English
And what kind of person is one who is a seven-times-at-most? Here, a certain person, with the destruction of three fetters, is a stream-enterer, not subject to falling, certain, bound for full enlightenment. He, having wandered and transmigrated among devas and humans seven times at most, makes an end of suffering – this person is called "one who is a seven-times-at-most." 32. And what kind of person is a family-to-family one? Here, a certain person, with the destruction of three fetters, is a stream-enterer, not subject to falling, certain, bound for full enlightenment. He, having wandered and transmigrated through two or three families, makes an end of suffering – this person is called "a family-to- 33. And what kind of person is a one-seeded one? Here, a certain person, by the destruction of three fetters, becomes a stream-enterer, not subject to falling, assured, bound for enlightenment. Having brought forth only one human existence, he makes an end of suffering. This person is called a 'one-seeded one'. 34. And what kind of person is a once-returner? Here, a certain person, by the destruction of three fetters, and by the attenuation of lust, hatred, and delusion, becomes a once-returner. Having come to this world only once more, he makes an end of suffering. This person is called a 'once-returner'. 35. And what kind of person is a non-returner? Here, a certain person, by the destruction of the five lower fetters, arises spontaneously, and there attains final Nibbāna, not liable to return from that world. This person is called a 'non-returner'. 36. And what kind of person is one who attains Nibbāna in the interval? Here, a certain person, by the destruction of the five lower fetters, arises spontaneously, and there attains final Nibbāna, not liable to return from that world. Having arisen, either immediately or before reaching the midpoint of his lifespan, he generates the noble path for the abandonment of the higher fetters. This person is called one who 'attains Nibbāna in the interval'. 37. And what kind of person is one who attains Nibbāna with exertion? Here, a certain person, by the destruction of the five lower fetters, arises spontaneously, and there attains final Nibbāna, not liable to return from that world. Having passed the midpoint of his lifespan, or having approached the time of death, he generates the noble path for the abandonment of the higher fetters. This person is called one who 'attains Nibbāna with exertion'. 38. And what kind of person is one who attains Nibbāna without exertion? Here, a certain person, by the destruction of the five lower fetters, arises spontaneously, and there attains final Nibbāna, not liable to return from that world. He generates the noble path without exertion for the abandonment of the higher fetters. This is the person called "one who attains Nibbāna without exertion." 39. And what person is "one who attains Nibbāna with exertion"? Here, a certain person, with the destruction of the five lower fetters, is reborn spontaneously, and there attains Nibbāna, not returning from that world. He, with exertion, generates the noble path for the abandonment of the higher fetters – this person is called "one who attains Nibbāna with exertion." 40. And what person is "one who goes upstream to the Akaniṭṭha realm"? Here, a certain person, with the destruction of the five lower fetters, is reborn spontaneously, and there attains Nibbāna, not returning from that world. He, having fallen from Aviha, goes to Atappa; having fallen from Atappa, goes to Sudassa; having fallen from Sudassa, goes to Sudassī; having fallen from Sudassī, goes to Akaniṭṭha; in Akaniṭṭha, he generates the noble path for the abandonment of the higher fetters – this person is called "one who goes upstream to the Akaniṭṭha realm." 41. And what person is "one who has entered the stream, practicing for the realization of the fruit of stream-entry"? A person practicing for the abandonment of the three fetters is one practicing for the realization of the fruit of stream-entry. The person whose three fetters are abandoned – this person is called "one who has entered the stream." 42. A person practicing for the attenuation of sensual desire and ill-will is one practicing for the realization of the fruit of once-returning. The person whose sensual desire and ill-will are attenuated – this person is called "one who once returns." 43. A person practicing for the complete abandonment of sensual desire and ill-will is one practicing for the realization of the fruit of non-returning. The person whose sensual desire and ill-will are completely abandoned – this person is called "one who does not return." 44. A person practicing for the complete abandonment of desire for form, desire for formless, conceit, restlessness, and ignorance is one practicing for the realization of the fruit of arahantship. The person whose desire for form, desire for formless, conceit, restlessness, and ignorance are completely abandoned – this person is called "an Arahant." Arahant. Description of the Single. 2. Designation of Persons in Pairs 45. And what kind of person is wrathful? Therein, what is wrath? That which is wrath: being angry, the state of being angry; malice, being malicious, the state of being malicious; ill-will, being ill-willed, the state of being ill-willed; enmity, hostility, fierceness, fury, displeasure of mind— this is called wrath. Of which person this wrath is not abandoned— that person is called "wrathful". 46. And what kind of person is resentful? Therein, what is resentment? Wrath at an earlier time, resentment at a later time. That kind of resentment: binding, the state of being bound; holding fast, establishing, firmly establishing; connecting, maintaining connection; strengthening of wrath— this is called resentment. Of which person this resentment is not abandoned— that person is called "resentful". 47. And what kind of person is contemptuous? Therein, what is contempt? That which is contempt: disparaging, the state of disparaging; scorn, act of scorn— this is called contempt. Of which person this contempt is not abandoned— that person is called "contemptuous". 48. And what kind of person is envious? Therein, what is envy? That which is envy: being envious, the state of being envious; feeding on envy, ground for dispute, taking sides, not giving up— this is called envy. Of which person this envy is not abandoned— that person is called "envious". 49. And what kind of person is jealous? Therein, what is jealousy? That jealousy regarding others' gains, honors, respect, veneration, and worship: being jealous, the state of being jealous; envy, being envious, the state of being envious— this is called jealousy. Of which person this jealousy is not abandoned— that person is called "jealous". 50. And what kind of person is stingy? Therein, what is stinginess? Five kinds of stinginess. – Stinginess regarding dwelling, stinginess regarding family, stinginess regarding gain, stinginess regarding praise, stinginess regarding Dhamma. Whatever such stinginess, being stingy, the state of being stingy, envy, miserliness, harshness, the mind's not grasping – this is called stinginess. The person whose stinginess is not abandoned – this person is called "stingy." 51. And what kind of person is deceitful? What is deceitfulness there? Here, some person is deceitful, very deceitful. Whatever there is deceit, deceitfulness, the state of being deceitful, harshness, rigidity, the state of being covered up, the state of being covered up – this is called deceitfulness. The person whose deceitfulness is not abandoned – this person is called "deceitful." 52. And what kind of person is a dissembler? What is dissimulation there? Here, some person, having committed misconduct by body, having committed misconduct by speech, having committed misconduct by mind, for the sake of covering it up, forms an evil wish: "May they not know me," he wishes, "May they not know me," he resolves, "May they not know me," he speaks, "May they not know me," he strives with his body. Whatever such dissimulation, the state of being a dissembler, excessive eagerness, deception, fraud, scattering, avoidance, concealment, thorough concealment, covering, covering up, not making manifest, not making clear, obscuring, evil action – this is called dissimulation. The person whose dissimulation is not abandoned – this person is called "a dissembler." 53. And what kind of person is shameless? What is shamelessness there? That which does not feel shame where shame should be felt, does not feel shame at the committing of evil, unwholesome states – this is called shamelessness. The person endowed with this shamelessness is called "shameless." 54. And what kind of person is fearless of wrongdoing? What is fearlessness of wrongdoing there? That which does not feel dread where dread should be felt, does not feel dread at the committing of evil, unwholesome states – this is called excessive shamelessness. A person endowed with this shamelessness is "shameless". 55. And what kind of person is difficult to admonish? Therein, what is difficulty in admonition? When spoken to by those in accordance with the Dhamma, this difficulty in admonition, this being difficult to admonish, this state of being difficult to admonish, taking things contrarily, being habitually contrary, disrespect, state of disrespect, lack of reverence, lack of deference – this is called difficulty in admonition. A person endowed with this difficulty in admonition is "difficult to admonish". 56. And what kind of person is a bad friend? Therein, what is bad friendship? Those persons who are faithless, immoral, unlearned, stingy, unwise, their association, frequent association, close association, companionship, close companionship, devotion, close devotion, being intertwined – this is called bad friendship. A person endowed with this bad friendship is "a bad friend". 57.