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(Compared to) the life of the Tāvatiṃsa Devas... ...the life of the Yāma Devas... ...the life of the Tusita Devas... ...the life of the Nimmānaratī Devas... ...the life of the Paranimmitavasavattī Devas... ...the life of the Brahmakāyika Devas. For humans, life is little, life is short, life is brief, life is momentary, life is swift, life is fleeting, life is not long-lasting, life does not endure long. This was said by the Blessed One – “Little, monks, is the life of humans. The next world is to be gone to. It should be understood with wisdom. Good should be done. The holy life should be lived. There is no not dying for one who is born. Whoever, monks, lives long, lives a hundred years or a little more.” “Short is the life of humans, A good person should despise it; He should live like one whose head is aflame, For there is no escape from death. Days and nights pass by, Life ceases; The life of mortals wastes away, Like water in small rivers.” The wise say this life is short. "Wise" means wise, "Wise" means resolute, "Wise" means endowed with resolution, "Wise" means those who have dispelled evil. "Dhī" is called wisdom. That wisdom, understanding, investigation, thorough investigation, discrimination of phenomena, discernment, observation, counter-observation, sagacity, skill, dexterity, analysis, thought, examination, insight, intelligence, guidance, clear-seeing, clear comprehension, goad, wisdom, faculty of wisdom, power of wisdom, weapon of wisdom, palace of wisdom, light of wisdom, radiance of wisdom, illumination of wisdom, jewel of wisdom, non-delusion, discrimination of phenomena, right view – because they are endowed with that wisdom, they are wise. Furthermore, they are wise in aggregates, wise in elements, wise in sense bases, wise in dependent origination, wise in foundations of mindfulness, wise in right efforts, wise in bases of psychic power, wise in faculties, wise in powers, wise in factors of awakening, wise in the path, wise in the fruits, wise in Nibbāna. Those wise ones said thus: “The life of humans is little, life is short, life is brief, life is momentary, life is swift, life is fleeting, life is not long-lasting, life does not endure long.” Thus they said, thus they speak, thus they declare, thus they explain, thus they express: “The wise say this life is short.” Therefore the Blessed One said – “Therefore one should train Then, here, a being, Whatever he knows as uneven in the world; For that reason, he should not act unevenly, "For short, they say, is this life, the wise ones." 11. I see in the world, trembling, This populace gone to craving for existences; Wretched men lament in the jaws of death, Their craving for existences not gone. "I see in the world, trembling." "I see in the world, trembling." "I see" means: I see with the physical eye, I see with the divine eye, I see with the eye of wisdom, I see with the eye of a Buddha, I see with the all-seeing eye; I perceive, I observe, I contemplate, I examine. "World" means: The world of suffering, The human world, The divine world, The world of aggregates, The world of elements, The world of sense bases. "Trembling" means: Trembling with the trembling of craving, Trembling with the trembling of views, Trembling with the trembling of defilements, Trembling with the trembling of wrong application, Trembling with the trembling of results, Trembling with the trembling of misconduct, Stained, trembling with lust, Corrupted, trembling with hatred, Deluded, trembling with delusion, Bound, trembling with conceit, Grasped, trembling with views, Scattered, trembling with restlessness, Unsettled, trembling with doubt, Entrenched, trembling with latent tendencies, Trembling with gain, Trembling with loss, Trembling with fame, Trembling with disrepute, Trembling with praise, Trembling with blame, Trembling with pleasure, Trembling with pain, Trembling with birth, Trembling with old age, Trembling with sickness, Trembling with death, Trembling with sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief, and despair, Trembling with the suffering of hell, Trembling with the suffering of the animal realm, Trembling with the suffering of the ghost realm, Trembling with human suffering, Trembling with suffering rooted in conception, Trembling with suffering rooted in dwelling in the womb, Trembling with suffering rooted in emerging from the womb, Trembling with suffering connected to being born... Struggling, struggling with the suffering of dependence due to birth, struggling with the suffering of self-inflicted harm, struggling with the suffering of harm from others, struggling with the suffering of pain, struggling with the suffering of conditioned existence, struggling with the suffering of change, struggling with the suffering of eye disease, struggling with the suffering of ear disease, struggling with the suffering of nose disease, ... struggling with the suffering of tongue disease, struggling with the suffering of body disease, struggling with the suffering of head disease, struggling with the suffering of ear disease, struggling with the suffering of mouth disease, struggling with the suffering of tooth disease, with cough, with asthma, with catarrh, with burning fever, with fever, with stomach disease, with fainting, with dysentery, with colic, with cholera, with leprosy, with boils, with skin disease, with consumption, with epilepsy, with ringworm, with itch, with scabies, with eczema, with impetigo, with blood disease, with bile disease, with diabetes, with piles, with carbuncles, with fistula, with ailments arising from bile, with ailments arising from phlegm, with ailments arising from wind, with ailments arising from a combination of humors, with ailments arising from seasonal changes, with ailments arising from improper care, with ailments arising from external causes, with ailments arising from the ripening of kamma, with cold, with heat, with hunger, with thirst, with defecation, with urination, with the suffering from the touch of gnats, mosquitoes, wind, sun, and creeping things, with the suffering from the death of mother, with the suffering from the death of father, with the suffering from the death of brother, with the suffering from the death of sister, with the suffering from the death of son, with the suffering from the death of daughter, with the suffering of loss of relatives, with the suffering of loss of wealth, with the suffering of loss due to disease, with the suffering of loss of virtue, with the suffering of loss of right view, struggling, trembling, quivering, shaking, violently shaking, completely shaking. I see, I shall see, I look at, I contemplate, I examine – I see the world struggling. This populace, gone to craving in existences. "Pajā" means beings. Craving means craving for forms, craving for sounds, craving for smells, craving for tastes, craving for tangibles, craving for mental objects. "Taṇhagata" means gone to craving, gone after craving, permeated by craving, attached to craving. fallen by craving, overcome, whose mind is seized. In existences, that is, in the sense-sphere existence, in the form-sphere existence, in the formless-sphere existence – this populace gone to craving in existences. Lowly people lament at the mouth of death. Lowly people, that is, lowly people endowed with lowly bodily action, lowly people endowed with lowly verbal action, lowly people endowed with lowly mental action, lowly people endowed with lowly taking of life, with lowly taking what is not given... (etc.) with lowly sexual misconduct... with lowly false speech... with lowly slanderous speech... with lowly harsh speech... with lowly idle chatter... with lowly covetousness... with lowly ill-will... with lowly wrong view... with lowly formations... with lowly five sense pleasures, hindrances... with lowly volition... with lowly aspiration... with lowly determination – these are lowly people. Lowly, very lowly, inferior, base, contemptible, wretched, insignificant – these are lowly people. They lament at the mouth of death, that is. At the mouth of death, that is, at the mouth of Māra, at the mouth of dying, having reached death, having attained death, having approached death, having reached Māra, having attained Māra, having approached Māra, having reached dying, having attained dying, having approached dying, they lament, they wail, they grieve, they are distressed, they mourn, they beat their breasts, they cry out, they fall into confusion – thus, lowly people lament at the mouth of death. They are not free from craving in existences and non-existences. Craving, that is, craving for forms... (etc.) craving for phenomena. In existences and non-existences, that is, in states of becoming and non-becoming, in kamma-becoming, in rebirth, in sense-sphere becoming, in kamma-becoming, in sense-sphere becoming, in rebirth, in form-sphere becoming, in kamma-becoming, in form-sphere becoming, in rebirth, in formless-sphere becoming, in kamma-becoming, in formless-sphere becoming, in rebirth, in repeated becoming, by repeated going, by repeated arising, by repeated re-linking, by repeated production of self-existence, not free from craving, not gone beyond craving, not abandoned craving, not given up craving. Not released from craving, not given up craving, not relinquished craving – thus, they are not free from craving in existences and non-existences. Therefore the Blessed One said – “I see the world trembling, this populace gone to craving..." in existences. Lowly people lament in the mouth of death, with unquenched craving for existences, for rebirths.’’ 12. See them struggling, clinging to what they call 'mine,' like fish in a shallow, dried-up stream. Seeing this, one should wander without 'mine,' not clinging to existences. "See them struggling, clinging to what they call 'mine'" means: There are two kinds of 'mine-ness' (mamatta): craving-mine-ness and view-mine-ness. What is craving-mine-ness?