English
Regarding the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya, four types of offenses are established based on the matter: the pārājika (defeat), saṃghāvaśeṣa (remaining), sthūlātyaya (grave), and duṣkṛta (misdeed) offenses resulting from falsehoods. Also, six types of falsehoods that fall within the category of prāyশ্চittika (confession) offenses are described. Furthermore, if a bhikṣu knowingly speaks a falsehood and the listener understands its meaning, it is an offense. Among these, the four falsehood offenses include: the pārājika offense of lying, the saṃghāvaśeṣa offense of unfounded or slightly founded exaggeration, the sthūlātyaya offense of knowingly declaring what is not Dharma as Dharma, or what is Dharma as not Dharma, and the duṣkṛta offenses of remaining silent during the upoṣatha when asked if one is pure, thereby evading the offense. The other six offenses within the category of prāyশ্চittika include: showing favoritism, disparaging, eating sparingly, slandering, concealing, and belittling. Second, the prāyশ্চittika offense of speaking ill: except for the fifth, eighth, and ninth rules, these are established for the group of six bhikṣus. When a bhikṣu speaks to another bhikṣu with words considered faults in that place and time, without good intention, and the other person understands. Third, the prāyশ্চittika offense of creating discord: a bhikṣu uses divisive words to create discord among harmonious bhikṣus. Fourth, the prāyশ্চittika offense of stirring up old disputes: when a dispute between two bhikṣus has been pacified by the saṃgha in accordance with the Dharma, and oneself and the other person are involved in the act of pacifying the dispute, wanting to stir up the dispute again, saying, "That dispute was not completely pacified, it needs to be pacified again," stirring up the dispute by raking up old issues, speaking such words and the other person understanding. Fifth, the prāyশ্চittika offense of teaching Dharma to women: established for bhikṣuṇīs. Without another companion who upholds the precepts, teaching more than five or six phrases of Dharma that she does not understand, such as "All conditioned things are impermanent," to a woman who desires to listen to the Dharma. Sixth, the prāyশ্চittika offense of chanting: a bhikṣu, with a frivolous mind, together with someone who has not received full ordination, chants the Dharma in various tones. Seventh, the prāyশ্চittika offense of declaring misdeeds: regarding a bhikṣu who has committed a pārājika or saṃghāvaśeṣa offense, without being appointed, declaring his pārājika or saṃghāvaśeṣa offense to someone who is not a bhikṣu and is not skilled in the precepts, and the other person understands. Eighth, the prāyশ্চittika offense of falsely claiming to possess superior human qualities: for example, a bhikṣu of the fisherman caste.
Chinese
规定了五百名比丘。如果获得了人天导师功德的比丘，在没有特殊必要的情况下，说自己获得了尚未圆满的境界，要让当地人知道。第九个是诽谤为徇私情的堕罪：规定了朋友和萨拉斯卡亚。对于从事僧团事务的比丘，因为无法忍受给予食物以外的少量合规用品，就嘲笑说僧团的财物是徇私情给予个人的，要让对方知道。第十个是轻蔑的堕罪：在诵戒的时候，例如在诵戒律经的时候，说诵这些细微的学处有什么用，要让其他人知道。第二组，种子组：断绝种子生长，以自我为中心进行诽谤和恐吓，不听劝告而另作回答，不整理床和坐垫导致掉落，驱逐比丘和涂抹界限，用脚踩踏，在床脚挖洞，使用有生命的虫子的水，种植草，建造双层佛塔。明知故犯。如上所述，共有十条。第一个是破坏种子和生长的堕罪：这一条和第十条都是对六群比丘规定的。比丘对于大麦等种子和幼苗等任何生长物，属于自己的财产，没有损坏，没有经过处理，没有被自己的草捆绑等条件，自己破坏或者让别人破坏都可以。破坏的时候，每破坏一棵树，每一根草，每一粒种子，就犯一个堕罪。对于摘取成熟的斯塔卡等果实，使其脱离树木等行为，则犯轻罪。这里所说的“经过处理”是指：用火接触水果等，或者用刀、指甲、鹦鹉等造成伤口等方式进行处理。除了适当时节之外的三种其他药物，在下午使用时，用冷水泼洒也算是经过处理。第二个是诽谤的堕罪：是对朋友和萨拉斯卡亚等人规定的。对于符合佛法的僧团事务的管理者或者正在进行管理的比丘，即使自己不是给予恶劣住所等的人，却以自我为中心说“这个人
English
Having stipulated for five hundred monks. If a monk who has attained the qualities of a supreme teacher of humans and gods, without any special need, says that he has attained a state that is not yet complete, the local people should know about it. The ninth is the downfall of accusing someone of favoritism: It is stipulated for friends and those born from the earth. For a monk who is engaged in the affairs of the Sangha, because he cannot bear to give a small amount of compliant supplies other than food, he mocks that the property of the Sangha is given to individuals out of favoritism, and the other person should know about it. The tenth is the downfall of contempt: When reciting the precepts, such as when reciting the Pratimoksha Sutra, saying what is the use of reciting these subtle training rules, others should know about it. The second group, the seed group: Cutting off the growth of seeds, slandering and intimidating with self-centeredness, answering differently without listening to advice, not tidying up the bed and cushions causing them to fall, expelling monks and smearing boundaries, trampling with feet, digging holes in the bed legs, using water with living creatures, planting grass, building two-story stupas. Knowingly done. As mentioned above, there are ten in total. The first is the downfall of destroying seeds and growth: This and the tenth are stipulated for the group of six monks. A monk, for barley and other seeds and any growth such as seedlings, which are his own property, not damaged, not treated, not bound by his own grass, etc., whether he destroys it himself or has others destroy it. When destroying, for each tree destroyed, each blade of grass, each seed, one commits a downfall for destroying that particular one. For actions such as picking ripe fruits such as star fruit and separating them from the trees, one commits a minor offense. Here, "treated" means: touching fruits etc. with fire, or making wounds with knives, nails, parrots, etc. Other than the appropriate time, when using the other three medicines in the afternoon, sprinkling cold water is also considered treated. The second is the downfall of slander: It is stipulated for friends and those born from the earth. For a manager of Sangha affairs who is in accordance with the Dharma or a monk who is managing, even if he is not the one who gives bad lodging etc., but with self-centeredness says "this person"
Chinese
或者直接说“某人是恶棍”等等，或者用讽刺的口吻说“有些人是这样做的”，无论哪种方式，只要能理解是在讽刺就行。在列举之后，就成了正式的。意思是说，当讽刺者被僧团通过羯磨法列入恶人名单时，就成了正式的。第三，违犯教诫的堕罪是：这和第九条是在 कौशाम्बी (Kaushambi) 的僧团制定的。如果比丘犯了堕罪，为了让他接受忏悔，而谈论他的堕罪，或者进行符合佛法的教诫和提问，但他却装作没听见，或者以轻蔑的态度，不回答，而是说一些其他的、错误的回答，并且被他人理解。第四，关于床的堕罪是：在舍卫城为众多的比丘制定的。使用僧团的床和卧具等住所后，自己不收拾，也不委托他人，而是丢弃在没有遮盖的地方，导致损坏，或者即使没有损坏，也离开了住所附近四十九肘的距离。第五，铺设的堕罪是：为从南方来的两位比丘制定的。在僧团的寺庙里，在有生物滋生危险的地方，铺设草等铺垫物，自己或委托他人铺设后，不收拾就丢弃，导致生物滋生等损坏，或者即使没有损坏，也离开了附近。第六，驱逐的堕罪是：这和下一条都是在瞻波制定的。从僧团的寺庙里，因为嗔恨而驱逐其他比丘，或者指使他人驱逐，导致他离开。第七，压制的堕罪是：在僧团的寺庙里，对先前入住的比丘，以伤害为目的，通过身或语进行侵犯，从而压制他。第八，导致损坏的堕罪是：在舍卫城为ཉེ་དགའ་ (Nyer Dga') 制定的。在僧团寺庙的柔软屋顶上，放置尖锐的床脚并坐在上面，导致屋顶出现孔洞。第九，播种的堕罪是：对含有生物的水、草木等，明知故犯地进行播种或使用，或者指使他人进行，导致多少生物死亡，就犯下多少堕罪。第十，过度建造房屋的堕罪。
English
Or directly saying "So-and-so is a villain," etc., or sarcastically saying "Some people do it this way," either way, as long as it is understood as sarcasm. After being enumerated, it becomes official. It means that when the satirist is included in the list of villains by the Sangha through the Karma procedure, it becomes official. Third, the offense of causing annoyance by admonition is: This and the ninth were established for the Sangha in Kaushambi. If a Bhikshu commits an offense, in order to make him repent, talking about his offense, or giving admonitions and asking questions in accordance with the Dharma, but he pretends not to hear it, or with a contemptuous attitude, does not answer, but says other, wrong answers, and it is understood by others. Fourth, the offense regarding beds is: Established in Shravasti for many Bhikshus. After using the Sangha's beds and bedding, etc., without collecting them himself or entrusting them to others, but discarding them in a place without cover, causing damage, or even if there is no damage, leaving the vicinity of the residence by forty-nine cubits. Fifth, the offense of laying down is: Established for two Bhikshus who came from the south. In the Sangha's temple, in a place where there is a danger of living beings breeding, laying down grass and other mats, after laying them down himself or entrusting them to others, discarding them without collecting them, causing damage such as living beings breeding, or even if there is no damage, leaving the vicinity. Sixth, the offense of expelling is: This and the next one were both established in Champa. From the Sangha's temple, expelling other Bhikshus out of hatred, or instructing others to expel them, causing them to leave. Seventh, the offense of suppressing is: In the Sangha's temple, to a Bhikshu who has previously entered, with the intention of harming him, committing harm through body or speech, thereby suppressing him. Eighth, the offense of causing damage is: Established in Shravasti for Nyer Dga'. On the soft roof of the Sangha's temple, placing sharp bed legs and sitting on them, causing holes to appear in the roof. Ninth, the offense of sowing is: Knowingly sowing or using water, grass, trees, etc. containing living beings, or instructing others to do so, causing as many living beings to die, as many offenses are committed. Tenth, the offense of excessively building houses.
Chinese
如果明知地基不稳固，或者没有开凿水井等有坍塌的危险，自己建造或者指使他人建造超过四间房大小的寺庙，一天之内建造超过两三层带泥土的塔。第三个十组是关于未经指派的比丘尼的：以下是关于比丘尼的。未经指派就说法，即使指派了也在日落后说法，在食物面前说法，缝制衣服，给予僧衣，为了共同的目的结伴同行，同乘一条船逆流而上，在僻静的地方一起坐着、站着，进行性行为，一起吃饭，这些都应该避免。以下所说的“以下”是为了说明这一个十组仅仅依赖于比丘尼。其中有十条。第一条是未经指派就说法的堕罪：这一条和第六条、第七条、第十条是为六群比丘制定的。没有被指派为比丘尼的说法者，或者即使被指派了但不具备资格的比丘为比丘尼说法，并且她们听懂了。第二条是在日落后说法的堕罪：这一条和第三条是为欢喜者制定的。即使被指派为比丘尼的说法者，在有危险的地方，比丘尼在日落后仍然听闻说法。第三条是在食物面前说法的堕罪：即使有资格被指派为比丘尼的说法者，为了获得供养而不说法，但因为嫉妒，为了少许食物而说法，并且指责说法的地点。第四条是做衣服的堕罪：这一条和第八条、第九条是为查迦制定的。为非亲属的比丘尼缝制衣服并完成制作。第五条是给予衣服的堕罪：是为从船长出家的比丘制定的。仅仅因为是熟人，将自己合格的僧衣给予非亲属的比丘尼，并且她亲自收下。第六条是一起在路上行走的堕罪：如果比丘在没有危险的地方的路上，与非亲属的比丘尼为了共同的目的结伴同行，为了方便旅行而同行，每超过一由旬就犯一次堕罪，每超过半由旬就犯一次恶作罪。第七条是一起上船的堕罪：像之前一样，与比丘尼一起上船，而不是直