English
English version: Before the precepts were established, a bhiksu (monk) was not allowed to share a room with a sramanera (novice monk). Rahula (Buddha's son) had no separate room, and the bhiksus drove him out, so Rahula slept near the toilet. There was a large poisonous snake in the toilet, and the Buddha, knowing about this snake and fearing it would harm Rahula, came to the toilet and knowingly asked: 'Who are you?' Rahula replied: 'I am the sramanera Rahula.' The Buddha asked: 'Why are you staying here?' Rahula replied: 'There is no other room. The bhiksus do not allow me to stay with them.' The Buddha then took him into his own room. Later, the Buddha gathered the bhiksus and told them: 'Those who have left home should always have a compassionate heart. From now on, sramaneras are allowed to stay with senior bhiksus for two nights. On the third night, if the sramanera has nowhere to go, the bhiksu should not lie down to sleep but should sit in the lotus position until dawn. If on the fourth day there is still nowhere to go, the sramanera should be asked to leave the room before dawn. If the sramanera is afraid and cannot leave, the senior bhiksu should leave himself.' When a guest bhiksu comes to a monastery, the resident bhiksu should provide him with a room and bedding. However, when the guest leaves, he does not inform the resident bhiksu. After many days, the host enters the room and realizes that the guest bhiksu has left, and the bedding has been gnawed and damaged by insects and rodents. Because of this, the bhiksus reported the situation in detail to Lokaksema (World Savior, an epithet of the Buddha). The Buddha therefore established a precept: 'If a guest bhiksu stays overnight in a monastery, when leaving, he should tidy up the bedding and arrange the sitting platform, and should inform the resident bhiksu before leaving. If he leaves the monastery grounds without doing so, he commits a pacittiya (an offense requiring confession).' Once, the group of six bhiksus (a group of misbehaving monks) and the group of seventeen bhiksus were staying as guests in a monastery. The group of six bhiksus were senior monks, and the group of seventeen bhiksus were junior monks. The group of seventeen bhiksus said to the group of six bhiksus: 'Venerable ones! You may choose the best rooms.' The group of six bhiksus replied: 'Who cares about good or bad?' The group of seventeen bhiksus chose their rooms and set up their bedding, but the group of six bhiksus seized the rooms and drove them out. The group of seventeen bhiksus angrily shouted loudly, and the host heard them and asked: 'What is the matter with the group of seventeen bhiksus?' The group of seventeen bhiksus told the host the story as described above. The bhiksus went to report to the Buddha. The Buddha therefore established a precept: 'From now on, junior bhiksus should offer the best rooms to senior bhiksus.' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
上座不取。下座敷敷具竟，上座不得强力夺取驱出。若下座先至，不知上座来。上座既至，下座应避出去。上下皆不得恃力驱出。若恃力者，得波逸提。’ “时有六群比丘在重阁上住，意不审悉，不看阁地厚薄放身而坐。床脚陷过，伤下住比丘头。佛因而制戒：‘从今以去，阁上住者要审悉厚薄，不得直放身坐。若坐者，得波逸提。’ “有于一时，阐陀比丘作房，用有虫水和泥。诸檀越见慊言：‘云何比丘无慈心？’佛因而制戒：‘从今已去，比丘不得用杂虫水和泥作房。若用，得波逸提。’房舍竟。 “尔时佛在波罗奈国。阿若憍陈如等五比丘，往到佛所白世尊言：‘听诸比丘何等处住？敷何等敷具？’佛告憍陈如：‘听比丘阿练若处、树下、冢间、河边、山谷间空闲处住，敷草木叶以为坐具。’此敷具犍度中广明。住处总明有二：一者聚落中；二者空静处。 “尔时有客比丘，寄他寺中安居，不自看房舍卧具，得下房下卧具，心中不悦修道有废。瞋旧住比丘，有生谤之言：‘比丘心有爱瞋痴怖。’佛闻此言，告诸比丘：‘从今以去，夏安居时要自看房舍卧具，然后受之。若依上座次第得房，不看无咎。若分房者语：“汝自看房。”懈怠不看者，得突吉罗。’如来所以教诸比丘护敷具 现代汉语译本：上座（资历较高的僧人）不能强行夺取下座（资历较低的僧人）的位置。下座铺设坐具完毕后，上座不得强行夺取并驱赶下座。如果下座先到，不知道上座要来，上座到达后，下座应该避让离开。上下座都不得依仗势力驱赶对方。如果依仗势力驱赶对方，犯波逸提（一种戒律）。 当时有六群比丘住在高楼上，因为考虑不周，没有查看楼阁地面的厚薄就随意坐下，结果床脚陷落，伤到了住在楼下的比丘的头部。佛因此制定戒律：‘从今以后，住在楼阁上的比丘要仔细查看楼阁地面的厚薄，不得随意坐下。如果随意坐下，犯波逸提。’ 有一次，阐陀比丘建造房屋，使用含有虫子的水和泥。一些施主见了不满地说：‘为什么这位比丘没有慈悲心？’佛因此制定戒律：‘从今以后，比丘不得使用含有虫子的水和泥来建造房屋。如果使用，犯波逸提。’房屋建造完毕。 当时佛在波罗奈国（Varanasi）。阿若憍陈如（Ajnatakaundinya）等五位比丘，前往佛所在的地方禀告世尊说：‘允许比丘们在什么地方居住？铺设什么样的坐具？’佛告诉憍陈如：‘允许比丘们在阿练若处（aranya，寂静处）、树下、坟墓间、河边、山谷间等空闲的地方居住，铺设草木叶作为坐具。’这些坐具在《敷具犍度》（a section of Vinaya）中有详细说明。住处总的来说有两种：一是聚落中；二是空静处。 当时有客居比丘，寄住在其他寺庙中安居，不自己查看房舍卧具，结果得到较差的房舍和卧具，心中不悦，修行受到影响。他嗔恨旧住的比丘，甚至说出诽谤的话：‘这位比丘心中有贪爱、嗔恨、愚痴、恐惧。’佛听到这些话后，告诉诸位比丘：‘从今以后，夏季安居时要自己查看房舍卧具，然后接受。如果按照上座的次序得到房间，没有查看也没有罪过。如果分房的人说：“你自己查看房间。”懈怠不查看的人，犯突吉罗（dukkhata，一种轻罪）。’如来之所以教导诸位比丘要保护坐具。
English
English version: The senior monk (one of higher seniority) should not forcibly take the seat of the junior monk (one of lower seniority). After the junior monk has finished spreading out his sitting cloth, the senior monk should not forcibly seize it and drive him away. If the junior monk arrives first and does not know that the senior monk is coming, the junior monk should yield and leave when the senior monk arrives. Neither the senior nor the junior monk should rely on force to drive the other away. If one relies on force, he commits a Pacittiya (an offense requiring confession). At one time, the group of six monks were living in a multi-storied building. Because they were not careful, they did not check the thickness of the floor and sat down carelessly. As a result, the legs of the bed sank through, injuring the head of a monk living below. The Buddha therefore established a precept: 'From now on, monks living in multi-storied buildings must carefully check the thickness of the floor and must not sit down carelessly. If one sits down carelessly, he commits a Pacittiya.' On one occasion, the monk Chanda was building a house, using water containing insects to mix the mud. Some donors saw this and complained, saying: 'Why does this monk have no compassion?' The Buddha therefore established a precept: 'From now on, monks must not use water containing insects to mix the mud for building houses. If one uses it, he commits a Pacittiya.' The house was completed. At that time, the Buddha was in the country of Varanasi. The five monks, Ajnatakaundinya (Ajnata-kaundinya) and others, went to the Buddha and reported to the World Honored One, saying: 'Where are monks allowed to live? What kind of sitting cloths are they allowed to use?' The Buddha told Kaundinya: 'Monks are allowed to live in aranya (aranya, secluded places), under trees, among tombs, by rivers, in valleys, and in other empty and quiet places, and to use grass and leaves as sitting cloths.' These sitting cloths are explained in detail in the 'Sitting Cloth Khandhaka' (a section of Vinaya). Generally speaking, there are two types of dwelling places: one is in villages; the other is in empty and quiet places. At that time, there was a guest monk who was staying in another monastery for the rainy season retreat. He did not check the room and bedding himself, and as a result, he received inferior room and bedding. He was unhappy and his practice was hindered. He was angry with the resident monks and even made slanderous remarks, saying: 'This monk has greed, hatred, delusion, and fear in his heart.' When the Buddha heard these words, he told the monks: 'From now on, during the rainy season retreat, you must check the room and bedding yourself before accepting it. If you receive a room according to the seniority of the senior monks, there is no fault if you do not check it. If the person distributing the rooms says, "Check the room yourself," and one is lazy and does not check it, he commits a Dukkata (dukkhata, a minor offense).' The Tathagata teaches the monks to protect their sitting cloths. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
者，见五种过：一不欲令风吹；二不令日曝；三不令得天雨；四不令尘土坌之；五不令虫鸟敷具上放不净。 “比丘夏安居法。差分房分敷具人，令房房看之，何等房敷具多、何处无。若多处，分着无处。若遍有长敷具，从上座次第赋之。是名敷具处所。营事有二种：一者作、二者覆。作者，有檀越欲为众僧起房，僧差营事人白二羯磨令料理。若此营事人意欲成此房己尽形受用者，僧当令其十二年住，后众僧随意分处。若营事人二三年中不能成房，僧当观其力能，若堪办者听使作竟，若不能者更差余人。是名作者。云何名为覆者？若作者作墙壁已不能覆，后僧更差堪能者令覆。若覆者意欲尽形住，僧当听六年住，后随僧分处。是名覆处者。比丘相恭敬法，当起迎作礼执手问讯，随其所须供给，莫违其志。 “诸比丘白佛：‘上座于下座有所犯罪，现前应立几法发露？’佛言：‘当立四法：一者偏袒右肩；二者脱革屣；三者合掌；四者当说所犯罪。下座向上座悔过，所犯者现前，应立五法：一偏袒右肩；二脱革屣；三胡跪；四合掌；五说所犯罪。’ “若客比丘到他寺中见上座，应立五法恭敬：一偏袒右肩；二脱革屣；三胡跪；四两手捉上座足；五和南。若旧住比丘小者，亦应立五法恭敬，是法持戒 现代汉语译本： 对于敷具（坐卧用具）的照看，需要避免五种过失：一是不让风吹；二是不让太阳晒；三是不让雨淋；四是不让尘土覆盖；五是不让虫鸟在敷具上排泄不洁之物。 ‘比丘（出家男子）夏季安居法。’指定人员分管房间和敷具，让他们查看每个房间的情况，哪里敷具多，哪里没有。如果多的地方，就分给没有的地方。如果到处都有多余的敷具，就从上座（资历高的僧人）开始依次分配。这叫做敷具的处所。营事有两种：一是建造，二是修缮。建造是指，如果有施主想要为僧众建造房屋，僧团就指定营事人，通过白二羯磨（一种僧团会议程序）来安排处理。如果这个营事人想要建成这所房屋后自己终身使用，僧团应当允许他居住十二年，之后僧众可以随意分配。如果营事人两三年内不能建成房屋，僧团应当观察他的能力，如果还能胜任，就允许他完成，如果不能胜任，就更换其他人。这叫做建造者。什么叫做修缮者呢？如果建造者已经建好了墙壁却不能盖顶，之后僧团就更换有能力的人来盖顶。如果修缮者想要终身居住，僧团应当允许他居住六年，之后随僧众分配。这叫做修缮者。比丘之间互相恭敬的方法，应当起身迎接，行礼，握手问候，根据对方的需求提供供给，不要违背对方的意愿。 ‘各位比丘问佛：‘上座（资历高的僧人）对下座（资历浅的僧人）有所冒犯，在公开忏悔时应该遵守几条规则？’佛说：‘应当遵守四条规则：一是袒露右肩；二是脱掉鞋子；三是合掌；四是说出所犯的罪过。下座向上座忏悔，所犯的罪过是当面发生的，应当遵守五条规则：一是袒露右肩；二是脱掉鞋子；三是胡跪（右膝着地）；四是合掌；五是说出所犯的罪过。’ ‘如果有外来的比丘来到其他寺庙，见到上座，应当遵守五条规则来表示恭敬：一是袒露右肩；二是脱掉鞋子；三是胡跪；四是双手抓住上座的脚；五是和南（梵语，表示敬意）。如果是寺庙里资历较浅的比丘，也应当遵守五条规则来表示恭敬，这是持戒的法则。