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4 a, ‘The pure and light air rose and became heaven, while the turpid and heavy (air). descended and became earth.’ Compare Faber’s Licius, Pp. 4. P.2,n.5. The Sankhya Philosophy is dualism (Prakrzti and Purusha). ‘One’ may be a misprint for ‘two, though all the existing texts read ‘one’ here. P, 3,n. 3. For the eighteen Buddha-dharma, see Hardy’s Manual of Buddhisin, Pp. 381. P.6, 0.1. The Stra of the Buddha’s Last Instruction can only be the Maha- Parinirvaza-stitra. In the PAli text, VI, 5, we read: ‘It may be, O Bhikshus, that there may’be doubt or misgiving in the mind of some Bhikshu as to the Buddha or the Truth or the Sangha or the Path or the Way (Buddhe va Dhamme va Sahghe va Magge va Patipadaya v4). Inquire, Bhikshus, freely, &c.’ .The Buddha repeated this three times, but all were silent. Thereupon Ananda (not Aniruddha as in Chinesg) said: ‘Verily I believe that in the whole assembly no one has any doubt as to the Buddha, &c.’ “See S. B. E., vol. xi, p. 113. I-tsing mentions two recensions of this Sfitra, belonging to the Mahdyana and Hinayana. The latter being in Java was probably the Pali text. He saw the.Mahdydna text and examined it, but only obtained a copy of one chapter of it. Chavannes, Memoirs, p. 61. P.9,n.1. Léa is mentioned in the Brzhat-samhita LXIX, 11, together with Sindhu, Sursh/ra (Surat), Bharoach, and Malva J. R.A.S., vol. vii, p. 94). I-tsing says that it is in W. India, and mentions it often with Sindhu. A Chinese, Hiuen-chao, in going to Lafa, passed Va-ka-la (supposed to be Valkh), Kapisa, and Sindhu, and then reached there (Chavannes, pp. 23-26). Prof. Biihler informs me that LAéa is Central Gujerat, the district between the Mahi and Kim ; rivers, and its chief city is Broach (Bharukaé#fa). P. 14, n.1. The Sudarsana-vibhash& Vinaya, a commentary to the Vinaya, was a bare translation of Buddhaghosa’s Samantapas4dikA from the southern Buddhist books. The introductory portion agrees with the P4li text, indeed, word for word, verses in Pali being also represented in versé in Chinese, It, of course, contains some verses of the Dipavamsa, which are quoted by . FF 218 - ADDITIONAL NOTES. Buddhaghosa. I am trying to translate the historical portion of this work. It is interesting to see that a work of Buddhaghosa, who went to Ceylon A.D. 430, and thence to Burma A.D. 450, was translated into Chinese A. D. 489, and that the name of the author should never have been known in China. P. 22, n. 2. Puera, in full Pu-ra-bha-da-ra (the original uncertain). ‘The shoes are those in which cotton or some things of that kind are added to leather and stitched together; the middle part is higher (than the other)’ (the Sudarsana-vibhashA, vol. xvii, p. 13 a). They seem to be something like ‘ shoes with thick lining’ (Mahavagga V, 13, 13); ‘I allow the use of the Ganam- ga#ipahanam’ (Upanah). be P. 27, 1.25. The ‘touched’ water jar seems to represent the Péli AZarhana-kumbhi, a ‘water-pot used for rinsing purposes,’ Mahdvagga I, 25, 19. P. 29, n. 4. Kalandaka or Kalantaka is no doubt ‘squirrel,’ but not a bird. The Chinese translation of Samantap4sAdiké, commenting on this word in the Suttavibhanga, Parag. I, 5, 1, ‘VesdliyA avidfre Kalandaka-g4mo n4ma shoti,’ names it a ‘forest-rat’ Compare Rhys Davids, Mahdparin.-sutta III, 57 {p. 56); Burnouf, Introd., 456. ‘The story is differently told in Hiuen Thsang, Mémoires, liv. ix, p. 29. : P. 54,n.2. The Thirteen Necessaries :— MAHAvyuTPATT!, 272, L-TSING. ManAvacea VIII, 20, 2. 1, Safghatt I. 1, Sangatt a a. Uttarasanga 2, 2, Uttarasaiga S 3. Antarvasa 3. 3. Antaravasaka g 4. Safkakshika ? sou ee ee Satkakbhika’. (Xilav. X, 17, 2, and Bbikkhuntpasit. 96.) § Pratisahkakshika 8. 6. Nivasana 5. . - + + Nivasana. (Mahfvag. I, 25, 9, ‘ &e.) 7. Pratinivasana 6. . . . : : . Patinivasana*, : (Mahavag. I, 25, 9; Xillay. VUI, 11, 3.) 8, Kesapratigrahaza ay, R “9. Snatrasisaka Deest - . . © © . Udakasatika. (Mahavag. VIII, 15,7.) 10, Nishidana, 4 5. Nistdana 11. Kandupratizeéhadana 12. 7. Kandupatikkhadt* — 1 Davids-Oldenberg: vest. The old Comment. : Sankaéehikan nama adhakkhakam ubhanabhi tassa patikéAddanatthaya (Vinaya-pitaka IV, p. 345). 2 A ‘second undergarment’ in Chinese. The ‘house dress’ ? (Davids-Oldenberg). * Mahavagga VIII, 17,1; Patimokkha, P&tittiya go. It is four spans by two spans, some- times called Vamabandhanaéola, Mahdv. VI, 14, 5. < : ‘ e ADDITIONAL NOTES. 219 MAHAVYUTPATTI, 272. T-TsING. MauAvacaa VIB, 20, 2. Iz. Varshasafifivara Deest 4. Vassikasatika? 13. Parishkaraéivara 13. Bheshaga-parish- 9. Parikkh4ra-Zolaka? k&ra-Aivara : 9. Kaya-pro#kfana 10, Mukha-provkAana - 8, Mukhapu#é/ana- Rolaka 6. Pakkattharama ® P. 71, n. 4. Compare the words of Mah&kAsyapa in Buddhaghosa’s Samantapa- sadika (p. 283): ‘YAva dhammavinayo tif‘Aati tava anatitasatthukam eva pavazanam hoti, vuttam h’ eta Bhagavata: yo vo mayé Ananda dhammo 2a vinayo ka desito pa#Matto so vo mam’ Aféayena satthd 'ti.’ P. 85, n. 1, As the Karttika month begins in the middle of the Chinese eighth month, which is generally the day of autumnal equinox, we can compare the months as follows :— Five Szasons CHINESE * INDIAN. Six Seasons (in the Vinaya)*. (from 16th till 15th day). 9-10 months, Margasirshah t P Wis { 10-11, Paushak Nov.-Jan. Sisirak (Thaw). . IIl-12) Maghak 2 ie i Phélgunas i Jan.-March — Vasanta# (Spring). ta Saitek i March-May Grishma/ (Summer). Spring 2-3 re Vaisakhah x4 on Gyaishthah ) yy. Rae, a . Aghadhah i May-July Varsha’ (Rain) Rainy Season® 5-1 6 Sravanah Last Season’ the 16th of the 6th month July-Sept. Sarat (Hatvest). 6-7 months Bhadrapadas Long Season 7-8 Asvinah 2 h ‘ 55, Karttih 1° Sept.—Nov. Hemanta. (Winter). P. 86. Pravaraze, is the closing ceremony of the Varsha residence, lasting only So 1 The ‘robes for the rainy season.’ ‘ ? Mahvagga VIII, 20,1. This is a piece of cloth requisite (for making water-strainers or bags), but it seems to take the place of ‘ bheshaga-} Parisbateecdivare of I-tsing. * The bed-covering or cushion to sit on, 4 Prof, Max Miiller, Veda-samhita IV, p. xxxv. ® See above, pp. 101, 102. © The earlier period’ of the Varsha. So also in Mahavagga III, 2, 3: ‘The earlier time for entering upon the Vassa is the day after the Asitha fulmoon.’ 7 The later period of the Varsha. Mahavigga : ‘The later period (for entering upon the Vassa) is a month after the As&/sa full moon” For the connection of the double period with that of the Brahmaas and Siitras, see S. B. E., vol. xiii, p. 300, note, * The ceremony of the Kaz#ina-dstara is on the 16th of the 8th moon, Further, see 220 ADDITIONAL NOTEX, ‘one day. Ht is also an occasion for giving presents to the priests. See Mahavagga IV. Pali, pavaraza (f.). P. 95, 1. 16. ‘Lwo dozen years’ is ‘two Chi’ in Chinese. . Chi generally means. twelve; if so here, it will be twenty-four years. We have only twenty years from “671 till 692, when he sent the Record. Chi is also used for ten, and so here; and it is ‘two decades,’ or ‘two rounds.’ Compare p. 4, 1. 18; he uses ‘eight decades’ (Chi) for the Buddha’s age, who is said to have lived eighty-one years. P. 100, n. 3. Compare the Ekasatakarman (No. 1131), bk. i, fol. 9 (Bodl. Library), where the way of measuring the shadow is explained at length. P. 102, nn. 1, 3. The three seasons are otherwise enumerated : 1. Hemanta (winter) ; 2, Grishma (summer); 3. Varsha (rain). P. 108, n. 1. Compare the eight Sttipas in Mah4parinib.-sutta (towards the end), and Csoma, Asiatic Researches, vol. xx, pp. 296, 315. P. 110, n. 1, KAsyapa’s measure of Nishidana agrees with that of the Pasimokkha VII, Pasittiya 89. He takes Sugata-vidatthi as the ‘Buddha’s span,’ as in Dickson’s translation (J. R. A. S., vol. viii, p. 118). James d’Alwis, the ‘Accepted Span’ (J. A. S., Ceylon, 1874); compare S. B. E., vol. xiii, p. 8, note 2; p. 54, note 3. P. 114, n. 1. I-tsing’s description of the Kankrama of Nalanda, where the Buddha used to take walks (Chavannes, Memoirs, p. 96) :—‘ Au centre est un petit “ Kaitya.” De Vest de l’autel & langle de Ia salle, il ya emplacement d’un promenoiy de Fo (Buddha); il est fait de rangées de briques; il est large d’environ deux coudées, long de quatorze ou quinze et élevé de plus de deux. Sur le promenoir on a fagonné, avec de la chaux qu’on a laissée blanche, des représentations de fleur de lotus ; elles sont hautes d’environ deux coudées et larges de plus d’un pied; il y en a quatorze ou quinze; elles marquent les traces des pieds de Fo (Buddha).’ P. 125,n,1. The eight kinds of Syrup (pana) :—~ I-tsing’s explanation given in the Ekasata- karman, bk. vi. 1, Kokapana. ‘The Xoéa is sour like Prunus mume The Pali in Mahavagga, bk. vi, 35, 6. 3. Kokapana. The plantain syrup (Buddhaghosa and (plums), and in form like the pods of Gleditchia sinensis, Lam.. The Koka plant (or tree) is also called “ Tan- da-li” (Tamduliya? or perhaps for Kadali; so Buddhaghosa: Koha- panan ti af¢hika-kadali-phalehi kata- + panam). The pericarp is one or two finger-breadths in width, and three or four inches in length. Indians eat it regularly (perpetually). Profs. Oldenberg and Rhys Davids), Koka may also be cocoa-nut or cinnamon, according to Bohtlingk and Roth, s. v. ADDITIONAL NOTES. I-tsing’s explanation given in the Ekasata- karman, bk. vi. 2. Mofapana. ‘The Moéa is proper banana (or plan- tain; Chinese, Pa-chiao); when we put a little pepper on the fruit and press it hard with the fingers, it changes itself into fluid.’ 3. Ku-la-ka-pana. (Kolaka, ‘black pep- per’?). ‘7 ‘The fruit is like the sour date (i.e. wild spinous date, a variety of Zizy- jPhus vulgaris, Lam.).’ 4. Asvatthapana.