English
English version: ‘What is called a mirror?’ That which allows the body to appear, is called a mirror. If a sick Bhikshu (monk) has a sore on his face and needs to apply medicine, he should ask another Bhikshu to apply it for him. If there is no Bhikshu available, he can use water, a bowl, or a wall—any surface where his face can be seen—to apply the medicine himself. However, a metal mirror must never be used. If a Bhikshu has eye pain, he reports it to the World-Honored One (Buddha), who teaches the making of three kinds of eye medicine: first, sheep's gall; second, Kiranshana (a type of herb); third, Subhiranshana (a type of herb). Grind these finely on a stone and use them to apply to the eyes. If jewels are to be added to the eye medicine, the Buddha also permits it. When taking the medicine, it should be stored in a tube; it is not permitted to use containers made of jewels. These things should be widely known. ‘Furthermore, if a Bhikshu's eyes are dim and he cannot see,’ the Buddha permits the use of human blood for application, and also permits burning human bones or hair to make ash, which is then finely ground and applied to the eyes. These things should be widely known. ‘In the land of Tianzhu (ancient India), people commonly use medicine to apply to the eyes as an adornment.’ The group of six Bhikshus (monks), like laypeople, use medicine daily to treat their eyes as a form of decoration. Upon hearing of this, the Buddha does not permit the daily application of this medicine to the eyes. If one is sick, it is permitted to use these three kinds of medicine to treat the eyes. ‘At that time, the group of six Bhikshunis (nuns) were adorning women.’ Upon hearing of this, the Buddha summoned the Bhikshunis and rebuked them, saying, ‘From now on, Bhikshunis are not permitted to adorn women.’ It is not permissible for a Bhikshu to dance himself, nor is it permissible to teach others to dance; the Buddha does not permit this. The group of six Bhikshus, including Avakirti (person's name) and Punarvasu (person's name), were singing, dancing, and performing skills themselves. Upon hearing of this, the Buddha established a precept, saying, ‘All Bhikshus are not permitted to sing, dance, or perform skills.’ There are six Bhikshus who run like dogs; the Buddha does not permit this. Dancing is something done by young children, and singing sounds like crying; these actions should not be done by Bhikshus. Laughing with exposed teeth is the appearance of a madman and is also not permitted. The group of six Bhikshus use singing tones to recite scriptures and praise the Buddha; the Buddha does not permit this. There are five faults in doing so: first, one will become attached to this sound; second, it will cause others to become attached to this sound; third, the devas (gods) will be displeased; fourth, the pronunciation will be incorrect; fifth, the meaning will not be clear. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
是名音乐。花鬘璎珞自不得着，亦不得作花鬘璎珞与俗人着。比丘若为佛供养、若为佛塔声闻塔供养故，作伎不犯。何者是作鬘璎珞花？一优钵罗花、二婆师迦花、三瞻卜迦花、四阿提目多迦花、五打金作花、六打银作花、七白镴花、八铅锡花、九作木花、十作衣花、十一作带花，是名花鬘花。尊者迦叶惟说曰：‘若为佛、不为余众生，得作，不犯。’ “尔时六群比丘用跋那香涂身，诸白衣嫌之，佛不听。六群比丘复用香捣香涂身，而为俗人所讥。如是等众多，皆不听也。 “若比丘得种种好香，涂佛塔声闻塔，为供养塔故作种种形像，皆得为之。佛于一时，不听诸比丘着死尸衣入塔。比丘言：‘我等皆着粪扫衣，云何入塔礼拜？’佛闻之，告诸比丘：‘汝等得粪扫衣，水中久渍，用纯灰浣令净，用奚墨伽香涂上，然后得着入塔。’诸比丘所住房内若有臭气不得住者，听烧种种好香熏之。是名为香。 “天竺土法，贵胜男女皆和种种好香用涂其身，上着妙服。六群比丘如俗人法用香涂身，诸檀越嫌之：‘云何比丘如俗人法？’世尊闻已制：‘一切比丘不听用香涂身。若有病者须香涂差，随宜得不犯。’ “云何名为坐？坐者，众僧集会敛容整服加趺而坐。用可观，名之为坐。又复坐者，佛 现代汉语译本： 这被称为音乐。比丘自己不得佩戴花鬘璎珞，也不得制作花鬘璎珞给世俗之人佩戴。比丘如果为了供养佛、供养佛塔或声闻塔的缘故而制作伎乐，则不视为犯戒。哪些是制作花鬘璎珞的花呢？一是优钵罗花（Utpala，蓝色莲花），二是婆师迦花（Vasika，茉莉花），三是瞻卜迦花（Champaka，黄玉兰），四是阿提目多迦花（Atimuttaka，金银花），五是用金打造的花，六是用银打造的花，七是用白镴（锡铅合金）制作的花，八是用铅锡制作的花，九是用木头制作的花，十是用布制作的花，十一是用带子制作的花，这些都可称为花鬘花。尊者迦叶（Kasyapa）特别说道：‘如果是为了佛，而不是为了其他众生，就可以制作，不算犯戒。’ 当时，六群比丘用跋那香（Bhadraka，一种香料）涂抹身体，居士们对此感到不满，佛陀不允许。六群比丘又将香捣碎后涂抹身体，再次受到世俗之人的讥讽。像这样诸如此类的行为，都是不允许的。 如果比丘得到各种好的香，可以涂抹佛塔或声闻塔，为了供养塔而制作各种形状的物品，都可以做。佛陀曾经一度不允许比丘穿着死人的衣服进入塔内。比丘们说：‘我们都穿着粪扫衣（Pamsula，从垃圾堆里捡来的衣服），怎么能进入塔内礼拜呢？’佛陀听后，告诉比丘们：‘你们可以把粪扫衣在水中浸泡很久，用纯净的灰洗干净，用奚墨伽香（Ksimika，一种香料）涂抹在上面，然后就可以穿着进入塔内。’如果比丘所居住的房间内有臭气，无法居住，可以焚烧各种好的香来熏房间。这被称为香。 在天竺（India）的习俗中，尊贵的男女都会混合各种好的香来涂抹身体，然后穿上华丽的衣服。六群比丘像世俗之人一样用香涂抹身体，居士们对此感到不满：‘为什么比丘像世俗之人一样？’世尊（Buddha）听后制定戒律：‘一切比丘都不允许用香涂抹身体。如果有人生病需要用香涂抹才能痊愈，可以酌情使用，不算犯戒。’ 什么叫做坐？坐是指，众僧收敛心神，整理好衣服，然后结跏趺坐。这样做令人感到庄严，就叫做坐。还有，佛
English
English version: This is called music. Bhikkhus (monks) should not wear flower garlands and ornaments themselves, nor should they make flower garlands and ornaments for laypeople to wear. If a bhikkhu makes music for the purpose of offering to the Buddha, or to a stupa (reliquary mound) of the Buddha or a Sravaka (disciple), it is not considered a transgression. What are the flowers used to make flower garlands and ornaments? First, Utpala (blue lotus), second, Vasika (jasmine), third, Champaka (magnolia), fourth, Atimuttaka (honeysuckle), fifth, flowers made of gold, sixth, flowers made of silver, seventh, flowers made of pewter (tin-lead alloy), eighth, flowers made of lead and tin, ninth, flowers made of wood, tenth, flowers made of cloth, eleventh, flowers made of ribbons. These are called flower garlands. Venerable Kasyapa (Kasyapa) specifically said: 'If it is for the Buddha, and not for other beings, it can be made, and it is not a transgression.' At that time, the six-group bhikkhus applied Bhadraka (a type of fragrance) to their bodies, and the laypeople disliked it, so the Buddha did not allow it. The six-group bhikkhus then pounded the fragrance and applied it to their bodies, and were again ridiculed by the laity. Such things and many others like them are not allowed. If a bhikkhu obtains various good fragrances, he may apply them to the stupa of the Buddha or the stupa of a Sravaka, and he may make various shapes for the purpose of offering to the stupa. The Buddha once forbade the bhikkhus from entering the stupa wearing the clothes of a dead person. The bhikkhus said: 'We are all wearing Pamsula (rag robes), how can we enter the stupa to pay homage?' Upon hearing this, the Buddha told the bhikkhus: 'You can soak the Pamsula robes in water for a long time, wash them clean with pure ashes, apply Ksimika (a type of fragrance) to them, and then you can wear them to enter the stupa.' If there is a bad smell in the room where the bhikkhus live, making it uninhabitable, they are allowed to burn various good fragrances to fumigate the room. This is called fragrance. In the customs of India, noble men and women all mix various good fragrances to apply to their bodies, and then wear beautiful clothes. The six-group bhikkhus applied fragrance to their bodies like laypeople, and the donors disliked it: 'Why are the bhikkhus like laypeople?' Upon hearing this, the Buddha established a precept: 'All bhikkhus are not allowed to apply fragrance to their bodies. If someone is sick and needs to apply fragrance to recover, they may do so as appropriate, and it is not a transgression.' What is called sitting? Sitting refers to the Sangha (community) collecting their minds, arranging their robes, and sitting in the lotus position (Padmasana). Doing so is pleasing to the eye, and is called sitting. Furthermore, the Buddha --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
游行到一树下加趺而坐，观者无厌，名之为坐。如坐禅人一坐经劫身不动摇，皆名为坐。出家人不应与女人屏覆处坐。俗人所以共屏覆处坐者，男以女欲为食、女以男欲为食。比丘既舍此法，不应同屏处坐。波斯匿王遣军马出路边，有一小寺客僧来多，为避军故尽入房里。房小人多狭膝而坐，亦名为坐。尊者离跋多来到萨婆钳边，萨婆钳见离婆多来处悬远身体疲懈，自狭坐令离婆多宽坐。离婆多内自思惟：‘尊者萨婆钳，阎浮提中第一上座。云何于其前懈怠宽纵？’即敛身端坐系念思惟。如此二人坐，名之为坐。 “云何名为不应卧？不得与女人同房卧；被摈沙弥亦不得同房卧。 “敷具者，床、绳床，草敷木叶敷，及道人所有敷具，皆名敷具。 “有比丘尼游行入聚落乞食。主人不在，尼辄入舍坐。舍主从外来，见尼坐，问内人：‘汝等谁安此尼住此？’内人答曰：‘尼自来，无人安也。’家主嫌言：‘云何比丘尼不语直坐？’佛闻此已制：‘比丘尼到檀越舍，不问不得坐也。’ “尔时比丘尼问佛：‘出家人入聚落中，若僧多、房舍迮狭，人应得几许地？’佛告诸比丘尼：‘随房宽狭筹量分之。’ “若人无病自大卧地，不应为说法。病者卧，欲闻法，应为说。 “尔时亿 现代汉语译本 ‘到一树下跏趺而坐，观看的人也不会厌倦，这叫做坐。’例如禅修的人一次打坐经历很长时间身体也不动摇，这都叫做坐。出家人不应该和女人在隐蔽的地方一起坐。世俗之人之所以在隐蔽的地方一起坐，是因为男人以女人的情欲为食，女人以男人的情欲为食。比丘既然舍弃了这种行为，就不应该在隐蔽的地方一起坐。波斯匿王（Prasenajit，古印度拘萨罗国国王）派遣军队经过路边，有一个小寺庙来了很多云游僧人，为了躲避军队的缘故都进入了房间里。房间小人多，大家膝盖紧挨着坐，这也叫做坐。尊者离婆多（Revata，佛陀的弟子之一）来到萨婆钳（Sarvakaam，人名）处，萨婆钳看到离婆多从遥远的地方来，身体疲惫，自己缩小座位让离婆多宽敞地坐。离婆多内心自忖：‘尊者萨婆钳，是阎浮提（Jambudvipa，古印度名称，也泛指人间世界）中第一上座。怎么能在他的面前懈怠放纵呢？’于是收敛身体端正地坐着，集中精神思惟。像这样两个人的坐，叫做坐。 ‘什么叫做不应该卧？’不得与女人同房睡；被驱摈的沙弥（Sramanera，佛教出家男子）也不得同房睡。 ‘敷具’，指的是床、绳床，草垫、树叶垫，以及修行人所有的坐卧用具，都叫做敷具。 有一个比丘尼（Bhikkhuni，佛教出家女子）进入村落乞食。主人不在，比丘尼就进入屋里坐下。屋主从外面回来，看见比丘尼坐着，问家里人：‘你们是谁安排这个比丘尼住在这里？’家里人回答说：‘是比丘尼自己来的，没有人安排。’家主责怪说：‘为什么比丘尼不说话就直接坐下？’佛陀听说了这件事后制定戒律：‘比丘尼到施主家，不询问就不得坐下。’ 当时有比丘尼问佛陀：‘出家人进入村落中，如果僧人多、房舍狭窄，每个人应该得到多少地方？’佛陀告诉各位比丘尼：‘根据房间的宽窄来衡量分配。’ 如果人没有生病却自己大大咧咧地躺在地上，不应该为他说法。病人躺着，想要听法，应该为他说法。 当时亿
English
English version ‘To sit cross-legged under a tree, with viewers never tiring of watching, is called sitting.’ For example, a meditation practitioner sits for an extended period without moving their body; all of this is called sitting. A monastic should not sit with a woman in a concealed place. The reason why laypeople sit together in concealed places is that men feed on women's desires, and women feed on men's desires. Since a Bhikkhu (Buddhist monk) has abandoned this practice, he should not sit together in a concealed place. King Prasenajit (King of Kosala in ancient India) sent his army along the roadside. A small temple had many visiting monks who, to avoid the army, all went inside the rooms. The rooms were small and crowded, so people sat with their knees close together, which is also called sitting. Venerable Revata (one of Buddha's disciples) came to Sarvakaam (a person's name). Sarvakaam, seeing that Revata had come from afar and was physically tired, made his own seat smaller to allow Revata to sit comfortably. Revata thought to himself: ‘Venerable Sarvakaam is the foremost elder in Jambudvipa (ancient name for India, also referring to the human world). How can I be lax and indulgent in front of him?’ So he composed himself, sat upright, and focused his mind on contemplation. Such sitting by these two is called sitting. ‘What is called not lying down?’ One must not sleep in the same room with a woman; a Sramanera (Buddhist novice) who has been expelled must also not sleep in the same room. ‘Bedding’ refers to beds, rope beds, grass mats, leaf mats, and all sitting and sleeping implements used by practitioners; all are called bedding. There was a Bhikkhuni (Buddhist nun) who entered a village to beg for food. The householder was not at home, so the nun entered the house and sat down. The householder returned from outside, saw the nun sitting, and asked his family: ‘Who arranged for this nun to stay here?’ The family replied: ‘The nun came on her own; no one arranged it.’ The householder complained: ‘Why did the Bhikkhuni sit down without saying anything?’ Upon hearing this, the Buddha established a precept: ‘A Bhikkhuni must not sit down at a donor's house without asking.’ At that time, a Bhikkhuni asked the Buddha: ‘When monastics enter a village, if there are many monks and the rooms are narrow, how much space should each person get?’ The Buddha told the Bhikkhunis: ‘Distribute it according to the width and narrowness of the room.’ If a person is not sick but lies sprawled on the ground, one should not preach the Dharma to them. If a sick person is lying down and wants to hear the Dharma, one should preach to them. At that time, Billion --------------------------------------------------------------------------------