the meaning of the realm. This refers to mindful conduct, non-mindful conduct, and the protective conduct of extinguishing suffering and joy. And the mindful one is joyful. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
，是故及念除念。是无念，除苦乐息也，观疾转高解脱，如御马车。 问：云何及念？ 答：及念，及念自觉、无觉、自行(修妒路)。及自觉是自觉除，自觉无觉也。乐如是如此禅说，自觉初也，无行二也，无觉初二中间。此禅行色界生也。随众生为说禅。 问：云何自觉生？ 答：自觉者，梵富酸(净师)、梵迦夷(净身)、梵波梨沙(眷属。修妒路也)。自觉行禅已生彼中。净师、净身、净眷属，生已下中上随其乐。大梵无觉生，无觉无行义。 问：云何无行？答无行者，波栗阿婆(少光)、阿波摩那阿婆(无量光也)、阿婆嘬罗遮(光音，速末反。修妒路)。无行及念乐生此天。少光、无量光、光音，此名随所欲。或杂想口语光出少，是故少光。口出光多，故言无量。清净无量，故言光音(清净口言明净)。问已说念乐。云何无念？ 答：无念，彼栗多首波(少净)、阿波罗摩那(无量净)、首波首波讫栗那(修妒路。遍净)。无念也，乐禅俱去(得也)，生彼三天。彼少净名，少是一义。此是少功俱去少，三禅生少净天如是少乐报中，中、无量净生上生遍净。 问：云何护行(自守)？ 答：护行，护乐、无想、首陀跋婆(净居也。修妒路)。护俱去( 现代汉语译本：因此，要通过正念来去除杂念。这就是无念的状态，去除苦乐，达到止息。观察疾病，逐渐达到解脱，就像驾驭马车一样。 问：什么是正念？ 答：正念，就是保持正念的自觉、无觉、自行（修妒路）。自觉就是自觉地去除，自觉地达到无觉。快乐就像禅定中所说的那样，自觉是初禅，无行是二禅，无觉是初禅和二禅的中间状态。这种禅定修行会带来**的产生。随顺众生的根器来宣说禅法。 问：自觉是如何产生的？ 答：自觉的人，会生于梵富酸（净师）、梵迦夷（净身）、梵波梨沙（眷属，修妒路）等天界。自觉修行禅定后，就会生于这些地方。净师、净身、净眷属，根据其乐欲，分为下、中、上等层次。大梵天是无觉而生的，无觉意味着没有行为。 问：什么是无行？ 答：无行的人，会生于波栗阿婆（少光）、阿波摩那阿婆（无量光）、阿婆嘬罗遮（光音，速末反，修妒路）等天界。无行以及正念和快乐会使人往生到这些天界。少光、无量光、光音，这些名称都随其所欲而定。或者因为杂念和口语而发出少许光芒，所以称为少光。口中发出很多光芒，所以称为无量光。清净而无量，所以称为光音（清净的口语明净）。 问：已经说了正念和快乐，那么什么是无念？ 答：无念的人，会生于彼栗多首波（少净）、阿波罗摩那（无量净）、首波首波讫栗那（修妒路，遍净）等天界。无念，以及快乐和禅定一同离去（得到），会往生到这三天。其中的少净，少就是一种含义。这是因为少许功德一同离去而生于少净天，就像三禅生于少净天一样，处于少乐的果报之中，中等功德生于无量净天，上等功德生于遍净天。 问：什么是护行（自守）？ 答：护行，就是守护快乐、无想、首陀跋婆（净居，修妒路）。守护一同离去（
English
English version: Therefore, one should use mindfulness to eliminate thoughts. This is the state of no-thought, eliminating suffering and pleasure, and reaching cessation. Observing illness, gradually attain liberation, like controlling a chariot. Question: What is mindfulness? Answer: Mindfulness is maintaining mindfulness of self-awareness, non-awareness, and self-practice (Sutra). Self-awareness is self-aware elimination, self-aware non-awareness. Pleasure is as described in meditation, self-awareness is the first dhyana, non-action is the second dhyana, non-awareness is the intermediate state between the first and second dhyanas. This meditation practice will bring about the arising of **. Teach the Dharma of meditation according to the capacity of sentient beings. Question: How does self-awareness arise? Answer: Those with self-awareness will be born in realms such as Brahma Parisadya (Pure Teachers), Brahma Purohita (Pure Body), and Maha Brahma (Retinue, Sutra). After practicing self-aware meditation, one will be born in these places. Pure Teachers, Pure Body, Pure Retinue, according to their desires, are divided into lower, middle, and upper levels. The Great Brahma is born without awareness, and non-awareness means no action. Question: What is non-action? Answer: Those with non-action will be born in realms such as Parittabha (Minor Light), Appamanabha (Immeasurable Light), and Abhasvara (Radiant Sound, Sutra). Non-action, as well as mindfulness and pleasure, will cause one to be born in these heavens. Minor Light, Immeasurable Light, and Radiant Sound, these names are all determined according to their desires. Or because of mixed thoughts and speech, a little light is emitted, so it is called Minor Light. Much light is emitted from the mouth, so it is called Immeasurable Light. Pure and immeasurable, so it is called Radiant Sound (pure speech is clear). Question: Mindfulness and pleasure have already been discussed, so what is no-thought? Answer: Those with no-thought will be born in realms such as Parittasubha (Minor Purity), Appamanasubha (Immeasurable Purity), and Subhakinhna (Sutra, Universal Purity). No-thought, as well as pleasure and meditation departing together (attainment), will be born in these three heavens. Among them, Minor Purity, minor is one meaning. This is because a little merit departs together and is born in the Minor Purity heaven, just like the third dhyana is born in the Minor Purity heaven, being in the reward of minor pleasure, middle merit is born in the Immeasurable Purity heaven, and upper merit is born in the Universal Purity heaven. Question: What is guarding practice (self-protection)? Answer: Guarding practice is guarding pleasure, non-perception, and Suddhavasa (Pure Abode, Sutra). Guarding departs together ( --------------------------------------------------------------------------------