English
/^xr# arsmRRr sjfr*r- srrt i f^5rrff o rff%%%'STi i arr.f>fr *rr *rrarc°f ^rtw^rfarfr ?i?*r sRrcrent sr^rrfr i r *fOT: ^rrfW'T srori h ftw? * frwti arMtftf&f* fiwfafwritsf'rh 9r snt: i i ^jrrfsfssr i ?pt .jthw: t t*Rrr i ^r%: ^rfR^fir l 3jVr gg- firrmjWR'- iws&n* 0w i frsTsr i ^nj *r*r f?^r?ratrnarrsrr- Rrf% svijrwI l*Wir%?-.i ftfb tfjrerrc o r* i ■tfiT 'TWS. II notes. m Notes 2 1. Construe * ni pra yuehchhatah' with * dhritavratSya dasushe ? , * They never fail the faithful giver ’ (Max Muller), This is the only passage in, the Bigveda in which the word ‘dhritavrata’ is applied, not to the god, but to the worshipper, and the verse lias on that ground, as well as on account of the abrupt introduction in it of another god, been regarded with suspicion as a probable interpolation. The word 'dluifcavrata/ however, does not occur in the Rigveda so many as twenty times altogether, and there is therefore nothing to stumble at iff once, and once only, it is used in a particular connection, provided £ he connection suit the word. That it does so suit is obvious. It means 1 upholder of the law/ and in that 'sense can be. fitly applied either to the god who sustains the law, himself also observing it, or to the man who obeys it. We may illustrate the double application from i, 3 f, where we have u visve devasa it gata dasvauso dasdshah sutam.” j Nor does the abrupt introduction of Mitra, himself unnamed, con¬ stitute a difficulty . The butter is poured into the fire, and the Two jfthe great Twin Brethren) rush forward to accept and enjoy the offer-, mig. Who the Two were every worshipper knew. 2. In the Pacla text as ate is followed by xti to call attention to the "dual form. 3. V^nanta. The usual form of the termination in the Rigveda, See Whitney, para. 328, 4. Dasdshe. A perfect participle without reduplication. See W[hitney, para. 790 b. Verse 7* PAjdaPATH.A. 1 q-i ifmwj 1 I SjAYANA * , 7?r?rrw arramprtfh - *rgraT #rr qf^rqf qnf afr i wr ^f5Tr: q$ ’faqrpmlttfr.iOT’qr- %r* i i r% *rr3 i vszr tfar f?fTf "igr i farwW- ^ 1 atrat #$* i item i 1 i stt; f^r$g?rer?q*r I 1 *rrqi t 3rf5Rr=3 ism ptaWr* T BRSfi& i w*? i Vgsrar^: if% n ' .NOTES* Notes 1, Veda. Note that the Pada text writes v'da, which is the reading also of the San hit a text in three out of the six places in which the word occurs in this and the two following verses. In the other three places the S&nbita text has the long vowel; the Pada text always writing vMa. Compare Whitney, para. 248; -In the Veda the final vowel of a word—generally a, much less often i and a—is in a large number of cases prolonged. Usually the prolongation takes place when it is favoured by the metre, but sometimes even where the metre opposes the change*” 2* Vmam, The metre shows that we must pronounce vbnaam. j 3. Veda nav&h samudriyah. Sayan a takes nav/ih to be a genitive,., supplying padam, and sarnndriyah he takes as a nora. sing, mas#, • agreeing with yah. It is dear that samudriyah in this clause corres** ponds to antarikshena patatfun in the previous clause; and if we take it as an epithet of Vanina we must translate (with, for example, Max M till or, A. S. L. 9 p. 53(5), e Who on the waters ,* &c. But Both, followed by Delbruok and Grass maun, takes navah samudriyah to be. an accusative plural feminine. For samudriyah so taken, Both cites 1 also x, 65, 13 (6.8, 3 in PWB. is a misprint): apah samudriyah (nom, pi.), Say ana, samudriyah gamudram. antarlksham tatrabhava ap.as. ; cha samudrabhrad ghah bhavarthe ghanpratyayah. Versa 8. ••T5TF#cr: ! wi \ 3f: k -Papa path a: i *rnp I \ sr# II 6 if SAyana: vjaraw.- wsr: jrwrwwtfT srrcrftr ‘ vemlfc WrrSrar'mr s-q i i To! i 'Tffsrs^rl’Tf rrfar?s*rc?r: i ^ftsf^rr^rr i ?mr i ^ ^ w ?r w*i-- t s?rr;r: ^srrar- 1< sjrfj- srr^fot i i fr|Tnc<Tf *lrf§refOT*r ! srsrr <r*rr Jffr i t tt$i -*rra?r iff *rffr i g-qsrrsrt * nh '? ^tWcr- iie! ^ i f^qrrf 5 ^: ^rgw^fr- i mfw w^^^?^TOn^mr?T: i h *% fafjfa& ?j% r%rnr: i ^|Trrfwcwf% sff^$hiTH i Hoxes : 1* Dvadasa, The metre shows that we mast pronounce du-a-da-sa ( Latin du-o-de-cim), 2* Prajavatah. * With their offspring/ But what offspring is meant ? Sayawi says, all that is bom therein, Del brock takes the word to refer to all the months that are to follow the current month; Grass- maun finds the explanation of prajavatah in the words that follow v6da yd upajayate, The child of the twelve months is the thirteen month that from time to time is born to them. May the children of the months not be the days ? 3. V&l&ya upajayate. ‘And 'knows the month that is born to them, born alongside of them.' This is the intercalary month added from time to time to bring the lunar year into accordance with the solar year. Verse 9 - PadApatha : M I mm\ l §f: ; 15Rs^d! fffr: | M I % i II ^ SAVANA: wfotft'for i0tm TO' I wf wrerft 1 3r ^rr sT^ra^-ifnc firsts WRfr w<r srnrn%i wnm 1 mw4i i =ram i w&pt; *#>r ?fir ^gssrrfff <rra7wr srrt s^%n^r?r^*r i lf: i ^ t sr-nrat i \wk- qri^f^rW*t nr?r vrrg^c: u Verse 10 = Padapatha f*r i fur? i :fft 5 §§§ i- i i fifi mtfm'm ! !! \ r -> <j - NOTES, Satana ; grfFRt snai^sfr Pwr^ff w*rat ^rwifi 1 u^rr^r ^imr^Rr^r^ ^^3= €f’ft I f^rror? i ’sffw&ftrer Ef?ir i wmrs^ra i wrsfr f&rr^rffi gwg: i sG^ts^f<< 'Notes ♦ 1 ShasSda. The 8 is changed into six after ni, although ni and aasa'ua are treated as two distinct words. See Whitney, para. 194. 2. Pastyais given in the Naighantuka as one of the twenty-two synonyms of griha, and that is obviously the meaning of the feminine plural here. In viii, 39, 8 agni is called tripastya, which Sayana explains by tristhaua. Pronounce past-i-a-suand sam-raj-i-a-va. 3 In 1. 2 of the commentary I have written ‘ Sadir aprateli ’ in accordance with Panini viii, 3, 66. The MSS. write ‘ sader apratel/, and Muller prints that. In the Bhao I)aji MS. ‘Sader’ is corrected by a second hand into ‘ Sadir’. See Bohhtlingk on the Sutra, and Muller, Rigveda vi, p. xi'ii. (See Ed. iv, cxvii ). Verso ll. PADAI'ATHA: 3P=r: I rWror ! srw! r%%^K 1 I cq-srfcr | frcrrM I I V\ Sayana: ’Er’*Wsrarrr 8 r f^^TrswrwprrW’sn*r manfi *rnriN*ffi* f?Ti <TI- I tfrrft wi^mwtrftr 1 wwr I ^fwfT: 17nwtwr%. ! T L** wS*Tfihs > Mfc**PU PRR ITTft t m *■’ 1 i rftawir^r?: t qtnftri W ^ilsr. 1 Notes .*... . j ‘From thence/ referring to pastyasu in the previous verse. 2 Adbhuta. An ordinary form of the termination in the Rigveda, See Whitnev' para.809. Vlsvanyaclbhuta (pronounce viMttia dbhuta), 33iW H t wondrous works.' MM* "* NOTES* Mbhuta, and make the word an epithet of Vanina, as it is of Soma in ix f 20, 5. Delbriick also suggests ‘secret, concealed from others’ as the meaning of adhbuta here, Orassmann, ‘invisible/ either as opposed to drisya, (iv, 2, 12 ), or as still lying concealed in the womb of the future {our passage and 1,170,1), Max Muller, >11 wondrous things ’ as above. There does not seoin to be any real difficulty, much less any ground either for altering adhbuta or for attaching to the word a peculiar meaning. Vamna sits down on his heavenly ' throne. Wondrous is the sight spread out before him, including as it does all the past and all the future (kritini ya cha kartva), 3, Ghikitvan. The Sanhita text shows a peculiar Vedie Sandhi. The student knows that final as before any vowel or sonant ..-consonant loses its s/the hiatus with a following vowel being allowed to remain. In the Kigveda final an before a following vowel is written a, In the great number of such cases an stands for an original nos. 1 he nasalized vowel -bs is treated before a following vowel as the simple vowel+s always is. The correctness of this explanation is vouched for by the accusative chikifcvahsam, where the s o t which this peculiar Vedic sandhi is the sole survival in the nominative case has come down to the classical language, 4. Ivartva (pronounce kar-tu-a) For the termination see note above on adhbuta. Kartva is the accusative plural neuter ot the verbal noun in tu which yields the infinitive of the classical language, karturn* Verso 12. PADAPATHA : *rt ! wi } I 1 m 1 V ™ 1 ^r?fr! I 5 t: I 3Tr|^r I 3-#^ It V< I! SaatANA ; #m: ?r arrRtml tf**# firmer sfrerr* iw iw i grwranfHt??r =r gsrVWt 3*rFrrFrsrr?r%^: 1 *mr < i 1 f f ffTj v ?ra5f I ^ I I i m gr% > vr*r ^ ^ raF * R - <SL #T: I SfT ST*# qfjSf ^fprf^ar fit S&iaf, I Ttfwfs' nor: fj% l°c i rgsji i *r°r: I 'rmqfcreoftft r*rf °rm.i affiSPniTit*rt^T^FnT: l far. swsj f#fir few i 3rr>5rsr5!®r%- j#r? ii Notes : I. Nah. The nasal in nah is changed to n after pra, although the two are distinct words. Compare Note 1 on Verse 10 above. " 2. Tiirishat. A Vedic Subjunctive. ‘‘Besides the proper su b¬ junctive, with inode-sign, in its triple form—with primary, with ' strengthened primary, and with secondary endings, there is in the older language another, without mode-sign and with secondary endings, or in all respects coinciding with the forms of an augment tense (imperfect or norisi) save for the absence of the augment. Subjunctives of this character' are frequent in the Rigveda, decidedly less common in later Vedic and very little used in the Brahmanas, except after m & prohibitive, after which they stand also in the later language, ” Whitney, para. 563. Terse 13. Padapatha ; i Jp*r i j | ^ j 0 . ^*1^1 wsfc I r% \ \m a w Sayana : pms* sri# fororproft ftf** v# ^ , ! Tr,w ? ^ , i wrr mCx swr*1 wsmTntfe&ir 1 STITT I 5T cffeTfel Tj4i l gTT*f^5rfWF?¥raf srrvr wrnnr^A NOT PIS Ip Motes 1. Draplm. The word occurs in only four other passages of the Bigveda, i, 116, 10; iv, 53, 2 ; ix, 86, 14 ; 100, 9, Say ana uniformly renders it by kavaeha.