English
Consciousness is the condition, name-and-form is conditioned by it. Name-and-form is the condition, the six sense bases are conditioned by it. The six sense bases are the condition, contact is conditioned by them. Contact is the condition, feeling is conditioned by it. Feeling is the condition, craving is conditioned by it. Craving is the condition, clinging is conditioned by it. Clinging is the condition, becoming... ...arisen from condition... becoming is the condition, birth is arisen from condition... birth is the condition, aging-and-death is arisen from condition. Both these phenomena are arisen from condition – wisdom in grasping conditions is knowledge of the stability of phenomena. In the past time... in the future time birth is the condition, aging-and-death is arisen from condition. Both these phenomena are arisen from condition – wisdom in grasping conditions is knowledge of the stability of phenomena. 47. In the past kamma-becoming, delusion is ignorance, exertion is volitional formations, longing is craving, clinging is clinging, volition is becoming. These five phenomena in the past kamma-becoming are conditions for rebirth here. Rebirth here is consciousness, descent is mind-and-matter, clarity is sense-base, contact is contact, feeling is feeling. These five phenomena in this rebirth-becoming are conditions for kamma done previously. Here, due to the ripening of the sense-bases, delusion is ignorance, exertion is volitional formations, longing is craving, clinging is clinging, volition is becoming. These five phenomena in this kamma-becoming are conditions for future rebirth. Future rebirth is consciousness, descent is mind-and-matter, clarity is sense-base, contact is contact, feeling is feeling. These five phenomena in future rebirth-becoming are conditions for kamma done here. Thus, in these four summaries, three periods, three connections, and twenty aspects, one knows, sees, understands, and penetrates dependent origination. That, by way of knowing, is knowledge; by way of understanding, is wisdom. Therefore it is said – "wisdom in grasping conditions is knowledge of the stability of phenomena." The fourth exposition of the knowledge of the stability of phenomena. 5. Exposition of the knowledge of comprehension 48. How is wisdom in the comprehension of phenomena, past, future, and present, by way of summarizing and determining, knowledge in comprehension? Whatever form, past, future, or present, internal or external, gross or subtle, inferior or superior, that which is far or near, all form is determined as impermanent – one comprehension, is determined as suffering – one... A contemplation, one contemplation establishes it as not-self. Whatever feeling... (and so on) whatever perception... whatever formations... whatever consciousness, past, future, present, internal or external, gross or subtle, inferior or superior, far or near, all consciousness one contemplation establishes as impermanent, one contemplation establishes as suffering, one contemplation establishes as not-self. The eye... (and so on) old age and death, past, future, present, one contemplation establishes as impermanent, one contemplation establishes as suffering, one contemplation establishes as not-self. Form, past, future, present, is impermanent by way of destruction, suffering by way of fear, not-self by way of being without essence. Having summarized and established this, wisdom in contemplation is knowledge. Feeling... (and so on) perception... (and so on) formations... (and so on) consciousness... (and so on) the eye... (and so on) old age and death, past, future, present, is impermanent by way of destruction, suffering by way of fear, not-self by way of being without essence. Having summarized and established this, wisdom in contemplation is knowledge. Form, past, future, present, is impermanent, conditioned, dependently arisen, subject to destruction, subject to vanishing, subject to dispassion, subject to cessation. Having summarized and established this, wisdom in contemplation is knowledge. Feeling... (and so on) perception... formations... consciousness... the eye... (and so on) old age and death, past, future, present, is impermanent, conditioned, dependently arisen, subject to destruction, subject to vanishing, subject to dispassion, subject to cessation. Having summarized and established this, wisdom in contemplation is knowledge. With birth as condition, old age and death (arise); when birth is absent, old age and death are not. Having summarized and established this, wisdom in contemplation is knowledge. Also in the past time... also in the future time, with birth as condition, old age and death (arise); when birth is absent, old age and death are not. Having summarized and established this, wisdom in contemplation is knowledge. With becoming as condition, birth (arises); when becoming is absent... (and so on) With clinging as condition, becoming (arises); when clinging is absent... (and so on) With craving as condition, clinging (arises); a... when there is… (and so on)… feeling conditions craving; when there is not… (and so on)… contact conditions feeling; when there is not… (and so on)… six sense bases condition contact; when there is not… (and so on)… name-and-form conditions six sense bases; when there is not… (and so on)… consciousness conditions name-and-form; when there is not… (and so on)… volitional formations condition consciousness; when there is not… (and so on)… ignorance conditions volitional formations; when there is no ignorance, there are no volitional formations – thus, in brief, wisdom in discerning, knowledge in comprehending. Even in the past… even in the future, ignorance conditions volitional formations; when there is no ignorance, there are no volitional formations – thus, in brief, wisdom in discerning, knowledge in comprehending. That is knowledge by way of knowing, wisdom by way of understanding. Therefore it is said – "wisdom in discerning, knowledge in comprehending, the past, future, and present phenomena in brief". The fifth is the exposition of the knowledge of comprehension. 6. Exposition of the knowledge of rise and fall 49. How is wisdom in observing the change, knowledge in observing the rise and fall, of present phenomena? Born form is present; its characteristic of arising is the rise, its characteristic of changing is the fall, the observation is knowledge. Born feeling… (and so on)… born perception… born volitional formations… born consciousness… born eye… (and so on)… born existence is present; its characteristic of arising is the rise, its characteristic of changing is the fall, the observation is knowledge. 50. Observing the rise of the five aggregates, how many characteristics does one see? Observing the fall, how many characteristics does one see? Observing the rise and fall, how many characteristics does one see? Observing the rise of the five aggregates, one sees twenty-five characteristics; observing the fall, one sees twenty-five characteristics; observing the rise and fall, one sees fifty characteristics. Observing the rise of the form aggregate, how many characteristics does one see? Observing the fall, how many characteristics does one see? Observing the rise and fall, how many characteristics does one see? Observing the rise of the feeling aggregate… (and so on)… the perception aggregate… (and so on)… the volitional formations aggregate… (and so on)… the consciousness aggregate, how many… When seeing arising, how many characteristics does one see? When seeing passing away, how many characteristics does one see? When seeing both arising and passing away, how many characteristics does one see? When seeing the arising of the form aggregate, one sees five characteristics. When seeing the passing away, one sees five characteristics. When seeing both arising and passing away, one sees ten characteristics. For the feeling aggregate... and so on... For the perception aggregate... For the volitional formations aggregate... For the consciousness aggregate, When seeing the arising, one sees five characteristics. When seeing the passing away, one sees five characteristics. When seeing both arising and passing away, one sees ten characteristics. When seeing the arising of the form aggregate, which five characteristics does one see? "From the arising of ignorance, there is the arising of form" – in the sense of the arising of a condition, one sees the arising of the form aggregate. "From the arising of craving, there is the arising of form" – in the sense of the arising of a condition, one sees the arising of the form aggregate. "From the arising of kamma, there is the arising of form" – in the sense of the arising of a condition, one sees the arising of the form aggregate. "From the arising of nutriment, there is the arising of form" – in the sense of the arising of a condition, one sees the arising of the form aggregate. Even when seeing the characteristic of production, one sees the arising of the form aggregate. When seeing the arising of the form aggregate, one sees these five characteristics. When seeing passing away, which five characteristics does one see? "From the cessation of ignorance, there is the cessation of form" – in the sense of the cessation of a condition, one sees the passing away of the form aggregate. "From the cessation of craving, there is the cessation of form" – in the sense of the cessation of a condition, one sees the passing away of the form aggregate. "From the cessation of kamma, there is the cessation of form" – in the sense of the cessation of a condition, one sees the passing away of the form aggregate. "From the cessation of nutriment, there is the cessation of form" – in the sense of the cessation of a condition, one sees the passing away of the form aggregate. Even when seeing the characteristic of change, one sees the passing away of the form aggregate.