English
" "Having gone, looking around." "Speaking truth, speaking fact." "If a woman were an Arahant." "Sāmāvatī said." "The evil-doer suffers in both places." "The river overflows." "Those monks who were of few wishes." "The monks addressed." "The monks grumbled." "The monks spoke thus." "In this village, the guards." "All these." "Which eleven?" "In the deep, near the water." "Heedfulness is the path to the Deathless." "May the Saṅgha come!" "Who will traverse this earth?" "Light arose." "One by one." "The four floods." Also in particles: "Indeed, I too." "If of this body." "Not advancing." "Oh, how wonderful!" "And also within." "Then the venerable." "And also with a mind like a camel's lip." "Then the Teacher addressed." By "sometimes" in "in 'akāra iti eva ettha' and so on, sandhi also occurs." For example: "You have come." "We have come." "Which four?" "This person is of little learning." "Woman, indeed." "And like a mirage." "All indeed." "He himself." "This is the method." "Pure here, O venerables." "Not here." "How can that be obtained here?" "If this Brahmin." "Like that." "As he said." What is "Asamāse"? "The tongue-base." "The flood of ignorance." "The faculty of femininity." "The base of mastery." "The arising of fear." What is "Acchandānurakkhaṇe"? "Faith here is the best wealth for a person." "Who is the master." At the end of nominal words, with 'i' and 'a' vowels: "He recited with verses." "They brought flowers." "He gave to the Teacher." What is "Kvacī"? "He did in his mind." 36. Vowels are natural before consonants. Vowels, indeed, are mostly in their natural form before consonants. by which there is no change due to lengthening, shortening, or elision. For example: transgression, condition, speaks or acts, aggregate of feeling, fortunate, good like a whip, is given, having become silent, he teaches the Dhamma. Thus, the rule for natural sandhi is finished. Rule for Consonant Sandhi Now consonant sandhi is spoken of. "In a consonant" is the heading, and "vowels, sometimes" also applies. 37. Lengthening. Vowels indeed, when a consonant follows, sometimes attain lengthening, thus lengthening occurs in places where the smooth pronunciation of the Sutta and the preservation of meter are desired. His abandoned, his abandoned, his own, his own, the fool thinks it honey, the fool thinks it honey, thus a sage should wander in the village, patience is the highest austerity, forbearance, I shall not be confused, well-proclaimed, that which I, from craving arises sorrow, from craving arises fear, strong, straight, and very straight, non-harming, difficult to guard, difficult to delight in, easy to guard, difficult to carry. What is "sometimes"? That today, his own, is drawn back. What is sacrificed or offered in the world, or among disciples, those persons are givers of Dhamma, he is called a "Bhovādi", as he is by nature, by virtue, thus here – In the very same heading – 38. Shortening. Vowels indeed, when a consonant follows, sometimes attain shortening, thus shortening occurs for the preservation of meter, for insertion, and in conjunction. For the preservation of meter, for example: what is sacrificed or offered in the world, or among disciples, those persons are givers of Dhamma, he is called a "Bhovādi", as he is by nature, by virtue. For insertion, for example: just as this, well-proclaimed. In conjunction: valor, valor, assault, assault, thus the destruction of craving, I am a recipient of jhāna, I am in control, grave offense. What is "sometimes"? Let this not be, by mind, for those liberated by knowledge, in due order, narrative, is given, is heard. "This indeed will make an end, he going does not return," in this case – In the very same heading – 39. Elision, and in that place, the letter 'a'. Vowels indeed, when a consonant follows, sometimes attain elision, and in that place where elision occurs, the insertion of the letter 'a' also happens. This elision is for the 'o' at the end of the word 'eta' (this). This indeed by he will make an end, going he does not return, thus is this Dhamma, this you have attained, he is a sage, he is virtuous. What is "kvaci"? This is the Dhamma, he is a sage, he is virtuous. Sometimes, by the word "ca", the final "a" of "eta" is dropped even before a vowel. For example – esa attho, esa ābhogo, esa idāni. By inversion, "saramhā, byañjanassā" is also stated. 40. Doubling of the following consonant in position. The consonant following a vowel is doubled in position. The state of two is "dvibhāvo", that itself is "dvebhāvo". And here, "position" means the doubling of the initial consonants of "pa, pati, paṭi, kamu, kusa, kudha, kī, gaha, juta, ñāsi, su, sambhū, sara, sasādi" after a short "a" vowel, and also the initial of "tika, taya, tiṃsa, vata" and so on, and the final of "vatu, vaṭudi" and so on, and also after the prefixes "u, du, ni" and the words "ta, catu, cha, santa" and so on, and also "yakārādi" not at the end of a word and not after a long "a" vowel. And the substitution of "ta, la, na" and so on for "yava", and so on for "saya"; And the substitution of "saha" for the end of a root, and "sīsa" for "tapa" and so on. And in prosody – the initial of "ghara, jhe, dhaṃsu, bhama" and so on, and the fourth and second of the classes of consonants after a short "a" vowel, and so on. Among "pa, pati, paṭi" first – idha pamādo becomes idhappamādo, similarly appamādo, vippayutto, suppasanno, sammā padhānaṃ becomes sammappadhānaṃ, rassattaṃ, appativattiyo, adhipatippaccayo, suppatiṭṭhito, appaṭipuggalo, vippaṭisāro, suppaṭipanno, suppapaṭipatti. In the roots beginning with "kama" – pakkamo, paṭikkamo, hetukkamo, ākamati becomes akkamati, similarly parakkamati, yathākkamaṃ. Pakkosati, paṭikkosati, anukkosati, ākosati, akkosati. Akkuddho, atikkodho. Dhanakkīto, vikkayo, anukkayo. Paggaho, viggaho, anuggaho, niggaho, candaggaho, diṭṭhiggāho. Pajjoto, vijjotati, ujjoto. Kataññū, viññū, paññāṇaṃ, viññāṇaṃ, anuññā, manuññā, samaññā. Avassayo, nissayo, samussayo. Appassuto, vissuto, bahussuto, āsavā becomes assavā. Passambhanto, vissambhati. Aṭṭassaro, vissarati, an Rises. Breathing out, trusting, sighing deeply, in-breath, out-breath. Not letting go, letting go, abandoning, calamity, defiled, betrayer of friends, income and expenditure, lifted up, etc. What is "saramha"? Connected, arisen together, covered, moving, collection. What about "ṭhāna"? Let there be no heedlessness, grasps, one should guard against verbal anger, those who are heedless are as if dead, one should guard against mental anger, rejoices here, rejoices hereafter. In the "tika" (triad) etc. – triad of wholesome things, triad of joy, triad of roots, triad of feelings, three worlds, three enlightenments, three bases. Thirty-one, thirty-two, thirty-four. Moral practices and vows, of good vows, joyful, endowed with, again and again, etc. At the end of "vatu", "vaṭu", "disa" etc., as in – turns, rolls, seeing, contact, etc. In words following prefixes "u", "du", "ni" etc. – lifting up, lifting up. Difficult to do, difficult to do, free from doubt, free from doubt. Thus: Arisen, misconduct, without tangles, despised, rising, higher, difficult to do, fearless, elevated, foolish, weak, spotless, engaged, hard to obtain, produced, effort, hard to endure, worthless. Likewise: Doing that, born from that, inclined to that, originating from that, consisting of that. Group of four, four directions, four-footed, fourfold, four-gabled hall. Group of six, ninety-six, six-footed, six years. Respect, respected, right view, good person, very strong. What about "ṭhāna"? Collection, cause, dwelling, sheltered, thence, twenty-four, sixty-six. In words beginning with "ya" (or where "ya" is prominent) – is led, is heard, having overcome, having investigated, having disciplined, what should be placed, what should be led, better, conquerable, explanation. By the word "ādi" (etc.): from here, to this extent. What is "anākāraggahaṇaṃ" (non-taking of "ā" form)? By the garland, by the swing, having taken up. What about "ṭhāna"? Is brought near, is heard, water. In the substitution of "yava" etc. – blind from birth, reversal hope, uncertainty, if thus, some also, sometimes also, in this case, when the 'i' vowel, according to "the 'i' vowel is 'ya' or not", is made into 'ya' – "Sabbassa so dāmhi vā" – from here, like a frog's leap. It is said that "tiyā" is used. 41. For the letters "yavataṃ talanadakārānaṃ", the consonants become "calañajakārattaṃ". For the letters "yavataṃ talanadakārānaṃ" which have a "yakāra", the conjunct consonants become "calañajakārattamāpajjante" in order. The inclusion of "kāra" is for the purpose of substituting "sakāra ka ca ṭa pa-vaggānaṃ" with "sakārakacaṭapavaggādesatthaṃ", and similarly for substituting "ta dha ṇa-kārānaṃ" with "cha jhañakārādesatthañca", thus the "yavata" substitution is twofold by this rule. Born blind, perversion, ignorance, just so, sometimes, at some time. Why "vāti"? For the practice of hospitality, foolishness, laziness. Why "saramhā"? Ignorance, the sphere of infinite space. From "tapa" onwards, when "simhi" is added: an ascetic, famous. In preserving meter: one should not abandon the old strength of the letters, it is better for those who go straight, they go to a good destination. In the case of the fourth and second letters of a class, in that very context, it is also said: "the doubling of the other in its place". When the doubling of the fourth and second letters of a class is due to similarity, this rule is stated. 42. In a class, the third and first for voiced and unvoiced. For the voiced and unvoiced consonants of a class that follow a vowel, the third and first letters of that class respectively undergo doubling in their place, meaning they become the third and first letters of that class due to proximity to their place.