English
Scratching means scratching with it when it is time to scratch because the nails are cut. Without separation means without being spread. With a calf of similar appearance means with a calf of similar appearance. If the cow is white, the calf is also white; if it is speckled or red, the calf is also like that - thus, with a calf of similar appearance. He said thus means that king said thus. Vacchatarā means a strong calf that has passed the state of being a young calf. Vacchatar The same method applies to reeds. "For a fence" means both for making an enclosure and for spreading on the sacrificial ground. 177. "In the visible here and now" means in this very existence. "Without craving" means craving is called thirst, he has none of it, therefore without craving. "Cool" because of the extinguishing of all defilements. "Become cool" because of the absence of defilements that burn within. "Experiencing happiness" means experiencing the happiness of jhāna, the path, the fruit, and nibbāna. "With a self become Brahman" means with a self become excellent. Now, to show this person from the arising of a Buddha onwards, he said, "Here, the Tathāgata," etc. There, "Tathāgata" means the Blessed One is a Tathāgata for eight reasons: because he came thus, he is a Tathāgata; because he went thus, he is a Tathāgata; because he attained the characteristic thus, he is a Tathāgata; because he awakened to the truths thus, he is a Tathāgata; because he showed thus, he is a Tathāgata; because he spoke thus, he is a Tathāgata; because he acted thus, he is a Tathāgata; because of the meaning of overcoming, he is a Tathāgata. "Arahant, perfectly enlightened," etc., are explained in detail in the Visuddhimagga. "That Dhamma" means that Dhamma with the excellence of the kind mentioned. "Whether a householder hears" why does he mention a householder first? Because of subdued pride and diligence. For generally, those who go forth from a khattiya family are proud because of their birth. Those who go forth from a brahmin family are proud because of their mantras. Those who go forth from a low-caste family are unable to establish themselves because of their inferior birth. But householders' sons, sweating from their armpits, with salt blooming on their backs, having plowed the land, are without such pride, their arrogance subdued. Having gone forth, without pride or arrogance, having learned the Buddha's word according to their ability, doing the work of insight, they are able to be established in arahantship. And those who go forth from other families are not many, but householders are many. Thus, because of subdued pride and diligence, he mentions a householder first. "In any other" means in others. In a certain family. Newly born, that is, reborn. He gains faith in the Tathāgata, that is, having heard the pure Dhamma, he gains faith in the Tathāgata, the owner of the Dhamma, thinking, "Indeed, that Blessed One is a Fully Enlightened Buddha." Thus, he reflects. The household life is cramped, that is, even if a couple lives in a sixty-cubit house or even a hundred-league area, still, their household life is cramped due to being encumbered and bound. A path of dust, that is, a place for the arising of dust, such as the dust of passion, as stated in the Great Commentary. It is also fitting to say it is a path of coming and going. The open air, due to being unattached, is like the open air. For even when a renunciate lives in a mansion, a jeweled palace, or heavenly abodes, with doors and windows well-closed and covered, he is neither attached, nor clinging, nor bound. Therefore, it is said, "Renunciation is open air." Moreover, household life is cramped due to the lack of opportunity for wholesome actions. A path of dust is like a place for the accumulation of dust, the dust of defilements, due to being a place for the accumulation of unwholesome thoughts. Renunciation is open air due to the possibility of comfortable opportunity for wholesome actions. "This is not easy...to renounce," here is the condensed explanation: This threefold training of the holy life is entirely perfect, to be practiced for even one day without breaking it, so as to reach the final moment of consciousness. And it is entirely pure, to be practiced for even one day without being stained by the dirt of defilements, so as to reach the final moment of consciousness. It should be lived like a conch shell, like a polished conch shell, like a white conch shell. This is not easy for one living in a house, dwelling in the midst of a house, to practice entirely perfectly... "What if I were to shave off my hair and beard, put on robes, dyed in the taste of astringent juice, appropriate for those leading the holy life, and going forth from home into homelessness, were to renounce?" Here, since the activities beneficial to the household, such as farming and trade, are called "household affairs," and that Because there is no going forth in the household life, therefore going forth should be known as "homelessness." That homelessness. I would go forth, would undertake. "Little" means a wealth aggregate less than a thousand, "great" starts from a thousand. The circle of relatives is called relatives because of the meaning of binding. Even that is little if less than twenty, great starting from twenty. 178. Endowed with the training and livelihood of monks, that is, the training of monks known as higher morality, and that. Where these live together, having a shared livelihood, sharing alike, and that livelihood consisting of the rules of training laid down by the Blessed One. Being endowed with training therein, one is endowed with the training and livelihood of monks by fulfilling the training and not transgressing the livelihood, thus having attained both. In "Having abandoned killing living beings," etc., the talk of killing living beings, etc., has already been extensively explained below. "Having abandoned" means having abandoned that evil conduct consisting of the intention to kill living beings. "He abstains" means from the time of abandoning, he is restrained and abstains from that evil conduct. "With laid down stick, with laid down weapon" means because he does not wield a stick or weapon for the purpose of harming others, he has laid down both stick and weapon. Here, having put aside the stick, all the remaining equipment is to be understood as "weapon" because of its nature of destroying beings. But when monks wander around carrying a razor stick, a toothpick, or a fruit knife, that is not for the purpose of harming others. Therefore, they are considered to have laid down both stick and weapon. "Shameful" means endowed with shame, which has the characteristic of abhorring evil. "Compassionate" means having attained compassion, a mind of loving-kindness. "Compassionate for the welfare of all living beings" means compassionate with welfare for all living beings. Because of that attainment of compassion, it means having a mind of welfare for all living beings. "He dwells" means he moves, he protects. He takes only what is given, he is a giver of what is given. Even in thought, he desires only what is given, he is a desirer of what is given. "Thief" means a thief. No By truth, by uprightness. By uprightness, by being perfectly pure. "Self" means by self-nature. It is said that he lives having made his self-nature perfectly pure by truth. Not-brahmacariya means ignoble conduct. One who practices the best conduct is a brahmacārī. Ārācārī means one who keeps far from not-brahmacariya. Sexual intercourse means unrighteous practices that have come to be called sexual intercourse because they are to be avoided due to being associated with passion, or because they are to be engaged in only by those who have obtained conventional usage. Gāmadhammā means the practices of village dwellers. He speaks the truth, thus he is a speaker of truth. By truth, he connects and unites truth, thus he is a truth-connector. That is, he does not speak falsehoods intermittently. For the truth of a person who sometimes speaks falsehoods and sometimes speaks the truth is not united by truth because it is interrupted by falsehood, therefore he is not a truth-connector. But this one is not like that. Even for the sake of his life, he does not speak falsehoods, but unites truth with truth, thus he is a truth-connector. Theto means steadfast, one whose speech is steadfast. For one person is not steadfast in speech, like turmeric dye, like a stake driven into a heap of chaff, or like a gourd placed on a donkey's back. Another is steadfast in speech, like a writing on stone, or like an Indra's pillar. Even if his head is cut off with a sword, he will not speak two words. This is called theto. Paccayiko means one to be trusted, trustworthy. For one person is not trustworthy. When it is said, "Who said this? So-and-so," he becomes one who should be told, "Do not believe his words." Another is trustworthy. When it is said, "Who said this? So-and-so," he becomes one who should be told, "If he said it, this is the standard, there is no need to investigate now, it is just so." This is called paccayiko. Avisaṃvādako lokassa means by that truthfulness, he does not deceive the world. For the sake of dividing these means for the sake of dividing those from whom it was heard, those who were said to have heard it from here. Or for reconciling those who are divided means for some reason or other, between two friends or those with the same teacher, etc. Having approached each one individually of those broken by strife, saying, "It is not fitting for you, born in such a family, so learned," and so forth, he makes reconciliation. Anuppadātā means one who does not produce discord. Seeing two people in harmony, saying, "This is unseemly for you, born in such a family, endowed with such qualities," and so forth, he strengthens the bond, is the meaning. Samaggārāmo means one whose monastery is harmonious.