English
In how many ways does adherence arise from wrong view? In how many ways does adherence arise from identity view? In how many ways does adherence arise from the eternalist view based on identity? In how many ways does adherence arise from the annihilationist view based on identity? In how many ways does adherence arise from the view of grasping at extremes? In how many ways does adherence arise from the underlying tendency to view past ends? In how many ways does adherence arise from the underlying tendency to view future ends? In how many ways does adherence arise from the view that is a fetter? In how many ways does adherence arise from the view bound by the conceit "I am"? In how many ways does adherence arise from the view bound by the conceit "mine"? From the view connected with self-doctrine By how many modes is there adherence to views? By how many modes is there adherence to views connected with worldly talk? By how many modes is there adherence to the view of existence? By how many modes is there adherence to the view of non-existence? There is adherence to the view of gratification in thirty-five modes. There is adherence to the view of self in twenty modes. There is adherence to wrong view in ten modes. There is adherence to the view of a real body in twenty modes. There is adherence to the eternalist view based on a real body in fifteen modes. There is adherence to the annihilationist view based on a real body in five modes. There is adherence to the extreme-grasping view in fifty modes. There is adherence to the view of the past in eighteen modes. There is adherence to the view of the future in forty-four modes. There is adherence to the view that binds in eighteen modes. There is adherence to the view that binds with the conceit "I am" in eighteen modes. There is adherence to the view that binds with the conceit "mine" in eighteen modes. There is adherence to the view connected with the doctrine of self in twenty modes. There is adherence to the view connected with worldly talk in eight modes. There is adherence to the view of existence in one mode. There is adherence to the view of non-existence in one mode. 1. Exposition of the View of Gratification 128. By which thirty-five modes is there adherence to the view of gratification? That pleasure and joy which arises dependent on form, this is the gratification of form – this is the view, the clinging, the grasping. View is not gratification, gratification is not view. View is one thing, gratification is another. That which is view and that which is gratification – this is called the view of gratification. The view of gratification is wrong view, a perversion of view. A person endowed with that perversion of view is perverted in view. A person perverted in view should not be associated with, should not be b should be avoided, not associated with. For what reason? Because his view is evil. That lust which is view, that is not view. View is not lust. View is one thing, lust is another. That which is view and that which is lust— this is called view-lust. A person endowed with that view and that lust is infatuated with view-lust. A gift given to a person infatuated with view-lust is not of great fruit, not of great benefit. For what reason? Because his view is evil, a view of enjoyment, a wrong view. For a person with wrong view, there are only two destinations: hell or the animal realm. For a person with wrong view, whatever bodily action is fully undertaken according to his view, whatever verbal action… whatever mental action is fully undertaken according to his view, whatever intention, whatever aspiration, whatever resolve, whatever volitional formations, all those things lead to what is undesirable, unpleasant, disagreeable, unprofitable, and suffering. For what reason? Because his view is evil. Just as a neem seed, or a bitter gourd seed, or a bitter calabash seed, when placed in moist earth, whatever earth-essence it absorbs, and whatever water-essence it absorbs, all that leads to bitterness, to acridness, to unpleasantness. For what reason? Because its seed is evil. Even so, for a person with wrong view, whatever bodily action is fully undertaken according to his view, whatever verbal action… whatever mental action is fully undertaken according to his view, whatever intention, whatever aspiration, whatever resolve, whatever volitional formations, all those things lead to what is undesirable, unpleasant, disagreeable, unprofitable, and suffering. For what reason? Because his view is evil, a view of enjoyment, a wrong view. Wrong view is a fixed view, a thicket of views, a wilderness of views, a distortion of views, a vacillation of views, a fetter of views, a dart of views, a hindrance of views, Obstruction by desire, Bondage of views, Precipice of views, Underlying tendency of views, Torment of views, Fever of views, Knot of views, Clinging to views, Adherence to views, Grasping at views – The entanglement of a mind beset by these eighteen aspects. 129. There are fetters and views, there are fetters but not views. Which are fetters and views? Self-view, grasping at rules and observances – these are fetters and views. Which are fetters, but not views? Fetter of sensual desire, fetter of aversion, fetter of conceit, fetter of doubt, fetter of desire for existence, fetter of envy, fetter of stinginess, fetter of attachment, fetter of ignorance – these are fetters, but not views. Dependent on feeling...etc... Dependent on perception...etc... Dependent on formations...etc... Dependent on consciousness... Dependent on the eye... Dependent on the ear... Dependent on the nose... Dependent on the tongue... Dependent on the body... Dependent on the mind... Dependent on forms... Dependent on sounds... Dependent on odors... Dependent on tastes... Dependent on tangibles... Dependent on mental phenomena... Dependent on eye-consciousness... Dependent on ear-consciousness... Dependent on nose-consciousness... Dependent on tongue-consciousness... Dependent on body-consciousness... Dependent on mind-consciousness... Dependent on eye-contact... Dependent on ear-contact... Dependent on nose-contact... Dependent on tongue-contact... Dependent on body-contact... Dependent on mind-contact... Dependent on feeling born of eye-contact... Dependent on feeling born of ear-contact... Dependent on feeling born of nose-contact... Dependent on feeling born of tongue-contact... Dependent on feeling born of body-contact... Dependent on feeling born of mind-contact... arises pleasure That joy, this is the gratification of feeling born of mind-contact – clinging and grasping is view. View is not gratification, gratification is not view. Different is view, different is gratification. That which is view, and that which is gratification – this is called the view of gratification. The view of gratification is wrong view, a perversion of view. A person endowed with that perversion of view is perverted in view. A person perverted in view should not be associated with, should not be frequented, should not be served. For what reason? For his view is evil. That which is lust for view, that is not view. View is not lust. Different is view, different is lust. That which is view, and that which is lust – this is called lust for view. A person endowed with that view and that lust is stained by lust for view. A gift given to a person stained by lust for view is not of great fruit, not of great benefit. For what reason? For his view is evil, the view of gratification, wrong view. For a person, a man, of wrong view, there are only two destinations – hell or the animal realm. For a person, a man, of wrong view, whatever bodily action, fully undertaken in accordance with his view, and whatever verbal action, fully undertaken in accordance with his view, and whatever mental action, fully undertaken in accordance with his view, and whatever volition, whatever aspiration, whatever resolve, whatever formations, all those things lead to what is undesirable, unlovely, unpleasant, unbeneficial, to suffering. For what reason? For his view is evil. Just as a neem seed, or a bitter gourd seed, or a bitter calabash seed, placed in moist earth, whatever essence of earth it takes up, and whatever essence of water it takes up, all that leads to bitterness, to acridness, to unpleasantness. For what reason? For its seed is evil. Even so, for a person, a man, of wrong view, whatever bodily action, fully undertaken in accordance with his view, and whatever verbal action, fully undertaken in accordance with his view, and whatever mental action, fully undertaken in accordance with his view, and whatever volition, whatever aspiration, whatever resolve, whatever formations, Formations, all those things lead to what is undesirable, unlovely, unpleasant, harmful, and suffering. What is the reason for that? For his view is evil, a view of gratification, a wrong view. Wrong view, a view-position, a view-thicket, ... clinging to views, grasping at views – a fetter for one whose mind is obsessed by these eighteen aspects. There are fetters that are also views, and there are fetters that are not views. Which are the fetters that are also views? Personality view, grasping at rites and rituals – these are the fetters that are also views. Which are the fetters that are not views? The fetter of sensual desire, the fetter of ill-will, the fetter of conceit, the fetter of doubt, the fetter of craving for existence, the fetter of envy, the fetter of avarice, the fetter of agreement, the fetter of ignorance – these are the fetters that are not views. By the view of gratification, there is clinging in these thirty-five aspects. The first exposition on the view of gratification. 2. Exposition on the view of self. 130. By the view of self, in which twenty aspects is there clinging? Here, an uninstructed ordinary person, not seeing noble ones, unskilled in the Dhamma of the noble ones,