English
" The word "even" implies expectation of embellishment. It reveals embellishment, or it is the revealer of embellishments, and thus it is to be expressed, and that is its nature. Here, "nature" is the relation between denoter and denoted. And the usage of that sound embellishment, etc., and the application of that usage of the term "embellishment," is the sentence. 13. Embellishments are of two kinds, there, due to the difference of sound and meaning; Sound and meaning are called a bond, that which is fitted to it, and its series. 13. Now, to show the division of the aforementioned embellishments, and its connection, and the structure of that bond, connecting what was said below into one, "Of two kinds," etc., is begun. There, in that treatise known as a work of art, in that... In that treatise on embellishments, embellishments are of two kinds, as stated. How so? By difference of sound and difference of meaning, sound embellishments and meaning embellishments, embellishments are of two kinds, is the meaning. Those by whose difference they are of two kinds are sound and meaning. That series which has the name "composition" is indeed named composition. Adorned, manifested by those embellishments, adorned by them, the series of those sounds and meanings, a major sentence or an intermediate sentence. A complete composition is a major sentence, and elements like detached verses are intermediate sentences, having translated that adorned series of them, sounds and meanings are prescribed, without being rejected. 13. Now, to show together the stated and unstated kinds of the stated embellishments and the body of the stated composition, which is the basis for them, he said, "of two kinds," etc. There, in that treatise on embellishments called Kiriyakappa, or rather, in the section on embellishments, embellishments, the embellishments to be spoken of, are of two kinds by difference of sound and meaning, as sound embellishments and meaning embellishments. Those by whose difference embellishments are distinct are sound and meaning, just the name composition. Adorned by those sound and meaning embellishments, the series of those sounds and meanings, in the form of a collection of great poems, is said to be the composition. And "that which has the name 'composition'," and "adorned by those sound and meaning embellishments," and "the series of those sounds and meanings" are compounds. 14. Endowed with virtues and embellishments, Yet marked by a trace of fault; Not praised by the wise, Like such a maiden. 14. Thus, to show that even though adorned with virtue and embellishment, that series of sounds and meanings, being associated with even a small fault, should not be touched by the wise, he said, "virtue," etc. Even though endowed with virtue called sound embellishment and with meaning embellishment, especially adorned, that series of sounds and meanings, being marked, stained, even by a trace of fault, is not praised, should not be praised, by the wise, by learned men who know the distinction between virtue and fault. Like what? She says, "The maiden is mature like this." Just as a ten-year-old maiden, approaching the fullness of youth, captivating the eyes and minds of people with her qualities, and adorned with special ornaments, if marked by even a speck of leprosy, would be untouchable to the wise, how much more so if marked by many specks, even so, a collection of words and meanings, even with a small defect in sound or meaning, like a speck of leprosy, is to be avoided by the wise, how much more so if with many defects, it is said. 14. Thus, when a collection of words and meanings, adorned with qualities as ornaments, is marked by some defect of words, etc., showing that it is not praiseworthy, she says, "Endowed with qualities and ornaments," etc. Even though endowed with qualities and ornaments, especially endowed with the quality known as sound-ornament, and with meaning-ornament, that collection of words and meanings, marked by a speck of defect, marked by even a small defect such as a defect of words, etc., endowed with, united with, such a collection of words and meanings, even though endowed with qualities and ornaments, if marked by a speck of defect, is like a ten-year-old maiden, a woman who has reached youth, not praised, not to be praised by the wise, the examiners of qualities and defects. Just as a ten-year-old woman, established in a state of loveliness, endowed with pleasing qualities, and with special ornaments such as beautiful, fitting necklaces, etc., if united with a visible speck of white leprosy, is not pleasing to those who examine qualities and defects, even so, the method of composition described above, if united with some defect of words, etc., like leprosy, is not enjoyable to the wise, is the meaning. "Marked by a speck of defects," and "like that, it appears," and "such," are the analyses. 15. Therefore, the removal of defects, should be achieved with great effort; If it is flawless in every way, why would it not be virtuous? 15. Since it is so, therefore, for that reason, with great effort, with great exertion, the removal of defects, of defects of words, etc., the causes of misfortune, the abandonment from the doctrine's view, from the doctrine's influence, should be achieved, "by the wise," is understood. If the removal of defects is achieved, what virtue is obtained? If it is flawless in every way, free from defects, that collection of words and meanings, If that collection of words and meanings, endowed with virtues, together with qualities known as sound ornaments, were not to exist, what then? It would certainly exist. The intention is that what is devoid of qualities and unadorned should not be adopted. 15. Therefore, since it is not to be adopted by the wise because it is associated with faults, therefore, with great effort, with increased exertion, the removal of faults, the very elimination of faults of words and so on, should be achieved by the wise with wisdom regarding many texts. When this is so, in every way, in every manner, faultless, devoid of faults, would this collection of words and meanings, endowed with virtues, together with qualities known as sound ornaments, not exist? The intention is that it would exist endowed with qualities. And the resolution is: "The removal of faults" means, "There are no faults in this," and "Gone forth from faults," and "Existing together with virtues." 16. Though devoid of ornaments, Endowed with virtues, delightful; Faultless, free from faults, Endowed with virtues, like a bride. 16. Why is such a composition, through the abandonment of faults and the adoption of virtues, thus? He says, "Though devoid of ornaments," etc. That collection of words and meanings, even though devoid of ornaments, being faultless, completely free from faults, endowed with virtues, together with qualities known as sound ornaments, is delightful because it is a great cause for the flowing of a multitude of joys for people, it attracts to itself, it becomes delightful. There he gives an example, "Like a bride free from faults, endowed with virtues." Just as a bride, devoid of any fault whatsoever, endowed with special virtues such as pleasing conduct, even if unadorned, unembellished by any ornament, is nevertheless sweet, what need is there for the adornment of poets, what need is there to be delightful? Even so, this collection of words and meanings is delightful, is the meaning. 16. Now, he shows the benefit of abandoning faults and adopting virtues with "Though devoid of ornaments," etc. That collection of words and meanings, even though devoid of ornaments, being faultless, completely free from faults, endowed with virtues, therefore having become virtuous, endowed with sound ornaments, free from faults, abandoned by faults such as ugliness and bad structure, endowed with virtues, endowed with heart-pleasing virtues, like a bride, like a woman, is delightful, good. They do not respect. 17. In words, sentences, and their meanings, Various faults are known; With examples of these, I will explain their characteristics. 17. Because even when endowed with qualities and embellishments, a text flawed by even a trace of faults is disregarded by the wise, and even when devoid of embellishments, a text delightful due to the absence of faults is endowed with qualities, and because even a fault that does not lead to harm should be avoided according to the Teacher's view, therefore, to show those faults, he makes a promise with "pade," etc. "Tadattho" means the meaning of those words and sentences. "Udāharaṇaṃ" means that which is exemplified as an example; "sodāharaṇaṃ" means with examples. "Lakkhaṇaṃ" means that by which something is characterized. 17. Since even a composition endowed with embellishments is not to be accepted if it is associated with even a slight fault, and since even without embellishments, that which is free from faults is to be accepted by the wise, and since the avoidance of major faults is absolutely necessary, now, to show the faults that have been ascertained, he makes a promise with "pade vākye," etc. "Pade" means in the four kinds of words beginning with nouns, and "vākye" means in a sentence with the characteristic stated as "a collection of syllables ending in 'sya' and 'ti' is a sentence with a causal verb," and "tadatthe" means in the meanings of those words and sentences, the various kinds of faults that are known to the wise as faults should be understood. Of these faults in words, etc., "sodāharaṇaṃ" means with examples, and "lakkhaṇaṃ" means the characteristic together with an example. And here: "A word is said to be of four kinds, Noun, verb, prefix, And particle, knowers of that; A horse runs." [In the noun section of the Rūpasiddhi Ṭīkā]. First, the word should be examined according to the stated rule.