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having looked on the ongoing with equanimity, having adverted to cessation, Nibbāna, the signless, he enters – the signless abiding attainment. Seeing aspiration as fearful, due to being intent on the unaimed, repeatedly touching, he sees dissolution, having looked on the ongoing with equanimity, having adverted to cessation, Nibbāna, the unaimed, he enters – the unaimed abiding attainment. Seeing attachment as fearful, due to being intent on emptiness, repeatedly touching, he sees dissolution, having looked on the ongoing with equanimity, having adverted to cessation, Nibbāna, emptiness, he enters – the empty abiding attainment. 79. Seeing the sign of form as fearful, due to being intent on the signless, repeatedly touching, he sees dissolution – a signless abiding. Seeing the aspiration for form as fearful, due to being intent on the unaimed, repeatedly touching, he sees dissolution – an unaimed abiding. Seeing attachment to form as fearful, due to being intent on emptiness, repeatedly touching, he sees dissolution – an empty abiding. Seeing the sign of form as fearful, due to being intent on the signless, having looked on the ongoing with equanimity, having adverted to cessation, Nibbāna, the signless, he enters – the signless attainment. Seeing the aspiration for form as fearful, due to being intent on the unaimed, the ongoing... Having disregarded the ongoing process, having adverted to cessation, Nibbana, the undirected, he attains it – this is undirected attainment. Seeing attachment to form as fearful, due to being inclined to emptiness, having disregarded the ongoing process, having adverted to cessation, Nibbana, emptiness, he attains it – this is emptiness attainment. Seeing the sign of form as fearful, due to being inclined to the signless, repeatedly experiencing dissolution, having disregarded the ongoing process, having adverted to cessation, Nibbana, the signless, he attains it – this is signless abiding attainment. Seeing the aspiration for form as fearful, due to being inclined to the undirected, repeatedly experiencing dissolution, having disregarded the ongoing process, having adverted to cessation, Nibbana, the undirected, he attains it – this is undirected abiding attainment. Seeing attachment to form as fearful, due to being inclined to emptiness, repeatedly experiencing dissolution, having disregarded the ongoing process, having adverted to cessation, Nibbana, emptiness, he attains it – this is emptiness abiding attainment. Seeing the sign of feeling... and so on... the sign of old age and death as fearful, due to being inclined to the signless, repeatedly experiencing dissolution – this is signless abiding. Seeing the aspiration for old age and death as fearful, due to being inclined to the undirected, repeatedly experiencing dissolution – this is undirected abiding. Seeing attachment to old age and death as fearful, due to being inclined to emptiness, repeatedly experiencing dissolution – this is emptiness abiding. Seeing the sign of old age and death as fearful, due to being inclined to the signless, having disregarded the ongoing process, having adverted to cessation, Nibbana, the signless, he attains it – this is signless attainment. Seeing the aspiration for old age and death as fearful, due to being inclined to the undirected, having disregarded the ongoing process, having adverted to cessation, Nibbana, the undirected, he attains it – this is undirected attainment. Seeing attachment to old age and death as fearful, due to being inclined to emptiness... Being devoted, having disregarded the ongoing process, having adverted to cessation, Nibbāna, emptiness, one enters into attainment – the attainment of emptiness. Seeing thoroughly the sign of old age and death as fearful, being devoted to the signless, repeatedly touching, repeatedly seeing dissolution, having disregarded the ongoing process, having adverted to cessation, Nibbāna, the signless, one enters into attainment – the attainment of signless abiding. Seeing thoroughly the aspiration for old age and death as fearful, being devoted to the desireless, repeatedly touching, repeatedly seeing dissolution, having disregarded the ongoing process, having adverted to cessation, Nibbāna, the desireless, one enters into attainment – the attainment of desireless abiding. Seeing thoroughly the clinging to old age and death as fearful, being devoted to emptiness, repeatedly touching, repeatedly seeing dissolution, having disregarded the ongoing process, having adverted to cessation, Nibbāna, emptiness, one enters into attainment – the attainment of empty abiding. Different is the signless abiding, different is the desireless abiding, different is the empty abiding. Different is the signless attainment, different is the desireless attainment, different is the empty attainment. Different is the signless abiding attainment, different is the desireless abiding attainment, different is the empty abiding attainment. That is knowledge in the sense of knowing, wisdom in the sense of understanding thoroughly. Therefore it is said: "Wisdom in the diversity of abidings is knowledge in the state of abiding, wisdom in the diversity of attainments is knowledge in the state of attainment, wisdom in the diversity of abiding attainments is knowledge in the state of abiding attainment." The thirty-first is the exposition of the three knowledges. 32. The exposition of knowledge concerning immediate concentration 80. How is wisdom in the eradication of defilements, due to the purity of non-distraction, knowledge in immediate concentration? The one-pointedness of mind by way of renunciation, non-distraction, is concentration. By way of that concentration, knowledge arises. By that knowledge, the defilements are exhausted. Thus, first tranquility, afterwards knowledge. By that knowledge, there is the exhaustion of defilements. Therefore it is said: "Wisdom in the eradication of defilements, due to the purity of non-distraction, is knowledge in immediate concentration." What are defilements? Which are those defilements? The defilement of sensual desire, the defilement of existence... Defilement of sensual desire, defilement of becoming, defilement of views, defilement of ignorance. Where do these defilements cease? By the path of stream-entry, the defilement of views ceases without remainder, the defilement of sensual desire leading to lower realms ceases, the defilement of becoming leading to lower realms ceases, the defilement of ignorance leading to lower realms ceases. Here these defilements cease. By the path of once-returning, the gross defilement of sensual desire ceases, the corresponding defilement of becoming ceases, the corresponding defilement of ignorance ceases. Here these defilements cease. By the path of non-returning, the defilement of sensual desire ceases without remainder, the corresponding defilement of becoming ceases, the corresponding defilement of ignorance ceases. Here these defilements cease. By the path of arahantship, the defilement of becoming ceases without remainder, the defilement of ignorance ceases without remainder. Here these defilements cease. By way of non-ill-will... and so on... By way of the perception of light... By way of non-distraction... By way of the determination of phenomena... By way of knowledge... By way of joy... By way of the first jhana... By way of the second jhana... By way of the third jhana... By way of the fourth jhana... By way of the attainment of the base of infinite space... By way of the attainment of the base of infinite consciousness... By way of the attainment of the base of nothingness... By way of the attainment of the base of neither perception nor non-perception... By way of the earth kasina... By way of the water kasina... By way of the fire kasina... By way of the wind kasina... By way of the blue kasina... By way of the yellow kasina... By way of the red kasina... By way of the white kasina... By way of the space kasina... By way of the consciousness kasina... By way of recollection of the Buddha... By way of recollection of the Dhamma... By way of recollection of the Sangha... By way of recollection of morality... By way of recollection of generosity... By way of recollection of devas... By way of mindfulness of breathing... By way of mindfulness of death... By way of mindfulness of the body... By way of recollection of peace... By way of the perception of a bloated corpse... By way of the perception of a discolored corpse... By way of the perception of a festering corpse... By way of the perception of a cut-up corpse... By way of the perception of a gnawed corpse... By way of the perception of a dismembered corpse... By way of the perception of a hacked and scattered corpse... By way of the perception of a bloody corpse... By way of the perception of a worm-infested corpse... By way of the perception of bones. 81. By way of long in-breathing... and so on... By way of long out-breathing... By way of short in-breathing. a… breathing in long… breathing out long… experiencing the whole body, breathing in… experiencing the whole body, breathing out… calming the bodily formation, breathing in… calming the bodily formation, breathing out… experiencing rapture, breathing in… experiencing rapture, breathing out… experiencing pleasure, breathing in… experiencing pleasure, breathing out… experiencing the mental formation, breathing in… experiencing the mental formation, breathing out… calming the mental formation, breathing in… calming the mental formation, breathing out… experiencing the mind, breathing in… experiencing the mind, breathing out… gladdening the mind, breathing in… gladdening the mind, breathing out… concentrating the mind… liberating the mind… contemplating impermanence… contemplating dispassion… contemplating cessation… contemplating relinquishment, breathing in… contemplating relinquishment, breathing out…