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[54] What on that occasion is quiet (s a m a t h o) ? Answer as for ' self-collectedness,' § 11. [55] What on that occasion is insight (v i p a s s a n a) ? Ansiver as for ' wisdom,' § 16. [56] What on that occasion is grasp (p a g g a h o) ? Ansiver as for the 'faculty of energy,' § 13. [57] What on that occasion is balance (avikkhepo)?^ ^ Defined as the antithesis of crookedness, deception (may a) and craftiness (Asl. 131). ^ Or comprehension ; to know anything according to its usefulness, its expediency, its scope, and to know it clearly. Named as approximately equivalent to ' wisdom,' the Cy. assigns to it as well the characteristics of mindfulness {ibid.), Cf the frequent twin qualification of sati-sam- pajano — e.g,, M. i. 274. ^ ' The opposite of excitement or fluster ' (Asl. ibid.). Literally, ' the absence of wavering ' (or vacillation or unsteadiness). 20 Answer as for * self-coUectedness,' § 11. These, or whatever other ^ incorporeal, causally induced states there are on that occasion — these are states that are good. Here ends the delimitation of terms (Pada-bhajani- yam). End of the First Portion for Eecitation. [Summary of the constituents of the First Type of Thought (sangahavaram or kotthasa var am).]^ [58] Now, on that occasion the skandhas are four, the spheres (a y a t a n a n i) are two, the elements ( d h a t u y o) are two, the nutriments (a h a r a) are three, the faculties (indriyani) are eight, the Jhana is fivefold, the Path is fivefold, the powers (b a 1 a n i) are seven, the causes (h e t u) are three ; ^ See above, p. 5. ■^ The constituent dhammas of the first of the eight schemata of * good thoughts' (cittangani) are now rehearsed with reference to class and number. The motive probably was to aid the student either to a conspectus of the psychosis in question, or mnemonically. Thus, if the constituent factors of the thought be regarded under the aspect of classified aggregates (r a s a 1 1 h e n a, or k h a n d h a t - then a), they all fall under four heads. All that do not belong to the skandhas of feeling, perception, or intellect, come under the sanskara-skandha. Kegarded under the aspect of collocation or conjuncture (ayatanam), they all fall under two heads, corresponding to the fourth, and to the first, second, and third, of those four skandhas re- spectively. Regarded under the aspect of phenomena, of non-noilmena (sabhavatthena, suiliiatatthena, nis- sattatthena), they all fall under two heads, corre- sponding to the two preceding. We then come to partial aspects. 27 are each single [factors] ; - are each single [factors] ; contact, feeling, perception, thinking, thought, the skandhas of feeling, perception, syntheses, intellect, the sphere of ideation (man a-' yatanam), the faculty of ideation, the element of representative in- tellection (manovinnana- dhatu), the sphere of a (representative) state, the element of a (representative) state, These, or whatever other incorporeal, causally induced states there are on that occasion — these are states that are good. are each single [factors]. [59] What on that occasion are the four skandhas ? The skandhas of feeling, perception, syntheses and in- tellection. [60] (i.) What on that occasion is the skandha of feeling? The mental pleasure, the mental ease, which there is on that occasion,^ the pleasurable, easeful sensation which is born of contact with thought, the pleasant, easeful ^ The omission in both this and the next answer of the phrase, used in § § 3 and 4 — ' born of contact with the appropriate element of representative intellection ' — is not noticed in the Cy. K. draws attention to it in a footnote, not at this passage, but at §§ 108-110. The omission is probably accidental. 28 feeling born of contact with thought — this is the skandha of feeling that there then is (§§ 3, 10, 18). [61] (ii.) What on that occasion is the skandha of per- ception ? The perception, the perceiving, the state of having per- ceived, which there is on that occasion — this is the skandha of perception that there then is (§ 4). [62] (iii.) What on that occasion is the skandha of syntheses?^ (i) Contact, (ii) thinking, (iii) conception, (iv) discursive thought, (v) joy, (vi) self-collectedness, (vii) the faculty of faith, (viii) the faculty of energy, (ix) the faculty of mindfulness, (x) the faculty of concentration, (xi) the faculty of wisdom, (xii) the faculty of vitality, (xiii) right views, (xiv) right intention, (xv) right endeavour, (xvi) right mindfulness, (xvii) right concentration, (xviii) the power of faith, (xix) the power of energy, (xx) the power of mindfulness, (xxi) the power of concentration, (xxii) the power of wisdom, (xxiii) the power of conscientiousness, (xxiv) the power of the fear of blame, (xxv) absence of lust, (xxvi) absence of hate, (xxvii) absence of dulness. ^ See Introduction, 29 (xxviii) absence of covetousness, (xxix) absence of malice, (xxx) right views, (xxxi) conscientiousness, (xxxii) the fear of blame, (xxxiii) serenity of sense, (xxxiv) serenity of thought, (xxxv) buoyancy of sense, (xxxvi) buoyancy of thought, (xxxvii) plasticity of sense, (xxxviii) plasticity of thought, (xxxix) wieldiness of sense, (xl) wieldiness of thought, (xli) fitness of sense, (xlii) fitness of thought, (xliii) rectitude of sense, . (xliv) rectitude of thought, (xlv) mindfulness, (xlvi) intelligence, (xlvii) quiet, (xlviii) insight, (xlix) grasp, (1) balance. These, or whatever other incorporeal, causally induced states there are on that occasion, exclusive of the skandhas of feeling, perception and intellection — these are the skandha of syntheses. [63] (iv.) What on that occasion is the skandha of in- tellect ? The thought which on that occasion is ideation, mind, the heart, that which is clear, ideation as the sphere of mind, as the faculty of mind, the skandha of intellect, the appropriate element of representative intellection — this is the skandha of intellect that there then is (§ 6). These on that occasion are the four skandhas. [64] What on that occasion are the two spheres ? The sphere of ideation, the sphere of (mental) states. 30 [65] What on that occasion is the sphere of ideation (manayatanam)? Answer as for ' thought,' § 6, and for the ' skandha of intellection,' § 63. [66] What on that occasion is the sphere of (mental) states (dhammayatanam)? The skandhas of feeling, perception, syntheses — this i& on that occasion the sphere of (mental) states. These are on that occasion the two spheres. [67] What on that occasion are the two elements ? The element of representative intellection, the element of (mental) states. [68] What on that occasion is the element of repre- sentative intellection (manoviniianadhatu)? Answer as for * thought,' § 6 ; c/. §§ 63, ^d. [69] What on that occasion is the element of ^ (mental) states (dhammadhatu)? The skandhas of feeling, of perception, of syntheses — these are on that occasion the element of (mental) states. These are on that occasion the two elements. [70] What on that occasion are the three nutriments?^ The nutriment of contact, the nutriment of representa- tive cogitation, the nutriment of intellection. [71] What on that occasion is the nutriment of contact (p h a s s a h a r o) ? ^ These three incorporeal nutriments or foods, together with the fourth or corporeal food, are given in the Sutta Pitaka: M. i. 261 ; S. ii. 11. In the A. they are not classified under the Catukka Nipata ; but in the Dasaka Nipata (A. v. 136) ten species of aharo are named, which have no reference to the four. E.g., ' appropriate action is the aharo of health.' Buddhaghosa, dwelling on the ety- mology, calls them not so much conditions as supplementary casual ' adducts' (a-har). Given, e.g., a living individual, adduce contact, and you get feeling : adduce cogitation, and you get the three * becomings ' (in the universe of sense, etc.) ; adduce intellect, and you get conception and name- and-form (Asl. 153). 31 Answer as for ' contact,' ^ 2. [72] What on that occasion is the nutriment of repre- sentative cogitation (manosancetanaharo)? The thinking, the cogitating, the reflection which there is on that occasion^this is the representative cogitation that there then is. [73] What on that occasion is the nutriment of intellec- tion (vifiiianaharo)? Anstver as for the ' skandha of intellection,' § 63. These on that occasion are the three nutriments. [74] What on that occasion are the eight faculties ?