English
therefore, if the meaning of the word "kārayamānena" were explained only by the instrumental case, in accordance with the many objective terms, as "by one doing or by one causing to be done," the expression would be contradictory. But the intention is that, without showing the meaning in terms of the word, but to show the meaning that is established by implication, the division of words is stated in the nominative case as "one doing or one causing to be done." Therefore it says "only the meaning," etc. The meaning is that it is only the meaning obtained from the word and from implication. For what must be done by one causing to be done, must also be done by one doing; this is the implication to be understood here. "Uddeso" means to be designated as an owner. "Setakamma" means a thin plaster made with white clay or lime for the purpose of making it white. To prevent the doubt that it would exceed the measure when measured together with this, it says "abbohārika" (not to be reckoned). The intention is that it does not go into the reckoning of exceeding the measure, because it is not a part of the dwelling. Then, showing the method of what has been said, concerning the meaning of what has been said, "This has been said," etc., was stated. There, without saying "in length and in width," by saying "in length or in width," because the word 'vā' (or) which implies an alternative, was used, it is revealed that there is an offense even if it is increased in one part only— this is the intention. "Three cubits" means three cubits by the ordinary hand. Some say "by the carpenter's cubit" (Sārattha. Ṭī. 2.348-349). That contradicts "where... (etc.)... this hut does not count as a hut" because a bed of the proper size can be easily turned in a hut even three cubits by a carpenter's cubit. "Or less than four cubits" - this was said with reference to a bed of the minimum size that cannot be turned. For if a bed of the proper size cannot be turned in a hut even four cubits by the ordinary hand, that is not a hut. Therefore, the measure should be taken as merely the turning of the bed. "A bed of the proper size" means a bed of the absolute minimum size. Indeed, that is nine spans or eight spans by the ordinary span. A bed smaller than that, after placing a head-pillow, is not sufficient for stretching out the feet and lying down. "Even less than the measure" means even less than the maximum measure. This was said to remove doubt, whether the description of the object should be made even for the minimum measure, or not. "Mud-plaster" means plaster made with some adhesive, or plaster made of red clay, etc., for coloring white, red, etc. Therefore, it says, "It is indeed unplastered." By this, it shows that thick plaster made with dense mud in ponds, etc., falls under the category of mud-plaster, thus becoming a recognized plaster. "Piṭṭhasaṅghāṭa" is a square wooden frame, called a door-frame, where the door is closed by leaning the door-panel with its upper part. "Even having looked" means even having announced, the meaning is even by way of the act of announcing. It should be understood that 'o' is substituted for 'apa'. 353. "Even a fixed grazing ground" - here, the fixed (grazing ground) of elephants going for fodder... The path of going is also included. Of these, of lions and so on. Grazing ground means the place for taking prey. Not taken means not taken as something to be rejected, it means not forbidden. For the grazing grounds of lions and so on are not fixed like those of elephants; but wherever there are creatures like cattle and buffaloes, they go quickly to that place, even if it is far, and take their prey. Therefore, that is not forbidden to them, but only the fixed path of going is forbidden, because the path of going from the lair is fixed. Of other wild animals, too, such as wild buffaloes and so on. For health means for freedom from danger. The remaining sixteen are those dependent on the former description and so on. And these should be understood as being subject to dangers such as crowds of people, great crowds, destruction of huts, bodily pain, and so on. They strike here, hence a place of ambush. To clarify the meaning of "enemy's house," it is said, "made for the purpose of killing thieves." Dhammagandhika means those who, by means of the Dhamma, by the law of punishment, are marked for cutting off hands, feet, and so on. Gandhika is also said of a piece of wood or a plank on which one places a hand or foot and cuts it off; and the place marked by that. In the Pāli, "dependent on the road" means dependent on the path. "Dependent on the crossroads" means dependent on the junction of four roads. By cart means by a cart for carrying goods like bricks and plaster. Pācina means the foundation, a structure to be built from the ground of the dwelling up to the eaves, on which walls, pillars, and so on are erected. Therefore, it is said, "from that point onwards," and so on. Although there is no special distinction here between prior use and simultaneous use, as in the case of taking what is not given, yet their separate presentation is made to show the division by breaking the hut in the phrase "or to be made again by breaking." For that purpose means for the purpose of plastering. Made thus means made without a specified object or exceeding the measure. Paṇṇasāla means for the purpose of preventing the dust of leaves and grass from falling from the leaf-hut, they plaster it inside and out; this is said with reference to that. By that very reason, He will say: "He plasters the leaf-hut." Referring to the desire to finish with only the inner plaster, it was said: "Or with inner plaster," and so on. The same method applies to "or with outer plaster." Therefore, it should be connected as: "placed in a doorframe or a window." "Its space" means the hole that is the space for that doorframe, etc. "Having enlarged it again" means if the previously placed space was small, then by breaking open the door or window hole, having enlarged it again. "Placed" means having brought it to a doorframe or a window frame and established it in that enlarged or unenlarged hole. "The plaster does not join" means the plaster given all around does not join with the doorframe or window placed in that way; it means it does not become one with it. "That" means the doorframe or the window. "A Saṅghādisesa from the very beginning" means because the plaster was joined and finished all around beforehand, a Saṅghādisesa arises even before the doorframes and windows are placed. "Only by the joining of plaster" means an offense arises only by the joining of plaster all around, without windows made of bricks, etc., because there is no plaster space for the windows, or because they are made of bricks, or they say the meaning is that the plaster joins with the wall plaster even in the windows, etc. "There" means in the leaf-hut. "Leaving eight finger-breadths for light, he plasters" means he plasters up to an eight-finger-breadth opening between the timbers of the wooden wall, leaving it for light, and plasters the rest of the wall covering, with the intention that "I will plaster this opening later." If, however, he does not do this but always leaves it as a window for light, and the plaster joins with the window and doorframes, then a Saṅghādisesa arises from the very beginning. Showing this, he says: "If," and so on. "Only a clay wall counts as clay plaster," so he says: "If he makes a wall of clay, an offense arises if it joins with the roof plaster." "No offense for both" means because the former plaster did not join. because of the impossibility of self-dedication for the second. 354. For the purpose of showing the distinction of offenses: There, "in the case of starting and not completing, a dukkaṭa offense for making it an undesignated object; and for exceeding the measure, a saṅghādisesa offense." Thus, for the purpose of showing the distinction of offenses. 361. "When the hut-work is unfinished" means when the hut-work, even by a single lump of plaster, is unfinished at the completion of plastering. "Or of another person" - this is said to show that the original owner incurs no offense. But for him who received it, even for him who completes it, from the statement "He completes what others have left unfinished, an offense of saṅghādisesa" (Pārā. 363), it is an offense. Even work done previously, from the time of receiving it, is considered as done for oneself. Therefore, it should be completed by him after giving it to the Saṅgha or to novices, etc. "Or of another" - this should be understood as referring only to an unordained person. Some, however, say that "there is no offense in completing a hut received from another, because it was not made for oneself from the beginning." "Should be pulled down" means it should be destroyed down to the foundation. "Making it level with the ground" means making it level with the bottom of the foundation. 364. "Cave" means a mountain cave. "No plaster is applied here" is said because of the absence of roof plaster, or because it is specifically permitted. If they apply plaster inside the cave on the upper part for painting or other work, it does not count as a plastered hut; it is permissible. A special dwelling made of bricks, etc., in the shape of a square-roofed house, with one corner tied, not too high, is called a "guhā" (cell). Even if one plasters such a large one, there is no offense. "Ground cave" means an underground cave. In the commentaries, such as "kukkuṭacchikageha" (chicken-dung house) in the commentaries, having said that a grass hut is a chicken-dung house, and then explaining it again, the commentary teachers said that the roof is made with sticks... etc. This connection should be understood. There, "making it tied like a net with sticks" means placing them lengthwise and crosswise, and then with creepers, etc., b... having made a net with strong sticks.