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37 These, or whatever other incorporeal, causally induced states there are on that occasion — tlaese are states that are good. [Summary, cf. § 58 et seq.'\ [147a] Now, on that occasion the skandhas are four, the spheres are two, the elements are two, the nutriments are three, the faculties are seven,^ the Jhana is fivefold, the Path is fourfold, the powers are six,^ the causes are two,^ . contact, etc. [Continue as in § 58.] ■^ -x- -x- * * -x- [148] What on that occasion is the skandha of syntheses ? The content of the sanskdr a- skandha is the same as in the First Type of Thought, § 62,* with the following omissions : ' The faculty of wisdom,' * right views,' ' the power of wisdom,' ' the absence of dulness,' ' intelligence,' ' insight.' ^ That of * wisdom ' being omitted. ^ See preceding note. ^ * Absence of dulness ' being omitted. * In the text the reader is referred to § 62 without reservation, and is thereby landed in inconsistencies. K. enumerates the content of the skandha in full, omitting all those factors which are incompatible with a thought divorced from knowledge. I have thought it sufficient to name only these excluded factors. 38 These are omitted as incompatible with the quality * discon- nected with knowledge.' ^ ^ * * ¥r ^ These, or whatever other incorporeal, etc. * * * * * * [Here ends] the Third Type of Thought.^ lY. [149] Which are the states that are good ? When a good thought concerning the sensuous universe has arisen by the prompting of a conscious motive, a thought which is accompanied by happiness, disconnected with knowledge, and having as its object a sight, a sound, a smell, a taste, a touch, a [mental] state, or what not, then there is contact, etc. [continue as in § 147] — these, or what- ever other incorporeal, causally induced states there are on that occasion — these are states that are good. . . .^ [Here ends] the Fourth Thought. ^ Placed erroneously in the text after § 147. '^ So K. The text, by omitting not only the repetitions, but also the essentially distinctive factor sasankh arena, renders the insertion of the ' Fourth Thought ' quite un- intelligible. Buddhaghosa gives a different illustration of this type of thought in harmony with its resemblance to and difference from the former cittarn sasankharena, viz.: in its involving a pleasurable state of mind, but not any great understanding or discernment. Such is the thought of little boys, who, when their parents duck their heads to make them worship at a cetiya, willingly comply, though doing so without intelligent conviction. Asl. 156. 89 V. [150] Which are the states that are good? When a good thought concerning the sensuous universe has arisen, accompanied by disinterestedness,^ associated with knowledge, and having as its object a sight, a sound, a smell, a taste, a touch, a [mental] state, or what not, then there is contact, etc. [continue as in § 1, but for * joy ' and * happiness ' substitute * equanimity ' (upekkha), and for * the faculty of happiness ' substitute ' the faculty of disinterestedness '].^ [151] What on that occasion is contact? Answer as m § 2. [152] What on that occasion is feeling? The mental [condition] neither pleasant nor unpleasant, which, on that occasion, is born of contact with the appro- priate element of representative intellection ; the sensation, born of contact with thought, which is neither easeful nor painful ; the feeling, born of contact with thought, which is neither easeful nor painful — this is the feeling that there then is. * -X- -x- -x- ■• * [Continue as in §§ 4-8.] [153] What on that occasion is disinterestedness ?^ Answer^ as in preceding reply, omitting the phrase ' born ^ Upekkha. 'This is impartiality (lit., middleness) in connexion with the object of thought, and implies a dis- criminative knowledge' (Asl. 157). Cf. its significance in the cultivation of Jhana, § 165. In the Jhana that may arise in connexion with the first type of thought, which is concomitant with ' joy ' and ' ease,' it is replaced by ' self- collectedness.' See § 83. ^ Here, again, the excision, in the text, of practically the whole answer, and the reference to § 156, where the sixth thought is differentiated from this, the fifth thought, by the quality sasankharena, quite obscures the classifica- tion adopted in the original. ^ Substituted for 'joy' and 'ease,' §§ 9, 10. 40 of contact with the appropriate element of representative intellection.' [Continue as in §§ 11-17.] [154] What on that occasion is the faculty of dis- interestedness ? Answer as in preceding reply. Continue as in §§ 19-57. [Summary.] [154a] Now, on that occasion the skandhas are four, the spheres are two, the elements are two, the nutriments are three, the faculties are eight, the Jhana is fourfold,^ the Path is fivefold, the powers are seven, the causes are three, contact, etc., etc. [c/. § 58], the sphere of mental states is a single factor, the element of mental states is a single factor. These, or whatever other incorporeal, causally induced states there are on that occasion — these are states that are good. . . . [Continue as in §§ 59-61.] [155] What on that occasion is the skandha of syn- theses ? ^ Consisting presumably in * conception,' ' discursive thought,' * disinterestedness ' (superseding *joy' and 'ease'), and ' self-collectedness.' Cf. § 83. The last-named atti- tude of mind does not usually figure in the Pitakas as the culminating (or other) stage of Jhana {cf, § 160 et seq.). In the Abhidhammattha-Sangaha, however, it does occur as such, and side by side also with ' disinterestedness.' J. P. T. S., 1884, p. 3. 41 Answer as in § 62, omitting * joy.'^ * ^ * * ^ ^ [Continue as in the Summay-y and * Emptiness ' Section of the First Type of Thought, 1 [Here ends] the Fifth Type of Thought.] VI. [156] Which are the states that are good ? When a good thought concerning the sensuous universe has arisen, accompanied by disinterestedness, associated with knowledge, prompted by a conscious motive, and having, as its object, a sight, a sound, a smell, a taste, a touch, a [mental] state, or what not, then there is contact, etc. >;; jI' :Ij ;|; i|c i[< [Continue as in the Fifth Type of Thought.^ [Here ends] the Sixth Type of Thought. vn. [157] Which are the states that are good ? When a good thought concerning the sensuous universe has arisen, accompanied by disinterestedness, disconnected with knowledge, and having, as its object, a sight, a sound, a smell, a taste, a touch, a [mental] state, or what not, then there is contact, etc. . . . •X- -X- -Jf -x- * -H- [Continue as in the Third Type of Thought, substituting ' disinterestedness ' for ' joy ' and * ease,' the ' faculty of dis- interestedness ' for that of * happiness,' and * fourfold ' for 'fivefold Jhana. "2] ^ K. gives the skandha in full, omitting 'joy,' joy and upekkha being mutually exclusive. 2 Nanindriyam in the text should be manindriyam. 42 [Summary.] [157a] Now, on that occasion the skandhas are four, etc., etc. [Continue as in the Third Type of Thought^ substituting ' fourfold '/o^' * fivefold Jhana.'] [158] What on that occasion is the skandha of syn- theses ? The content of this skandha is the same as in the Third Type of Thought {see § 148), with the further omission of 'joy.' [Continue as in the First Type of Thought.] t'fi i\i .;: j;c ii ^: [Here ends] the Seventh Type of Thought. VIII. [159] Which are the states that are good? When a good thought concerning the sensuous universe has arisen, accompanied by disinterestedness, disconnected with knowledge, prompted by a conscious motive, and having, as its object, a sight, a sound, a smell, a taste, a touch, a [mental] state, or what not, then there is contact, etc. [Continue as in the Seventh Type of Thought.'] [Here ends] the Eighth Type of Thought. [End of Chapter I. on] the Eight Main Types of Thought concerning the Sensuous Universe. (Here ends the Second Portion for Kecitation.) 43 Chaptee IL [Good in relation to the Universe of Form (rupa- vacara-kusalam). Methods for inducing Jhana, I. The Eight Artifices (a 1 1 h a k a s i n a m). 1. The Earth Artifice (pathavlkasina m). (a) The Fourfold System of Jhdna (catukkanayo).] [160] Which are the states that are good ?