English
Even a white canopy is not permissible if there is an unsuitable coverlet below; but if not, it is permissible. "Pillows red on both sides" means pillows for the head and pillows for the feet, red on both sides of the bed; this is not permissible. But if there is only one pillow, whether red or lotus-coloured or variegated on both sides, if it is of suitable size, it is permissible; but a large pillow is forbidden. Rugs and the like (Cūḷava. Aṭṭha. 320) are not permissible to spread and use on beds and chairs in a monastery belonging to the Sangha or to an individual; but on a Dhamma-seat, they are allowed in the manner of a layperson's decoration; even there, it is not permissible to lie down. "I allow, monks, to sit on a layperson's decoration, except for three things: a high-backed chair, a sofa, and a stuffed mattress; but not to lie down on them." (Cūḷava. 314) According to this saying, apart from these three: the high-backed chair and so on, it is permissible to sit on the remaining rugs and other lay decorations, whether on a Dhamma-seat, in the refectory, or inside the dwelling; but it is not permissible to lie down. But a bed or chair stuffed with cotton is only permissible in the refectory or inside the dwelling. It is permissible to sit, and there, it is permissible to lie down. But for one who has a bed or chair covered with cotton made, there is an offense of expiation for having it torn up. "I allow, monks, a covered bed, a covered chair," according to this saying, a bed or chair covered with leather, etc., is permissible. "I allow, monks, a cloak. I allow, monks, a silk cloak. I allow, monks, a rug. I allow, monks, a blanket," according to this saying, cloaks, etc., whether belonging to the Sangha or to individuals, are permissible to use as one pleases, in the monastery or inside the house, or anywhere. Here, a common rug is permissible, but a rug with a thick pile is not. "I allow, monks, all the furnishings of a palace," according to this saying, doors, beds, chairs, fans, adorned with gold, silver, etc., water pots and water bowls made of gold and silver, whatever is decorated with paintings, all are permissible for use as furnishings for a dwelling. When they say, "We give the male and female servants, the fields and land, the cows and buffaloes of the palace," there is no need for separate acceptance; when the palace is accepted, they are accepted along with it. "I allow, monks, a single-layered sandal... Monks, a double-layered sandal should not be worn... A triple-layered sandal should not be worn... A sandal with many layers should not be worn... Whoever wears one, there is an offense of wrong-doing," according to this saying, only a single-layered sandal is permissible; a double-layered or triple-layered one is not permissible. A sandal with many layers is said to be one with four layers or more, and that is not permissible only in the Middle Country. "I allow, monks, a sandal with many layers in all border regions," according to this saying, in the border regions, a sandal with many layers, whether new or used, is permissible. But in the Middle Country, "I allow..." Monks, a sandal with many straps, once worn. Monks, new sandals with many straps should not be worn, whoever wears them, commits an offense of wrong-doing. Thus, having been unfastened and removed, only used sandals with many straps are permissible, unused ones are forbidden. But a single-layered sandal, whether used or unused, is permissible everywhere. And here, excluding human skin, sandals made of any kind of skin are permissible. The same rule applies to sandal-bags, razor-bags, and key-bags. Monks, sandals entirely blue should not be worn... nor sandals entirely yellow... nor sandals entirely red... nor sandals entirely madder-red... nor sandals entirely black... nor sandals entirely dyed with great dye. Nor sandals entirely dyed with great name dye, whoever wears them, commits an offense of wrong-doing. Therefore, sandals entirely blue, etc., are not permissible. Here, blue is the color of flax flowers. Yellow is the color of kanikara flowers... Red is the color of jayasumana flowers... Madder-red is indeed the color of madder... Black is the color of half-burnt bricks... Dyed with great dye is the color of a centipede's back... Dyed with great name dye is a mixed color, the color of faded leaves. In the Kurundi, however, it is said to be "the color of a lotus flower." Having obtained any of these dyes, wiping it with a cloth to break the color, it is permissible to wear them, even if only slightly broken, it is permissible. Monks, sandals with blue straps should not be worn... nor sandals with yellow straps... nor sandals with red straps... nor sandals with madder-red straps... nor sandals with black straps... nor sandals with straps dyed with great dye... nor sandals with straps dyed with great name dye... whoever wears them, commits an offense of wrong-doing. Therefore, those whose straps are If they are blue and other colors, these too are not allowed, but it is allowed to wear them after changing the color. "Monks, sandals with heel-straps should not be worn... ...sandals with coverings should not be worn... ...sandals with wrapped coverings should not be worn... ...sandals stuffed with cotton should not be worn... ...sandals like partridge feathers should not be worn... ...sandals with ram's horn attachments should not be worn... ...sandals with goat's horn attachments should not be worn... ...sandals with scorpion-tail attachments should not be worn... ...sandals embroidered with peacock feathers should not be worn... ...ornate sandals should not be worn, whoever wears them commits an offense of wrong-doing." (Mahavagga 246) Therefore, sandals with heel-straps and so on are not allowed. Therein, "khallakabaddhā" means made by attaching a piece of leather to the sole to cover the heel. "Puṭabaddhā" is called a Greek sandal, which covers the entire foot up to the calf. "Pāliguṇṭhimā" means made by wrapping, covering only the upper part of the foot, not the calf. "Tūlapuṇṇikā" means made by stuffing with cotton fluff. "Tittirapattikā" means intricately tied, resembling partridge feathers. "Meṇḍavisāṇavaddhikā" means made by attaching straps in the shape of ram's horns at the ear-like parts. The same method applies to "ajavisāṇavaddhikā" and so on; "vicchikāḷikā" is also made by attaching straps in the shape of a scorpion's tail in that same place. "Morapiñchaparisibbitā" means embroidered with peacock feathers, like threads, on the soles or on the straps. "Citrā" means variegated. If, having obtained any of these, it is possible to use them after removing those heel-straps and so on, they should be used. But if those are present, one who uses them commits an offense of wrong-doing. "Monks, sandals made from lion skin should not be worn... ...sandals made from tiger skin should not be worn... ...sandals made from leopard skin should not be worn... ...sandals made from antelope skin should not be worn... ...sandals made from otter skin should not be worn... ...sandals made from cat skin should not be worn... ...not Sandals made of deer hide may be worn. Sandals made of otter hide may not be worn. Whoever wears them incurs an offense of wrong-doing. Therefore, sandals made of lion hide, etc., are also not permissible. Therein, "made of lion hide" means made by attaching lion hide to the edges of the robe, like a border. This method applies everywhere. "Made of otter hide" means made of the hide of a bird-cat. Even among these, any that have that hide removed may be worn. Monks, wooden sandals may not be worn. Nor palm-leaf sandals. Nor bamboo-leaf sandals. Nor grass sandals. Nor muñja-grass sandals. Nor pabbaja-grass sandals. Nor date-palm sandals. Nor lotus sandals. Nor woollen sandals. Nor golden sandals. Nor silver sandals. Nor jewel sandals. Nor beryl sandals. Nor crystal sandals. Nor bronze sandals. Nor glass sandals. Nor tin sandals. Nor lead sandals. Nor copper sandals. Nor any movable sandals may be worn. Whoever wears them incurs an offense of wrong-doing. Therefore, any movable sandals made of any kind of grass or anything else may not be worn. Monks, I allow three kinds of fixed, immovable sandals: sandals for the toilet, sandals for urination, sandals for rinsing the mouth. Therefore, three kinds of sandals, such as toilet sandals, which are firmly fixed on the ground, immovable, and not to be carried away, are permissible to use. Monks, a village should not be entered with sandals on. Whoever enters incurs an offense of wrong-doing. Therefore, a village should not be entered with sandals on. Monks, I allow a sick monk to enter a village with sandals on. Therefore, if one's feet are cracked, or one has a foot ailment, or one's feet are painful, and one cannot enter a village without sandals, it is permissible for such a sick person to enter a village with sandals on. Monks, I allow within the monastery grounds To wear sandals, a torch, a lamp, a staff – by this saying (Mahavagga 249), within the monastery, even for one not sick, it is permissible to wear sandals. "Not, monks, when teachers, those like teachers, preceptors, those like preceptors, are walking without sandals, should one walk with sandals. Whoever walks (with sandals) incurs an offense of wrong-doing." (Mahavagga 248) By this saying, when teachers and the like are walking without sandals, one should not walk with sandals. Here (Mahavagga Commentary 248), the ordination teacher, the full-ordination teacher, the reliance teacher, the instruction teacher – these four are indeed teachers here. For one without rains (less than one year), a six-year monk is like a teacher. For he, during his four-year period, will reside relying on him. Thus, for a one-year monk, a seven-year monk; for a two-year monk, an eight-year monk; for a three-year monk, a nine-year monk; for a four-year monk, a ten-year monk –