Chinese
若人造寺宇, 房门料乱开; 室相不齐行, 此名牛卧净。 若有僧住处, 苾刍久弃舍; 后至过便无, 斯名废故净。 若僧秉白二, 羯磨众详许; 知法并同心, 名为作法净。 如是五净厨, 苾刍不作法; 停食及煮食, 悉皆成不净。 为净二五殊, 刀火蔫鸟甲; 堕拔截擘坏, 作法者无愆。 火坏五咸净, 余损子皆成; 伤皮有不成, 于中验生性。 当于上座所, 行食者应言: 三钵罗法哆, 是名行食法。 上座当告言: 应平等行与; 须正意而食, 了说愿伽他。 正说福颂时, 苾刍不应食; 若不闻声者, 食时无有过。 正说伽他时, 闻时应谛听; 颂了随情食, 更说非遮限。 有能者应说, 众首或余人; 演法应时机, 当随施主望。 凡是说法人, 应须与伴助; 由非独一己, 令法有光辉。 为众诵经时, 夜无灯不许; 护虫为百目, 或复作笼遮。 所食鱼肉等, 与俗胜人同; 他持施钵中, 应食全无罪。 他为作肉食, 若有见闻疑; 此则不应餐, 为愍众生故。 得虎狼等残, 若有闻疑见; 由彼心不 现代汉语译本 如果有人建造寺庙,房屋的门和材料随意乱用;房间的朝向和排列不整齐,这叫做‘牛卧净’(寺庙建筑不规范,像牛卧地一样)。 如果有僧人居住的地方,之前的僧人长期遗弃;后来的人来了之后就直接使用,这叫做‘废故净’(使用废弃的旧寺庙)。 如果僧人按照‘白二羯磨’(一种僧团会议程序)的规定,经过大众详细许可;了解佛法并且同心同德,这叫做‘作法净’(通过正规程序认可)。 像这样具备五种清净的厨房,如果僧人不按照规定进行仪式;停止供食或者烹煮食物,全部都会变得不清净。 为了区分清净与不清净,刀、火、蔫鸟甲(指不洁之物);对于堕落、拔出、截断、劈开、损坏等行为,按照规定进行仪式的就没有罪过。 用火烧毁五种不净之物全部都算清净,其余的损坏只要留下种子就可以;如果伤及皮层就不能算清净,从中可以验证其生命力。 当在上座(寺院中地位较高的僧人)处,行食者应该说:‘三钵罗法哆’(具体含义待考),这是行食的方法。 上座应当告知说:‘应该平等地分发食物’;必须端正心意而食用,完整地说出愿伽他(愿颂)。 正在念诵福颂的时候,僧人不应该吃东西;如果没有听到声音,吃东西就没有过错。 正在念诵伽他的时候,听到的人应该认真听;念完之后可以随意吃,再说其他的事情也没有限制。 有能力的人应该说法,可以是僧团的首领或者其他人;演说佛法应该根据时机,应当顺应施主的期望。 凡是说法的人,应该需要同伴的帮助;因为不是独自一人,才能使佛法发扬光大。 为大众诵经的时候,晚上没有灯是不允许的;为了保护虫子,要点百目灯(一种灯)或者用笼子遮盖。 所吃的鱼肉等食物,与世俗之人相同;别人拿着施舍的钵来供养,吃这些食物完全没有罪过。 别人为了你而做肉食,如果看到、听到或者怀疑;这种肉食就不应该吃,为了怜悯众生的缘故。 得到老虎、狼等吃剩的食物,如果有听到、怀疑、看到的情况;因为他们的心不
English
English version If someone builds a monastery, the doors and materials of the buildings are used randomly; the orientation and arrangement of the rooms are not aligned, this is called 'Cow-Lying Purity' (meaning the monastery's construction is not standardized, like a cow lying on the ground). If there is a place where monks reside, which has been abandoned by previous monks for a long time; the later monks come and use it directly, this is called 'Abandoned Old Purity' (using an abandoned old monastery). If the monks follow the rules of 'Bai-Er Karma' (a Sangha meeting procedure), and are approved by the assembly in detail; understanding the Dharma and being of one mind, this is called 'Ritual Purity' (recognized through formal procedures). Like this, a kitchen with five purities, if the monks do not perform the rituals according to the rules; stopping the offering of food or cooking food, all will become impure. In order to distinguish between purity and impurity, knives, fire, withered bird shells (referring to unclean things); for actions such as falling, pulling out, cutting off, splitting open, and damaging, those who perform the rituals according to the rules are not guilty. Burning all five impure things with fire is considered pure, and the remaining damage is fine as long as the seeds are left; if the skin is damaged, it cannot be considered pure, and its vitality can be verified from it. When at the place of the senior monk (the monk with a higher position in the monastery), the food distributor should say: 'San Bo Luo Fa Duo' (specific meaning to be examined), this is the method of distributing food. The senior monk should inform: 'Food should be distributed equally'; one must have a correct mind when eating, and fully recite the Vow Gatha (vow verse). While reciting the Blessing Verse, monks should not eat; if they do not hear the sound, there is no fault in eating. While reciting the Gatha, those who hear it should listen carefully; after reciting, they can eat as they please, and there are no restrictions on saying other things. Those who are capable should preach the Dharma, it can be the leader of the Sangha or others; preaching the Dharma should be according to the occasion, and should follow the wishes of the donors. All those who preach the Dharma should need the help of companions; because it is not alone, the Dharma can be promoted. When reciting scriptures for the public, it is not allowed to have no lights at night; in order to protect the insects, one should light a hundred-eyed lamp (a type of lamp) or cover it with a cage. The fish and meat eaten are the same as those of secular people; if others bring alms bowls to offer, there is no sin in eating these foods. If others make meat dishes for you, if you see, hear, or suspect; this meat should not be eaten, for the sake of compassion for all beings. If you get leftovers from tigers, wolves, etc., if there are situations of hearing, suspicion, or seeing; because their hearts are not
Chinese
舍, 此皆不合餐。 不许无悲心, 耽味害他命; 准法依三净, 食肉许无愆。 蒜葱等诸药, 为病在随听; 欲令身命存, 斯名善法器。 病者食蒜时, 当护其臭气; 选处应将息, 隐密可应为。 为病服食了, 可洗身令净; 臭气皆除灭, 方入本房中。 若服蒜葱韭, 为令身净故; 停七三二夜, 如次可应知。 巡家行乞食, 料乱有多门; 应将饭等记, 无令路差失。 乞食秉鸣锡, 欲使施人知; 及怖于犬牛, 不许行挝打。 苾刍于俗舍, 若食饼果根; 勿嚼作大声, 或时将汁饮。 自非有要事, 不应相触食; 食时须用心, 勿溅傍边者。 俭时若得食, 施主欢随施; 亦可多将去, 分张与苾刍。 若上座受请, 食半与余人; 为济俭年时, 活诸同梵行。 欲令寿命久, 余人得应食; 若在牟尼教, 一日实难逢。 若于钵缝中, 见有余残食; 应以物擿去, 三洗用无愆。 食罢口应净, 用齿木土等; 净水漱三度, 若过亦随情。 苾刍得食已, 疑有余人触; 应觅未具人, 重受随情食。 有事须行去, 现代汉语译本: 这些情况都不适合一起用餐。 不应该没有慈悲心,贪图美味而伤害其他生命; 按照佛法,依据三净肉的规定,吃肉是可以没有罪过的。 蒜、葱等药物,是为了治病才允许食用; 为了让身体和生命得以存续,这可以称为是善法之器。 病人在吃蒜的时候,应当注意遮掩其气味; 选择合适的处所休息,隐蔽的地方可以用来调养。 为了治病而服用了蒜等食物后,应该洗净身体; 臭气都消除干净后,才可以进入自己的房间。 如果服用了蒜、葱、韭菜等,为了使身体清净; 需要分别停留七天、三天、两天,依次可以这样理解。 挨家挨户乞食,可能会遇到很多混乱的情况; 应该用饭票等记录,不要在路上迷失方向。 乞食时摇动锡杖,是为了让施舍的人知道; 也是为了吓退狗和牛,但不允许用锡杖敲打它们。 比丘(Bichu,佛教出家男众)在俗家,如果吃了饼、水果、根茎等食物; 不要咀嚼发出很大的声音,或者喝汤汁的时候发出声音。 如果不是有重要的事情,不应该互相接触食物; 吃饭的时候需要用心,不要溅到旁边的人。 饥荒年间如果得到食物,施主欢喜地施舍; 也可以多拿一些回去,分给其他的比丘(Bichu,佛教出家男众)。 如果上座(Shangzuo,寺院中资历较深的僧人)接受邀请,吃了一半分给其他人; 为了救济饥荒的年头,让一起修行的同伴活下去。 为了让寿命长久,剩余的食物应该让其他人吃; 如果在牟尼(Muni,释迦牟尼佛的尊称)的教法中,这样的机会一天很难遇到。 如果在钵的缝隙中,看到有剩余的残食; 应该用东西挑出去,清洗三次就没有过失。 吃完饭后应该清洁口腔,用齿木、土等; 用清水漱口三次,超过三次也可以随意。 比丘(Bichu,佛教出家男众)得到食物后,怀疑有其他人碰过; 应该寻找没有受过具足戒的人,重新接受食物,随意食用。 有事情需要离开,
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English version: All these situations are not suitable for dining together. One should not be without compassion, indulging in delicious flavors and harming other lives; According to the Dharma, based on the rules of the three pure meats, eating meat can be without fault. Garlic, onions, and other medicinal herbs are allowed to be eaten for the purpose of treating illness; In order to allow the body and life to continue, this can be called a vessel of good Dharma. When a sick person eats garlic, they should be careful to conceal its odor; Choose a suitable place to rest, a secluded place can be used for recuperation. After taking garlic and other foods for the purpose of treating illness, one should wash the body clean; After the odor is completely eliminated, one can enter one's own room. If one has taken garlic, onions, chives, etc., in order to purify the body; One needs to stay away for seven days, three days, and two days respectively, and this can be understood accordingly. When begging for food from house to house, one may encounter many chaotic situations; One should use meal tickets and other records, and not get lost on the road. When begging for food, shaking the tin staff is to let the donors know; It is also to scare away dogs and cattle, but it is not allowed to strike them with the tin staff. If a Bhikshu (Bichu, a Buddhist monk) eats cakes, fruits, roots, etc. in a layperson's home; Do not chew loudly, or make noise when drinking soup. Unless there is an important matter, one should not touch each other's food; One needs to be mindful when eating, and not splash food on those nearby. If food is obtained during a famine year, and the donor gives it joyfully; One can also take more back and distribute it to other Bhikshus (Bichu, a Buddhist monk). If a Shangzuo (Shangzuo, a senior monk in a monastery) accepts an invitation, they should give half of the food to others; In order to relieve the famine years and allow fellow practitioners to live. In order to prolong life, the remaining food should be given to others to eat; In the teachings of Muni (Muni, an honorific title for Shakyamuni Buddha), such an opportunity is difficult to come by in a day. If one sees leftover food in the seams of the bowl; One should pick it out with something, and wash it three times without fault. After eating, one should clean the mouth, using tooth wood, soil, etc.; Rinse the mouth with clean water three times, and it is also acceptable to do it more than three times as one pleases. After a Bhikshu (Bichu, a Buddhist monk) has obtained food, and suspects that someone else has touched it; One should look for someone who has not received the full precepts, and re-accept the food, eating it as one pleases. If there is something that requires one to leave,
Chinese
无人持路粮; 自携为换想, 啖时无有过。 若无人可换, 一日不应餐; 他日啖虎拳, 不合过斯食。 三日两虎拳, 已后当随意; 自作宜应食, 希望性命全。 须根地可掘, 欲果树宜升; 苾刍应自取, 除饥得延命。 斯等是遮戒, 为难暂开听; 若是性罪者, 命断不应作。 亲识远方来, 屏处应同食; 室罗末尼罗, 同餐开怖处。 受已莫放器, 左手急坚持; 齐手可应餐, 食时须用意。 如其不盖覆, 置食被乌残; 近㭰处应除, 余者随情食。 僧祇若别人, 酥油沙糖等; 如其误触者, 不应便即弃。 若是四方僧, 或复别人食; 知净宜应受, 异此即不应。 食杂沙糖等, 水洗宜应食; 虽在非时中, 此无不净过。 糖与麨相和, 应将净水投; 苾刍须净滤, 非时饮水听。 苾刍自为己, 于沙糖守持; 随开于五人, 相知更互食。 病断食少食, 热闷及涂中; 于此五人听, 余者皆不合。 胜果卒难逢, 及上饮食等; 苾刍虽足食, 不加法亦餐。 若乞食苾刍, 巡家乞得食; 有人请入舍, 随言使福 现代汉语译本: 没有人为你准备路上的干粮; 自己携带的食物,是为了换取生存的希望,吃的时候不要浪费。 如果没有人可以交换食物,那么一天都不应该进食; 如果吃了超过维持生存所需的食物,就像吃了老虎的拳头一样,是不应该的。 三天吃两个‘虎拳’(指适量的食物),之后就可以随意了; 自己制作的食物应该适量食用,希望能够保全性命。 树根可以在地上挖掘,水果可以在树上采摘; 比丘(bhiksu,佛教出家男众)应该自己去获取食物,以此解除饥饿,延续生命。 这些是遮戒(śīla,防止犯戒的戒律),为了应对困难以暂时开许; 如果是性罪( intrinsically evil actions) ,即使面临死亡也不应该去做。 亲戚朋友从远方来,可以在隐蔽的地方一起用餐; 室罗末尼罗(Śrāmaṇera,沙弥),一起用餐可以消除恐惧。 接受食物后不要放下钵器,左手要迅速地紧紧握住; 食物齐手高就可以吃了,吃的时候必须专心。 如果钵没有盖好,食物被乌鸦吃掉了; 靠近栅栏的地方应该清理干净,剩下的食物可以随意食用。 僧伽(saṃgha,僧团)或者其他人,供养酥油、沙糖等; 如果不小心碰到了,不应该立刻丢弃。 如果是供养四方僧众的食物,或者其他人的食物; 知道是清净的食物就应该接受,否则就不应该接受。 食物中混有沙糖等,用水清洗后就可以食用; 即使在非时(指正午之后)食用,也没有不清净的过失。 糖和炒面混合在一起,应该倒入干净的水; 比丘(bhiksu,佛教出家男众)必须用干净的滤水器过滤,非时饮用清水是被允许的。 比丘(bhiksu,佛教出家男众)为了自己,储存沙糖; 可以开许给五个人,互相认识的人轮流食用。 因病断食或减少食量,天气炎热或在旅途中; 对于这五种情况,允许食用储存的沙糖,其余情况都不允许。 殊胜的果实难以遇到,以及上等的饮食等; 比丘(bhiksu,佛教出家男众)即使已经吃饱了,不增加份量也可以食用。 如果乞食的比丘(bhiksu,佛教出家男众),挨家挨户乞讨食物; 有人邀请进入家中,就随他的话去做,以求得福报。