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(4) The Root-of-Roots Method 71. (a) All phenomena whatsoever that are unwholesome, are they all rooted in the root of unwholesome roots? Unwholesome without roots is not rooted in the root of unwholesome roots. Unwholesome with roots is rooted in the root of unwholesome roots. (b) Or again, all phenomena whatsoever that are rooted in the root of unwholesome roots, are they all unwholesome? Matter arisen from unwholesome roots is rooted in the root of unwholesome roots, but is not unwholesome. Unwholesome is both rooted in the root of unwholesome roots and is unwholesome. 72. (a) All phenomena whatsoever that are unwholesome, are they all rooted in one root of unwholesome roots? Unwholesome without roots is not rooted in one root of unwholesome roots. Unwholesome with roots is rooted in one root of unwholesome roots. (b) Or again, all phenomena whatsoever that are rooted in one root of unwholesome roots, are they all unwholesome? Matter arisen from unwholesome roots is rooted in one root of unwholesome roots, but is not unwholesome. Unwholesome is both rooted in one root of unwholesome roots and is unwholesome. 73. (a) All phenomena whatsoever that are rooted in one root of unwholesome roots, are they all mutually rooted in the unwholesome root... Are they rooted? The roots which arise together, unwholesome roots, are rooted in one root and rooted in mutual roots. The remaining phenomena co-arisen with unwholesome roots, are rooted in one root by the unwholesome root, but not rooted in mutual roots. (B) Or again, those which are rooted in mutual roots by the unwholesome root, are all those phenomena unwholesome? Yes. 3. Undetermined phenomena (1) Root method 74. (A) Whatever undetermined phenomena there are, are all of them undetermined roots? There are only three undetermined roots. The remaining undetermined phenomena are not undetermined roots. (B) Or again, those which are undetermined roots, are all of them undetermined phenomena? Yes. 75. (A) Whatever undetermined phenomena there are, are all of them one-rooted by the undetermined root? Rootless undetermined is not one-rooted by the undetermined root. Rooted undetermined is one-rooted by the undetermined root. (B) Or again, those which are one-rooted by the undetermined root, are all of them undetermined phenomena? Yes. 76. (A) Whatever phenomena are one-rooted by the undetermined root, are all of them mutually-rooted by the undetermined root? The roots which arise together, undetermined roots, are one-rooted and mutually-rooted. The remaining phenomena co-arisen with undetermined roots, are one-rooted by the undetermined root, but not mutually-rooted. (B) Or again, those which are mutually-rooted by the undetermined root, are all of them undetermined phenomena? Yes. (2) Root-of-roots method 77. (A) Whatever undetermined phenomena there are, are all of them roots of undetermined roots? There are only three roots of undetermined roots. The remaining undetermined phenomena are not roots of undetermined roots. (B) Or again, those which are roots of undetermined roots, are all of them undetermined phenomena? Yes. 78. (A) Whatever undetermined phenomena there are, are all of them rooted in one root by the undetermined root? Rootless undetermined is not rooted in one root by the undetermined root. Rooted undetermined is rooted in one root by the undetermined root. (B) Or again, those which are rooted in one root by the undetermined root, are all of them undetermined phenomena? Yes. 79. (A) Whatever by the undetermined root Are all root-rooted phenomena, mutually root-rooted by the unclassified root? Unclassified roots which arise together are both single-root-rooted and mutually root-rooted. The remaining phenomena co-arisen with unclassified roots are single-root-rooted by the unclassified root, but not mutually root-rooted. (Kha) Or again, those which are mutually root-rooted by the unclassified root, are all those phenomena unclassified? Yes. (3) The Root Method 80. (Ka) Whatever phenomena are unclassified, are all of them rooted by the unclassified root? The rootless unclassified (phenomenon) is not rooted by the unclassified root. The rooted unclassified (phenomenon) is rooted by the unclassified root. (Kha) Or again, those which are rooted by the unclassified root, are all those phenomena unclassified? Yes. 81. (Ka) Whatever phenomena are unclassified, are all of them single-rooted by the unclassified root? The rootless unclassified (phenomenon) is not single-rooted by the unclassified root. The rooted unclassified (phenomenon) is single-rooted by the unclassified root. (Kha) Or again, those which are single-rooted by the unclassified root, are all those phenomena unclassified? Yes. 82. (Ka) Whatever phenomena are single-rooted by the unclassified root, are all of them mutually rooted by the unclassified root? Unclassified roots which arise together are both single-rooted and mutually rooted. The remaining phenomena co-arisen with unclassified roots are single-rooted by the unclassified root, but not mutually rooted. (Kha) Or again, those which are mutually rooted by the unclassified root, are all those phenomena unclassified? Yes. (4) The Root-Rooted Method 83. (Ka) Whatever phenomena are unclassified, are all of them rooted by an unclassified root? The rootless unclassified (phenomenon) is not rooted by an unclassified root. The rooted unclassified (phenomenon) is rooted by an unclassified root. (Kha) Or again, those which are rooted by an unclassified root, are all those phenomena unclassified? Yes. 84. (Ka) Whatever phenomena are unclassified, are all of them single-root-rooted by the unclassified root? The rootless unclassified (phenomenon) is not single-root-rooted by the unclassified root. The rooted unclassified (phenomenon) is single-root-rooted by the unclassified root. (Kha) Or again, those which are unclassified-root... by the undetermined root having one root, are all those phenomena undetermined? Yes. 85. (Ka) Whatever phenomena are having one root by the undetermined root, are all of them having one another as root by the undetermined root? The roots that arise together, undetermined roots, are having one root and having one another as root. The remaining phenomena co-arisen with undetermined roots are having one root by the undetermined root, but not having one another as root. (Kha) Or whatever are having one another as root by the undetermined root, are all those phenomena undetermined? Yes. 4. Mental phenomena (1) Root method 86. (Ka) Whatever mental phenomena, are all of them mental roots? Only nine are mental roots. The remaining mental phenomena are not mental roots. (Kha) Or whatever are mental roots, are all those phenomena mental? Yes. 87. (Ka) Whatever mental phenomena, are all of them having one root by a mental root? Rootless mental phenomena are not having one root by a mental root. Rooted mental phenomena are having one root by a mental root. (Kha) Or whatever are having one root by a mental root, are all those phenomena mental? Material phenomena arisen from mental phenomena are having one root by a mental root, but are not mental phenomena. Mental phenomena are having one root by a mental root and are mental phenomena. 88. (Ka) Whatever phenomena are having one root by a mental root, are all of them having one another as root by a mental root? The roots that arise together, mental roots, are having one root and having one another as root. The remaining phenomena co-arisen with mental roots are having one root by a mental root, but not having one another as root. (Kha) Or whatever are having one another as root by a mental root, are all those phenomena mental? Yes. (2) Root-of-root method 89. (Ka) Whatever mental phenomena, are all of them mental root-roots? Only nine are mental root-roots. The remaining mental phenomena are not mental root-roots. (Kha) Or whatever are mental root-roots, are all those phenomena mental? Yes. 90. (Ka) Whatever mental phenomena, are all of them having one root-root by a mental root? Rootless mental phenomena are not having one root-root by a mental root. Rooted mental phenomena are having one root-root by a mental root. (Kha) Or whatever p Are all phenomena that have one root as the root of name, all of them name? Form arisen from name has one root as the root of name, not name. Name has one root as the root of name and is also name. 91. (Ka) Whatever phenomena have one root as the root of name, do all of them have mutual roots as the root of name? Roots that arise together with name-roots have one root as the root and also have mutual roots as the root. The remaining phenomena co-arisen with name-roots have one root as the root of name, but do not have mutual roots as the root. (Kha) Or again, whatever have mutual roots as the root of name, are all those phenomena name? Yes. (3) The Root Method 92. (Ka) Whatever phenomena are name, are all of them rooted in name? Rootless name is not rooted in name. Rooted name is rooted in name. (Kha) Or again, whatever are rooted in name, are all those phenomena name? Form arisen from name is rooted in name, not name. Name is rooted in name and is also name. 93. (Ka) Whatever phenomena are name, do all of them have one root as the root of name? Rootless name does not have one root as the root of name. Rooted name has one root as the root of name. (Kha) Or again, whatever have one root as the root of name, are all those phenomena name? Form arisen from name has one root as the root of name, not name. Name has one root as the root of name and is also name. 94. (Ka) Whatever phenomena have one root as the root of name, do all of them have mutual roots as the root of name? Roots that arise together with name-roots have one root and also have mutual roots. The remaining phenomena co-arisen with name-roots have one root as the root of name, but do not have mutual roots.