English
English version: If there isn't a clean kitchen in the place where the Sangha (Buddhist monastic community) resides, and if the Sangha gathers to perform Karma (actions, deeds) to make the best room into a clean kitchen, the Buddha does not allow it; the second best room should be used as a clean kitchen. If Karma has already been performed, it should be undone, and the second best room should be designated as the clean kitchen. 'The reason why it is not allowed to spread brocade on the Cankrama (a place for walking meditation) is that a donor brought very precious brocade from their country to donate to the Sangha. After the Sangha received it, they used it to spread on the Cankrama. When the donor saw it later, they complained, saying, 'Why do the Bhikkhus (Buddhist monks) have no sense of cherishing? How can such precious items be spread on the Cankrama and trampled upon?' This was eventually heard by the Bhagavan (the Blessed One, the Buddha), who told the Bhikkhus, 'From now on, good and precious items donated by donors should not be spread on the Cankrama.' 'There are two types of Bhikkhus (Buddhist monks) who are not allowed to reside with the Sangha: one is a Bhikkhu who acts separately from the Sangha; the other is a Bhikkhu who is not in accordance with the Dharma (Buddhist teachings), and when a wise person advises him, he does not listen and leaves the temple on his own. These two types of people are not allowed to reside together.' 'If a donor donates land to the Sangha, the Buddha allows the Sangha to receive and use it. This is called land.' 'There are five types of trees that Bhikkhus (Buddhist monks) are not allowed to cut down: first, the Bodhi tree (the tree under which the Buddha attained enlightenment); second, the spirit tree; third, the Jambudvipa tree (a type of tree in ancient India); fourth, the Asvattha tree (a type of fig tree); fifth, the Nyagrodha tree (the banyan tree).' 'Some sons of the Shakya clan became monks, and Upali (one of the Buddha's ten principal disciples, known for his strict adherence to the Vinaya) was their family barber. They called him and said, 'You have served us for a long time. Now we are about to leave, and there is nothing else we can give you, except for the good precious clothes, necklaces (Necklace), bracelets (Bracelet), and a knife adorned with seven treasures that we are wearing. We give them all to you.' After Upali received them, he thought to himself, 'These people are of high status and noble lineage, yet they are able to give up everything to seek the path. How much more so should I, who am of humble status, suffer by guarding these treasures?' So he wrapped them in three layers of cloth and hung them on a tree, saying, 'Whoever needs them can take them as they please.' Then he followed the sons of the Shakya clan to see the Buddha and become a monk.' 'If a Bhikkhu (Buddhist monk) plants three types of trees for the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha): first, fruit trees; second, flower trees; third, leaf trees, this only brings merit and no fault.' 'There was a Bhikkhu (Buddhist monk) who liked to dwell in a quiet place under a tree, and he went to report to the Bhagavan (the Blessed One, the Buddha): 'Is it permissible to dwell under a tree...' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
安居不？’佛言：‘可得安居。’心中生疑，复更问佛：‘大小树下复得安居耶？’佛言：‘大者益好，若无，极小者高于人，枝叶四布稠致极厚，雨雪不漏日光不彻。如此树下可得安居。’ “有比丘树上安居，缚木作床，即不下树放便利树下。此树有大鬼，忿瞋打此比丘杀。佛言：‘从今已去，不听比丘树上安居、树下便利。’ “佛未制戒前，比丘尼皆冢间树下空闲处坐禅经行。花色比丘尼得无著果，行坐威仪善有法式。贼主行来会遇见之，即生信心。去余处食已，有余长肉，以叠裹之悬着树上，作是愿言：‘若有阿罗汉得道者，中前或来至此，可得中食。’花色尼六通具足，遥闻此言，明日遣沙弥尼往取。 “尔时世尊随路而行，到一树下敷座而坐。值遇毗赖吒子散祇耶六十乘车载黑石蜜供佛及僧。树因缘如是广知。 “有比丘共一女人独树下坐，俗人见之嫌言：‘云何沙门与女人独树下坐？’诸比丘闻已往白世尊。佛言：‘从今已后，不听比丘独共女人树下坐。’ “若众僧地中有树木枯者，不得独取燃火。何以故？此是属四方僧故。若僧地中有好树，众和合得用作佛塔僧房，不和不得。若大众中三四人别作大房共住，作房地中先有树，众僧分处与得用。若僧不分处与，不 现代汉语译本： ‘可以安居吗？’佛说：‘可以安居。’心中产生疑问，又问佛：‘在大树下和小树下都可以安居吗？’佛说：‘大的更好，如果没有，极小的树只要高于人，枝叶四面分布非常茂密，雨雪不漏，阳光不透。这样的树下就可以安居。’ 有比丘在树上安居，用绳子缚木头做床，就在树上大小便。这棵树有大鬼，非常愤怒，打了这个比丘，把他杀死了。佛说：‘从今以后，不允许比丘在树上安居、在树下大小便。’ 佛未制定戒律之前，比丘尼们都在坟墓间、树下、空闲的地方坐禅经行。花色比丘尼证得了无著果（Arahantaphala，阿罗汉果），行住坐卧的威仪都很好，有法度。贼主（leader of thieves）行走时遇见了她，就生起了信心。他去其他地方吃完饭后，有多余的长肉，就用布叠包起来，悬挂在树上，发愿说：‘如果有阿罗汉得道者，中午之前或者来到这里，可以得到这份食物。’花色尼（Khallatikatheri，花色比丘尼）具有六神通，遥远地听到了这些话，第二天派遣沙弥尼（novice nun）前去取。 当时，世尊（Bhagavan，佛）沿着道路行走，到一棵树下铺设座位坐下。正好遇到毗赖吒子（Vairatazi，人名）用六十辆车运载黑石蜜（black molasses）供养佛和僧众。树的因缘就是这样广泛地为人所知。 有比丘和一个女人独自在树下坐着，俗人看见了，嫌弃地说：‘为什么沙门（Shramana，出家人）要和女人独自在树下坐着？’诸位比丘听了之后，去禀告世尊。佛说：‘从今以后，不允许比丘独自和女人在树下坐。’ 如果众僧（Sangha，僧团）的土地中有树木枯萎了，不得独自取来燃烧。为什么呢？因为这是属于四方僧众的。如果僧团的土地中有好的树木，僧众和合同意，可以用来建造佛塔（Buddha-stupa，佛塔）和僧房（monastery），不和合就不能用。如果大众中三四个人另外建造大房子一起居住，建造房子的地方先前有树木，僧众分给他们，就可以使用。如果僧众不分给他们，就不行。
English
English version: 'Is it permissible to dwell in a place?' The Buddha said, 'It is permissible to dwell.' Doubting in his mind, he further asked the Buddha, 'Is it permissible to dwell under large and small trees?' The Buddha said, 'The larger the better. If there is none, even the smallest tree, as long as it is taller than a person, with branches and leaves spreading densely, so that rain and snow do not leak through and sunlight does not penetrate, it is permissible to dwell under such a tree.' There was a Bhikkhu (monk) dwelling on a tree, tying wood to make a bed, and he would relieve himself on the tree without descending. This tree had a large ghost, who, in anger, struck and killed the Bhikkhu. The Buddha said, 'From now on, Bhikkhus are not allowed to dwell on trees or relieve themselves under trees.' Before the Buddha established the precepts, Bhikkhunis (nuns) would sit in meditation and walk in the cemeteries, under trees, and in secluded places. Bhikkhuni Khallatikatheri (Khallatikatheri, Flower-colored Nun) attained the Arahantaphala (Arahantaphala, Fruit of Arahantship), and her deportment in walking, standing, sitting, and lying down was excellent and in accordance with the Dharma. A thief chief (leader of thieves) encountered her while walking and developed faith. After eating elsewhere, he had leftover meat, which he wrapped in cloth and hung on a tree, making this vow: 'If there is an Arhat (Arahant, one who has attained enlightenment) who has attained the Way, may they come here before noon and receive this food.' Khallatikatheri, possessing the six supernormal powers, heard these words from afar and sent a Shramanerika (novice nun) the next day to retrieve it. At that time, the Bhagavan (Bhagavan, the Blessed One) was walking along the road and sat down under a tree after spreading out a seat. It happened that Vairatazi (Vairatazi, a person's name) arrived with sixty cartloads of black molasses (black molasses) to offer to the Buddha and the Sangha (Sangha, monastic community). The circumstances of the tree are thus widely known. A Bhikkhu was sitting under a tree alone with a woman. Laypeople saw this and criticized, saying, 'Why is the Shramana (Shramana, ascetic) sitting under a tree alone with a woman?' The Bhikkhus, having heard this, reported it to the Bhagavan. The Buddha said, 'From now on, Bhikkhus are not allowed to sit under a tree alone with a woman.' If there are withered trees on the land of the Sangha (Sangha, monastic community), one may not take them alone to burn for fire. Why? Because this belongs to the Sangha of the four directions. If there are good trees on the land of the Sangha, the Sangha, being in harmony, may use them to build Buddha-stupas (Buddha-stupa, Buddhist shrine) and monasteries (monastery); if they are not in harmony, they may not. If three or four people in the assembly build a large house separately to live together, and there are trees on the land where the house is built, they may use them if the Sangha divides the land and gives it to them. If the Sangha does not divide the land and give it to them, they may not. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
得用也。若作房者，此地中自种树得用。若本作房者无后僧住，此树不须白僧得用。若所住房处有空地处，房主为此房故种树，得用治房。若种树者不在，有余僧住，此树不须白僧亦得用也。花树果树，除众僧和合用治塔作房，私不得斫。 “有五种树不得斫：一菩提树、二神树、三路中大树、四尸陀林中树、五尼拘陀树，除因缘。因缘者，若佛塔坏、若僧伽蓝坏为水火烧。得斫四种，除菩提树。有五种树应得受用：一者火烧、二者龙火烧、三者自干、四者风吹来、五者水漂，如是等树得受用。 “云何名为斗诤言讼斗者？二人共竞名之为斗，徒党相助是名为诤，往彻僧者名之为言，各说其理是名为讼。 “复有四种诤：一言语诤、二不受谏诤、三所犯诤、四所作诤，是名为诤。 “云何名为破？破有二种：一破法轮、二破僧。法轮者，八正道不行、邪法流布，以智为邪、用愚为正，智障邪显，是名坏法。轮破僧者，一僧伽蓝中一人布萨乃至五人布萨，或一人为二人羯磨乃至为大众羯磨，大众为大众羯磨，是名破僧。 “共提婆达多相随者，皆得偷兰遮，还来僧中忏悔者得除，不来者助成破僧，不得破僧罪。唯提婆达多一人得破僧罪。复有一说，无有破僧，法轮不行即是破僧。 现代汉语译本：可以使用的。如果建造房屋的人，在这块地上自己种的树可以用来建造房屋。如果原本建造房屋的人没有后代僧人居住，这些树不需要禀告僧众就可以使用。如果所居住的房屋有空地，房主为了这房屋的缘故而种植树木，可以用来修缮房屋。如果种树的人不在了，有其他的僧人居住，这些树也不需要禀告僧众就可以使用。花树和果树，除非是僧众共同用来修缮佛塔或建造房屋，私自不得砍伐。 有五种树不得砍伐：一是菩提树（Bodhi tree，觉悟之树），二是神树（spirit tree，受尊敬的树），三是路边的大树，四是尸陀林（Sitavana，墓地）中的树，五是尼拘陀树（Nyagrodha tree，榕树），除非有特殊因缘。特殊因缘是指，如果佛塔损坏、或者僧伽蓝（Sangharama，寺院）被水火烧毁，可以砍伐后四种树，除了菩提树。有五种树可以接受使用：一是被火烧过的，二是被龙火烧过的，三是自然枯死的，四是被风吹倒的，五是被水漂来的，像这样的树可以接受使用。 什么叫做斗诤言讼？两个人互相争竞叫做斗，团伙互相帮助叫做诤，到僧众那里告状叫做言，各自陈述理由叫做讼。 又有四种诤：一是言语上的争执，二是不接受劝谏的争执，三是因所犯戒律而引起的争执，四是因所作所为而引起的争执，这些都叫做诤。 什么叫做破？破有两种：一是破法轮（breaking the Dharma wheel，破坏佛法），二是破僧（breaking the Sangha，破坏僧团）。法轮被破是指，八正道（Eightfold Path）不能实行，邪法流布，把智慧当作邪恶，把愚痴当作正当，智慧被遮蔽，邪恶显现，这叫做坏法。僧团被破是指，在僧伽蓝（Sangharama，寺院）中，一个人举行布萨（Posadha，斋戒仪式）乃至五个人举行布萨，或者一个人为两个人羯磨（Karma，仪式）乃至为大众羯磨，大众为大众羯磨，这叫做破僧。 跟随提婆达多（Devadatta，佛陀的堂兄弟）的人，都犯了偷兰遮（Sthullatyaya，一种罪名），回到僧团中忏悔的可以免除，不回来的就帮助促成了破僧，但没有破僧的罪。只有提婆达多（Devadatta，佛陀的堂兄弟）一人犯有破僧罪。还有一种说法，没有实际的破僧，法轮（Dharma wheel，佛法）不能运行就是破僧。